Organic Synthesis and Conditions Flashcards by Madeline White

Q

Benzene to Bromobenzene

A

Warm, Br2, FeBr3 (or other halogen carrier)

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Q

Benzene to Chlorobenzene

A

Warm, Cl2, AlCl3 (or other halogen carrier)

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Q

Benzene to Nitrobenzene

A

conc. H2SO4, conc. HNO3, 50 degrees celcius

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Q

Nitrobenzene to Phenylamine

A

Sn catalyst, conc. HCl, under reflux

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Q

Phenylamine to Benzenediazonium Chloride

A

NaNO2/HNO3, HCl,

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Q

Benzenediazonium Chloride to Azo Dye

A

Phenol, hot aqueous NaOH

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Q

Phenol to Sodium Phenoxide (+ H2O)

A

NaOH, 20 degrees celcius

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Q

Phenol to Sodium Phenoxide (+ 1/2 H2O)

A

Na metal, 20 degrees celcius

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Q

Phenol to 2,4,6 - Tribromophenol (+ 3HBr)

A

3Br2, 20 degrees celcius

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Q

Alkane to Halogenoalkane

A

Halogen e.g Br2, UV light

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Q

Halogenoalkane to Amine

A

NH3 and ethanol (ethanolic ammonia), heat, fractional distillation

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Q

Alkene to Halogenoalkane

A

HBr/HCl, 20 degrees celcius

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Q

Alkene to Dibromoalkane

A

Bromine water, 20 degrees celcius

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Q

Alkene to Alcohol

A

Steam, 300 degrees celcius, H3PO4

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Q

Alcohol to Alkene

A

conc. H2SO4, 170 degrees celcius, reflux

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Q

Primary Alcohol to Aldehyde

A

K2Cr2O7, H2SO4, heat then distil

Q

Aldehyde to Primary Alcohol

A

NaBH4, heat

Q

Secondary Alcohol to Ketone

A

K2Cr2O7, H2SO4, reflux

Q

Ketone to Secondary Alcohol

A

NaBH4, heat

Q

Primary Alcohol/Aldehyde to Carboxylic Acid

A

K2Cr2O7, H2SO4, reflux

Q

Alcohol to Ester

A

Carboxylic Acid, H2SO4, reflux

Q

Carboxylic Acid to Ester

A

Alcohol, H2SO4, reflux

Q

Acid Anhydride to Ester (+ Carboxylic Acid)

A

Alcohol, warm, fractional distillation

Q

Ester to Carboxylate (+ Alcohol)

A

OH-/H+ = alkaline/acid hydrolysis

Ester to Carboxylic Acid (+ Alcohol)

H2O/H+ = alkaline/acid hydrolysis

Alkene to Alkane

H2, Nickel catalyst (hydrogenation) 150 degrees celcius