Trigger 5: mediators fo B cell death Flashcards
which virus’ have been specifically implicated
enterovirus’
how common are enterovirus’
the most common in the world
enterovirus’ are a group of virus’ which cause
mild infectious disease
name two enterovirus’ which are more severe illness
cocksakievirus, polio, hand, foot and mouth disease
symptoms of enterovirus
variable- usually no symptoms.
- mild respiratory symptoms
- flu-like illness
- muscle ache
- rash
- gastrointestinal symptoms
How do you catch an enterovirus?
Spread either by coming into contact with secretions, like saliva, sputum or mucus, from an infected person or with their faeces.
individuals most at risk of entersvirus’
Children, pregnant women, newborns and people who are malnutritioned
treatment for enteroviral infction
Usually patients recover by themselves.
Treatment usually focuses on relieving symptoms and hydration.
when are antibiotic necessary for enteroviral infection
Anti-biotics are only given if a secondary bacterial infection occurs.
how are proposed diabetes causing viruses idnetified
- blood tests
- twin studies
- case control (props fro decease patients)
- animal models
how can viral infections be detected
PCR Sequencing Immunofluorescence assay ELISA Hemagglutination assay Electron microscopy (not used)
alpha cells
¥ trigger a more efficient antiviral response than β cells following infection with diabetogenic viruses, thus enabling α cells to eradicate viral infections without undergoing apoptosis
staining shows that islets of langerhans interact with immune cells in an
non-uniform manner
immune cells should
NOT BE PRESENT IN THE PANCREAS
immune cells are not present within the pancreas within
healthy people- therefore can deduce its an immune mediated process
which enterovirus’ are implicated
cocksackie (seasonal)
mumps
rubella
acute viral infection
is characterized by rapid onset of disease, a relatively brief period of symptoms, and resolution within days.
acute trial infection accompanied by
early production of infectious virions and elimination of infection by the host immune system.
example of virus which causes acute infection
influenza and ebola
often acute infections cause
little or no clinical symptoms
persistent viral infections last for
long periods
why do persistent viral infections occur
due to the primary infection not being cleared by the adapt immune resonse
examples of persistent infections
Varicella-zoster virus, measles, HIV-1, man cytomegalovirus
a chronic infection is a
type of persistent infection that is eventually cleared
