Trigger 2: Social Prescribing Flashcards
Define Health
State of overall well-being involving physical, mental, and social factors; not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
What does physical health involve?
Physical health refers to the proper functioning of the body’s systems and organs. It involves aspects such as regular exercise, a balanced diet, adequate sleep, and the absence of injury.
Define mental health.
Mental health is a state of well-being where an individual copes with the normal stresses of life, maintains work productivity, and contributes to the community. It involves emotional and psychological well-being and the ability to adapt to changes.
What does social well-being involve?
Social well-being is an individual’s ability to positively engage meaningfully. It includes the capacity to form and maintain supportive social connections and actively participate in community activities.
What is social prescribing?
Social prescribing is a holistic approach to healthcare that involves connecting physical, mental, and social health factors. It includes non-medical interventions aimed at improving health issues and overall well-being.
Name some interventions included in social prescribing.
Interventions can include exercises, counseling and therapy, support groups, nutritional advice, art activities, and access to financial, employment, or housing services.
True or false: Health is solely the absence of disease.
False. Health is a state of overall well-being, not just the absence of disease or infirmity.
Physical health involves the proper functioning of the body’s ________ and ________.
Physical health involves the proper functioning of the body’s systems and organs.
Describe mental health.
Mental health is a state of well-being where an individual copes with life’s stresses, maintains productivity, and contributes to the community. It encompasses emotional and psychological well-being.
What are the steps involved in social prescribing delivery?
Identification of health issues, referral from primary care, involvement of a link worker, co-designing a non-clinical prescription, and referral to the voluntary and community sector.
What is the role of a link worker in social prescribing?
The link worker acts as a bridge between the GP and social prescription opportunities, being knowledgeable about local organizations and schemes available to aid the patient.
What is a limitation associated with operating a social prescribing service with volunteers?
It can lead to delays in implementation and may require more flexibility than paid staff, resulting in longer processing times.
How might patient scepticism affect the success of social prescribing?
Scepticism may lead to low motivation or a fear of stigmatization, hindering patients from attending prescribed activities.
True or False: Lack of shared understanding among prescribers, link workers, service users, and providers is not a significant barrier in social prescribing.
False. Lack of shared understanding can result in inappropriate referrals, hindering delivery to the target group.
Accessibility can be a barrier if activities lack ________ access.
Accessibility can be a barrier if activities lack wheelchair access.
How might high turnover of volunteers impact social prescribing programs?
High turnover can disrupt the continuity of the delivery process and necessitate the training of new volunteers.
What is the collaborative step between the patient and the link worker in social prescribing?
Co-designing a non-clinical prescription that adapts to the patient’s needs.
How can a lack of knowledge about extreme disorders impact social prescribing?
It may limit the effectiveness of social prescribing in addressing the needs of individuals with specific and complex health conditions.
What are the key steps involved in social prescribing delivery?
a) Diagnosis, prescription, treatment
b) Referral, medication, follow-up
c) Identification of health issues, referral from primary care, link worker involvement, co-designing prescription, referral to the voluntary sector
d) Exercise, diet, medication
c) Identification of health issues, referral from primary care, link worker involvement, co-designing prescription, referral to the voluntary sector
What is the primary role of a link worker in social prescribing?
a) Providing medical prescriptions
b) Bridging the gap between the GP and social prescription opportunities
c) Managing community activities
d) Conducting health assessments
b) Bridging the gap between the GP and social prescription opportunities
What is a limitation associated with operating a social prescribing service with volunteers?
a) Faster implementation
b) Higher flexibility
c) Lower processing times
d) Potential delays in implementation and the need for flexibility
d) Potential delays in implementation and the need for flexibility
How might patient scepticism impact social prescribing success?
a) Improve motivation
b) Enhance participation
c) Lead to low motivation or fear of stigmatization
d) Expedite referral process
c) Lead to low motivation or fear of stigmatization
What can result from a lack of shared understanding in social prescribing?
a) Streamlined referral process
b) Appropriate referrals
c) Inappropriate referrals hindering delivery to the target group
d) Quicker implementation
c) Inappropriate referrals hindering delivery to the target group
What can be a significant barrier in social prescribing if activities lack this?
a) Financial support
b) Wheelchair access
c) Technological support
d) Public transportation
b) Wheelchair access
What are the main categories of social determinants of health according to the Dahlgren and Whitehead model?
a) Biological and genetic factors
b) Lifestyle choices
c) Income and education
d) Age, sex, and constitutional factors, individual lifestyle factors, social and community networks, living and working conditions, socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental conditions
d) Age, sex, and constitutional factors, individual lifestyle factors, social and community networks, living and working conditions, socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental conditions
How do living and working conditions impact health?
