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Neuroanatomy > Trigeminal system > Flashcards

Trigeminal system Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve and name if they are sensory or motor or both?

A

V1- ophthalmic - sensory
V2- maxilllary - sensory
V3- mandibular -sensory and motor

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2
Q

T/F CN V is the Major Sensory nerve to the head and contains both proprioception and nociception

A

true
remember proprioception is DCML
nociception is ALS

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3
Q

peripheral sensory afferents of the head converge at what?

A

trigeminal ganglion

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4
Q

trigeminal ganglion is to the head as?

A

dorsal root ganglion is to the body

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5
Q

what are the four nuclei of the trigeminal nucleus

A

mesencephalic nucleus
chief sensory nucleus (DCML)
spinal trigeminal nucleus (ALS)
motor nucleus

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6
Q

what are the boundaries of the trigeminal nucleus?

A

midbrain to C3

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7
Q

the second order neurons from the chief nucleus go both ipsilateral and contralateral to the VPM to maintain what?

A

symmetrical facial movements

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8
Q

all the contra lateral neurons travel to the thalamus in what?

A

trigeminothalamic tract

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9
Q

what two nuclei are involved in the jaw jerk reflex?

A

the mesencephalic and motor nucleus

** this basically the function of these two nuclei and don’t really participate in much else.

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10
Q

where do second order trigeminal neurons originate?

A
  • principal (chief) trigeminal nuclei(DCML) pons

- spinal trigeminal nucleus (ALS) medulla/spinal cord

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11
Q

chief trigeminal nucleus

A

mediates fine touch, joint, vibration

located in pons

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12
Q

when do the second order neurons decussate?

A

immediately and head to the trigeminothalamic tract and head to the thalamus

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13
Q

spinal trigeminal nucleus

A

mediates pain and temperature

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14
Q

how far does the spinal trigeminal nucleus descend into the spinal cord?

A

C2-C3 and is continuous with the dorsal horn

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15
Q

why is the spinal trigeminal nucleus said to be messy?

A

because the decussation can happen anywhere in the whole nucleus
**similar to tract of lissauer

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16
Q

when fibers from the spinal nucleus decussate what tract do they join?

A

spinothalamic tract

17
Q

secondary neurons from the trigeminal nerve synapse in what part of the thalamus?

A

VPM

18
Q

from the thalamus the fibers travel through what?

A

internal capsule in the posterior limb

19
Q

describe local gate control of nociceptive inputs

A
  • C fibers will inhibit the interneuron and activate the secondary neuron
  • alpha and beta fibers will activate the interneuron to inhibit the secondary neuron
  • *since the alpha and beta fibers are fast than the C fibers you can over ride the pain by rubbing an area of pain.
20
Q

T/F Transmission of nociceptive information can be inhibited by activation of cutaneous afferents?

A

true

21
Q

mesencephalic nucleus

A

sensory
mandibular proprioception
**primary neuron will be in here NOT trigeminal nucleus

22
Q

motor nucleus

A
  • muscles of mastication
  • homologous to ventral horn of spinal cord
  • corticobulbar upper motor neurons synapse on lower motor neurons originating in this nucleus
23
Q

jaw jerk reflex

A
  • muscle spindle from masseter senses it being pulled and sends signal to mesencephalic nucleus, which then synapses on the motor nucleus to masseter muscle to constrict.
  • 2 neurons
24
Q

what does the presence of an exaggerated jaw jerk reflex imply?

A

bilateral disease above the level of the pons

25
Q

eye blink response

A

touch the cornea, V1 senses this and sends information to the chief nucleus, which the synapses on the facial nucleus to blink
*3 neurons

26
Q

is the eye blink consensual?

A

yes

27
Q

in the eye blink response is the ipsilateral side slower or faster?

A

faster because there are less neuronal synapses than on the contra lateral side

28
Q

what purpose does the reticular formation play in the eye blink response?

A

makes you move and get out of the way

rubrospinal tract

29
Q

in you cut the neuron in the medulla of the eye blink response what happens?

A

you lose the consensual response

30
Q

dental procedures that cause inferior alveolar nerve injury

A 
implant
root canal
fracture of mandible 
local anesthetic
extraction of third molar
31
Q

the inferior alveolar nerve block includes what nerves?

A 
lingual
inferior alveolar
mental 
incisive
long buccal
32
Q

teeth do not have motor or parasympathetic nerves. They do have sympathetic nerves, what is their job?

A

involved in anti inflammation

also required for eruption of teeth

33
Q

if the needle enters the inferior alveolar nerve what can happen?

A

partial nerve injury with paresthesia/dystesthesia that generally resolves.
However on rare occasions can develop into a sustained neuropathic pain

Neuroanatomy (8 decks)

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