Conditions in which people live and work can affect health, including exposure to environmental hazards and stressors. Poor housing conditions, workplace stress, and exposure to pollutants can contribute to respiratory diseases, mental health issues, and other health problems.
________ and health are closely linked, with health outcomes improving incrementally as income rises.
Income
True or False: Genetic factors influence social determinants of health equally.
False. Genetic factors may vary in their impact on social determinants of health.
How can income influence future health outcomes?
a) Improves social relationships
b) Enhances cognitive abilities
c) Influences educational opportunities leading to improved employment prospects
d) Reduces stress levels
c) Influences educational opportunities leading to improved employment prospects
Children from deprived areas may experience lower ________ attainment.
Educational
True or False: Social support systems and community engagement have no impact on mental health.
False. Social support systems positively influence mental health.
How is income connected to other social determinants of health?
Income can have knock-on effects on other social determinants. For example, a parent’s income may influence their child’s educational opportunities, which in turn affects the child’s future employment and income.
Describe what the gold standard of social prescribing might look like.
The gold standard involves a holistic initial assessment by a healthcare professional, considering medical, social, and economic needs, as well as patients’ preferences and social determinants of health. A positive link worker should be provided to aid in adherence. It includes a clear referral pathway, an easily accessible resource database of local social prescribing schemes, a well-managed system from a multidisciplinary team fostering trust, and outcome measurements for feedback and assessment of effectiveness.
What are the key features of a gold standard social prescribing model?
Key features include a holistic initial assessment, a clear referral pathway, consideration of medical, social, and economic needs, patient preferences, and social determinants of health. It involves a well-managed referral system, a multidisciplinary team, an accessible resource database, and outcome measurements for feedback and assessing effectiveness.
True or false: The gold standard social prescribing model only includes medical assessments.
False. The gold standard involves a holistic assessment considering medical, social, and economic needs, as well as patient preferences and social determinants of health.
What role does a multi-disciplinary team play in the gold standard social prescribing model?
The multi-disciplinary team consists of diverse healthcare professionals who educate the local area, coordinate stakeholders, and build trust between social partners and patients to enhance the intervention’s success.
Easily accessible and up-to-date ________ of social prescribing schemes in the local area in the consultation office.
esource database/brochures
How are outcomes measured in the gold standard social prescribing model?
Outcomes are measured through a straightforward feedback system on a patient-by-patient basis and a systematic review process to evaluate the overall effectiveness of the schemes. It aims to address health inequalities and ensure fair treatment for all.
Provide examples of successful social prescribing schemes.
Examples include Sands United in Salisbury (a football team supporting dads who experienced baby loss), Ways of Wellness Newcastle (one-to-one meetings with a link worker for health and wellness goals), and Rotherham Social Prescribing Service (linked with 20 local organizations, reducing non-elective inpatient episodes and A&E attendances).
True or False: Rotherham Social Prescribing Service is aimed at users with short-term conditions.
False. It is aimed at users with complex long-term conditions, who are a significant drain on primary care resources.
What are the essential components of the gold standard social prescribing model?
a) Only medical assessments
b) Holistic initial assessment, clear referral pathway, multidisciplinary team, accessible resource database
c) Financial assessments only
d) Limited involvement of stakeholders
b) Holistic initial assessment, clear referral pathway, multidisciplinary team, accessible resource database
Why is a multi-disciplinary team important in social prescribing?
The multi-disciplinary team plays a crucial role in educating the local area, coordinating stakeholders, and building trust between social partners and patients to enhance the intervention’s success.
True or false: The gold standard social prescribing model only includes medical assessments.
The gold standard social prescribing model only includes medical assessments.
How are outcomes measured in the gold standard social prescribing model?
Outcomes are measured through a straightforward feedback system on a patient-by-patient basis and a systematic review process to evaluate the overall effectiveness of the schemes. It aims to address health inequalities and ensure fair treatment for all.
Describe the current state of social prescribing.
Social prescribing is gaining increasing recognition globally, with many countries providing frameworks and funding for it. The scope has broadened, offering patients diverse activities such as gardening clubs, art classes, walking groups, and cooking classes.
hat are the pros of social prescribing?
a) Focuses solely on medical aspects
b) Empowers individuals, reduces pressure on health services, treats beyond medical issues, community building
c) Increases reliance on clinical services
d) Inconsistent outcomes
b) Empowers individuals, reduces pressure on health services, treats beyond medical issues, community building
Social prescribing reduces pressure on health __________.
services
How does social prescribing empower individuals?
Social prescribing empowers individuals to take control of their own health, leading to improved self-management of conditions.
True or False: Social prescribing is always cost-effective.
False. While it can be cost-effective in the long run, there are factors such as variability in service quality and access issues that can impact its cost-effectiveness.
What are the cons of social prescribing?
Cons include the lack of evidence, resource-intensive setup, variability in service quality, over-reliance risk, and unequal access issues.
Why can social prescribing be resource-intensive initially?
Setting up and maintaining a social prescribing system, with trained link workers, can be resource-intensive initially.
True or False: Social prescribing reduces health inequalities.
False. Access issues may make health inequalities worse, as not all patients have equal access to services available through social prescribing.
What is the conclusion regarding social prescribing?
While social prescribing offers a promising and comprehensive approach to health, its effective implementation requires improved evaluation, striking a balance between clinical and non-clinical support.
What are the limitations of the medical model in the context of COVID-19?
he medical model’s disease-centred focus neglects prevention, social determinants of health, and may not address healthcare inequalities. It tends to be reactive, lacking preventive measures and may lead to healthcare system overload during a pandemic.
True or False: The medical model prioritizes preventive measures such as vaccination campaigns and public health education.
False. The medical model tends to be reactive and may not prioritize preventive measures.
How can the medical model inadvertently exacerbate healthcare inequalities during a pandemic?
Vulnerable populations may have less access to healthcare resources, and the medical model may not adequately address disparities, leading to unequal impacts on different communities.
How does the social prescription model differ from the medical model in its approach?
Social prescribing focuses on holistic well-being, addressing not only physical health but also mental, emotional, and social well-being.
How can social prescribing be utilized during the COVID-19 pandemic to address mental health challenges?
Social prescribing can offer access to support groups, counselling services, and activities that alleviate stress and anxiety, contributing to mental well-being.
How does social prescribing encourage community engagement, especially during a pandemic?
Social prescribing encourages communities to come together to support vulnerable individuals, ensuring they have access to essential resources, including food and medication.
Social prescribing exacerbates healthcare disparities.
False. Social prescribing addresses social determinants of health and can help reduce healthcare inequalities.
How can social prescribing contribute to relieving the burden on healthcare systems during a pandemic?
reventive and holistic approaches supported by social prescribing can keep people healthier, reducing the burden on healthcare systems and freeing up resources for individuals who genuinely require medical care.
How do the medical model and the social prescription model complement each other during a pandemic?
While the medical model is essential for treating acute cases, the social prescription model offers a holistic, preventive, and community-centred approach to address the broader impact of the pandemic and promote equity.
How does sex influence health, and what are examples of conditions affected by sex?
Sex influences health, with women being more prone to breast cancer and men to prostate cancer. Women may face a higher risk of domestic violence, while men tend to downplay physical symptoms.
True or False: Age is insignificant in the development of health conditions.
False. Age is significant, as conditions like dementia, heart disease, diabetes, and cancer become more common with age.
How does ethnicity influence health outcomes, particularly in the UK?
Ethnicity plays a crucial role, with black and minority ethnic groups in the UK facing worse health outcomes, partly due to conditions like diabetes and hypercholesterolemia.
How do lifestyle choices influence a person’s risk of developing disease?
Lifestyle choices, including drinking, smoking, hand washing, and diet, play a part in disease risk. These choices are influenced by the area and conditions individuals grew up in.
What health issues are associated with weak social networks?
Weak social networks are associated with depression, hypertension, heart disease, and unhealthy behaviours like smoking and excessive drinking.
How do trusting, empowered communities benefit health?
Trusting, empowered communities have better self-rated health, greater healthcare access, healthier food options, and lower neighborhood violence, collectively shaping well-being.
How do socioeconomic factors shape overall health and well-being?
Socioeconomic factors, including education, work, healthcare services, and housing quality, significantly shape an individual’s overall health and well-being.
How can political choices affect health?
Political choices and party support can affect access to healthcare, influencing an individual’s well-being.
What role do environmental factors play in health determinants?
Environmental factors, such as pollution and natural disasters, impact disease rates and access to care, contributing to health determinants.
True or False:Cultural beliefs have no impact on health.
False. Cultural beliefs can affect whether symptoms are medicalized or embraced, contributing to health determinants.
Which of the following is a lifestyle choice that influences disease risk?
a) Genetic factors
b) Socioeconomic status
c) Hand washing
d) Cultural beliefs
c) Hand washing
How do trusting communities benefit health?
a) Higher crime rates
b) Lower self-rated health
c) Greater healthcare access
d) Increased neighborhood violence
c) Greater healthcare access
How can political choices affect access to healthcare?
a) They have no impact
b) Influence access to healthcare
c) Only impact hand hygiene
d) Improve healthcare disparities
b) Influence access to healthcare
How can cultural beliefs affect health?
a) No impact
b) Affect whether symptoms are medicalized or embraced
c) Decrease health disparities
d) Improve healthcare access
b) Affect whether symptoms are medicalized or embraced
Women are more prone to ________ and men to ________.
Women are more prone to breast cancer and men to prostate cancer.
Conditions like ________, ________, ________, and ________ become more common with age.
Conditions like dementia, heart disease, diabetes, and cancer become more common with age.
In the UK, black and minority ethnic groups face worse health outcomes, partly due to conditions like ________ and ________.
In the UK, black and minority ethnic groups face worse health outcomes, partly due to conditions like diabetes and hypercholesterolemia.
Health issues associated with weak social networks include ________, ________, ________, and ________.
Health issues associated with weak social networks include depression, hypertension, heart disease, and unhealthy behaviors like smoking.
Socioeconomic factors, including ________, ________, ________, significantly shape an individual’s overall health and well-being.
Socioeconomic factors, including education, work, healthcare services, significantly shape an individual’s overall health and well-being.
Environmental factors, such as ________, impact disease rates and access to care, contributing to health determinants.
Environmental factors, such as pollution, impact disease rates and access to care, contributing to health determinants.
The determinants of health include ________, ________, ________, and they all play a part in an individual’s health and impact susceptibility to ________.
he determinants of health include age, sex, constitutional factors, individual lifestyle factors, social and community networks, living and working conditions, socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental conditions, and they all play a part in an individual’s health and impact susceptibility to disease.
What is the medical model?
The medical model is the healthcare structure focused on physiological factors, seen in modern healthcare systems like the NHS.
List at least three positives of the medical model.
Positives include background in rigorous scientific research, specialization in various fields, success in infectious disease regulation, and efficient diagnosis.
According to the WHO, what is the definition of health?
The WHO defines health as “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”
What are the limitations of physical well-being in the medical model?
Limitations include being disease-centric, over-diagnosing, fragmented structure, and issues with coordination and mismanagement.
Highlight at least two limitations of mental well-being in the medical model.
Limitations include waiting lists for government-supplied therapy, reliance on mental health pharmaceuticals, and lack of accountability in mental healthcare.
What are the limitations of social well-being in the medical model?
The medical model oversimplifies issues by reducing all health problems to physical and mental health, leading to inequality in healthcare and overlooking social determinants
Provide an example of an alternative model to medical model:
An alternative model is “social prescribing,” which emphasizes social well-being with activities like hobbies, education, exercises, and financial advice.
Summarize the four key points about the medical model.
Pro: Efficient due to scientific research.
Pro: Positive aspects in government contracts and overprescription.
Con: Overly reliant on physiological solutions.
Con: Limited focus on wider social determinants of health.
Fill in the Gap - One of the biggest Pros to the medical model is that it is based off meticulous ________ research, meaning it’s very efficient in diagnosis and what is exactly needed and is constantly evolving.
scientific
Fill in the Gap - Positives include background in rigorous ________ research, specialization in various fields, success in infectious disease regulation, and efficient diagnosis.
scientific
Fill in the Gap - The medical model is often criticized, but has been in use for many years and has multiple ________.
positives
Fill in the Gap - There is a limitation to government supplied ________ due to a larger need from patients than the suppliers have, causing huge waiting lists and a reliance on mental health pharmaceuticals.
therapy
The medical model often reduces all health issues to physical and mental health issues, ignoring ________ issues, which causes a fix for a different issue and loses efficiency by oversimplifying issues.
social well-being
Healthcare costs – the medical model relies on the pharmaceutical market and government bodies (NHS as an example) which are ________ based.
economically
Fill in the Gap - Using the Dahlgren and Whitehead social determinants rainbow model of population health, healthcare services are only ________ of health.
5-15%
One of the limitations of physical well-being in the medical model is being labeled ________ centric and addressing health issues as diseases, ignoring social well-being issues.
disease
Fill in the Gap - Mental health service ________ causes huge waiting lists and a reliance on mental health pharmaceuticals.
overprescription
The current medical model is overly reliant on ________ solutions.
physiological
Health is…
a. The absence of disease or infirmity
b. Feeling happy
c. Being physically fit
d. A complete state of physical, mental and social wellbeing
A complete state of physical, mental and social wellbeing
- What of the following is not a determinant of health?
a. Individual factors
b. Sociocultural factors
c. Geological factors
d. Socio-economic factors
Geological factors
Social economics does not include:
a. Employment
b. Income
c. Education
d. Social intelligence
Social intelligence
Health is solely the responsibility of the individual..
a. False
b. True
Flase
How much shorter is life expectancy of a woman living in Canning Town compared to a woman living in Westminster?
a. 6 years
b. 4 years
c. 1 year
d. 2 years
4 years
On average, which of the following is the best predictor of mental health problem
a. Lack of exercise
b. Whether you have bad genes
c. Whether you are in debt
Whether you are in debt
In the UK people living in the poorest neighbourhoods will, on average die ealier than those living in the richest neighbour hoods by
a. 5 years
b. 10 years
c. 7 years
d. 3 years
7 years
In the UK, the average difference in disability free life expectancy for people living in the poorest neighbourhoods compared with those living in the richest neighbour hoods is
a. 17 years
b. 12 years
c. 5 years
d. 10 years
17 years
According to Tudor Hart, who is the most likely to use health care services?
a. Those from poor backgrounds
b. Those with chronic health conditions
c. Those with the least need for health care
d. People over 60 years
Those with the least need for health care
Social capital is…
a. Having a lot of friends
b. The area where there are lots of social groups
c. Having enough income to socialise and enjoy yourself
d. The resources and networks that help people to thrive
The resources and networks that help people thrive
On average how much of GPs time is taken up with non-health matters
a. Less than 10%
b. Greater than 10%
c. Between 15 and 20%
d. Between 5 and 10%
Between 15 and 20%
Which is NOT a risk category for disadvantage
a. Ethnic minority
b. Poor health
c. Retirement
d. Deprivation
e. Living alone
f. Living in a rural community
Living in a rural community
Which is NOT one of the five ways to wellbeing
a. Work
b. Give
c. Take notice
d. Be active
e. Keep learning
f. Connect
Work
Which of the following are barriers to the implementation of social prescribing (tick all that apply)
a. Lack of funding
b. Poor engagement by GP staff
c. Lack of third sector opportunities to refer patients to
d. Temporary contracts for link workers
e. Poor project management
f. Patient belief in the benefits of SP
All of them
Why is obtaining evidence of the effectiveness of social prescribing (SP) so difficult? (tick all that apply)
a. We don’t know what SP really is
b. SP is not a single intervention but a pathway and a process with many interacting elements
c. SP is a complex programme of varied activities that uses a range of models.
d. We don’t always have the tools and time frames to measure the most meaningful outcomes
e. Programmes are so varied
f. It is not a research funding priority
g. SP is a series of relationships, all of which need to function to meet patient needs
SP is not a single intervention but a pathway and a process with many interacting elements, SP is a complex programme of varied activities that uses a range of models, We don’t always have the tools and time frames to measure the most meaningful outcomes, Programmes are so varied, SP is a series of relationships, all of which need to function to meet patient needs
Define health.
Health is the state of overall well-being involving physical, mental, and social factors. It is not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
What does physical health encompass?
Physical health involves the proper functioning of the body’s systems and organs. It includes aspects like regular exercise, a balanced diet, adequate sleep, and the absence of injury.
hat did the Whitehall Studies demonstrate regarding social class and mortality?
The Whitehall Studies demonstrated an inverse association between social class (assessed by grade of employment) and mortality, highlighting the impact of social factors on health outcomes.
What are the strengths of the medical model?
a) Holistic approach
b) Rigorous scientific research
c) Lack of specialization
d) Relies on social well-being
b) Rigorous scientific research
What are potential limitations or barriers of social prescribing?
Operating a service with volunteers as navigators can delay the implementation and may require more flexibility than paid staff, leading to longer implementation times.
Which of the following is a type of social prescribing involving encouraging people to improve physical and mental health through contact with nature?
a) Art on Prescription
b) Exercise on Prescription
c) Green Gyms/Ecotherapy
d) Reading on Prescription
c) Green Gyms/Ecotherapy
According to the Dahlgren and Whitehead model, what are the five main categories of social determinants of health?
The five categories are age, sex, constitutional factors; individual lifestyle factors; social and community networks; living and working conditions; and socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental conditions.
What is a limitation of the medical model in addressing the broader public health aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic?
The medical model traditionally centers around diagnosing and treating specific diseases or medical conditions, neglecting prevention and social determinants of health.
What is a challenge related to patient engagement in social prescribing?
a) High motivation
b) Fear of stigmatization
c) Rapid implementation
d) Lack of skepticism
b) Fear of stigmatization
What is a potential benefit of combining the medical model and social prescribing in healthcare?
Combining both the medical model and social prescribing can potentially provide a more comprehensive and equitable healthcare approach.
What is the role of a link worker in social prescribing?
A link worker connects patients to community resources and serves as a bridge between healthcare professionals and social prescription opportunities.
How can social prescribing positively contribute during the COVID-19 pandemic?
Social prescribing can contribute positively during the COVID-19 pandemic by offering a holistic and preventive approach, addressing mental health issues, promoting community engagement, reducing healthcare disparities, and relieving pressure on healthcare systems.
What does mental health involve?
Mental health is a state of well-being where an individual copes with the normal stresses of life, maintains work productivity, and contributes to the community, involving emotional and psychological well-being.
What are some components of the gold standard social prescribing model?
a) Lack of coordination
b) Inadequate resource database
c) Multi-disciplinary team
d) Limited patient engagement
c) Multi-disciplinary team
Which of the following is an example of a social prescribing activity that involves one-to-one meetings with a link worker to establish health and wellness goals?
a) Art on Prescription
b) Green Gyms/Ecotherapy
c) Ways of Wellness Newcastle
d) Supported Referral
c) Ways of Wellness Newcastle
What type of social prescribing involves mutual volunteering schemes?
“Time Banks” involve mutual volunteering schemes where individuals exchange time and skills.
How is income linked to health outcomes?
Income and health are strongly linked, with health outcomes improving incrementally as income rises. Income can influence educational opportunities, employment, and overall well-being.
What is a challenge related to link worker training in social prescribing?
Link worker training may lack practical skills and fail to prepare workers for the complexity of cases, especially those involving mental health and multiple health conditions.
How does social prescribing contribute to community building?
Social prescribing links individuals to community resources, improving community cohesion and resilience by fostering engagement and support within local communities.
Why is a holistic approach important in social prescribing?
A holistic approach in social prescribing is crucial as it addresses not only physical health but also mental, emotional, and social well-being, providing a comprehensive perspective on an individual’s health needs.
List two factors contributing to health inequalities.
Long-term effects of a disadvantaged social position and differences in access to information, services, and resources.
What does social well-being involve?
Social well-being is an individual’s ability to positively engage meaningfully, forming and maintaining supportive social connections, and participating in community activities.
What are examples of social prescribing interventions?
a) Antibiotics
b) Financial advice
c) Surgery
d) Vaccines
b) Financial advice
What is an essential element for outcome measurement in the gold standard social prescribing model?
A straightforward way of receiving feedback on the schemes in place and quantifying whether they are working for a patient.
What did the Whitehall Studies reveal regarding mental health and employment grade differences?
Employment grade differences in mental health risk behaviors, such as smoking and exercise, and social circumstances at work, including monotonous work characterized by low control and low satisfaction.
List two categories of social determinants of health according to the Dahlgren and Whitehead model.
Living and working conditions, and socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental conditions.
How can social prescribing contribute to reducing healthcare disparities during the COVID-19 pandemic?
By addressing social determinants of health, social prescribing can help reduce healthcare inequalities, targeting underserved communities and mitigating disparities in COVID-19 outcomes.
Why can social prescribing be considered cost-effective in the long run?
In the long run, social prescribing can be cost-effective as it may reduce the number of GP visits and hospital admissions, leading to potential healthcare cost savings.
What is the importance of having an easily accessible and up-to-date resource database in social prescribing?
An accessible resource database ensures that patients can be referred to suitable social prescribing schemes, including volunteering programs, educational programs, and community-run support groups.
What are potential challenges related to patient engagement in social prescribing activities?
Fear of stigmatization and long waiting lists are potential challenges to patient engagement in social prescribing activities.
