chemical senses: taste/olfaction Flashcards
how many neurons are in the taste pathway?
3
how many neurons are in the olefaction pathway?
1
where do the sensory neurons of taste synapse?
solitary nucleus
in taste buds there are no efferents, only afferents. T/F?
true
what is the life span of taste buds?
10-14 days
umami is what?
MSG receptor, glutamate taste
where are fungiform taste buds?
the anterior portion of the tongue
where are folliate taste buds?
the sides of the posterior tongue
where are the circumvalte taste buds?
the most posterior portion of the tongue
Von Ebner glands are associated with what taste buds?
folliate and circumvallate
the geniculate is associated with what cranial nerve?
facial
the petrosal nodose is associated with what carinal enrves
glossopharyngeal (petrosal) and vagus (nodose)
is somatotopy maintained in the solitary nucleus?
yes
from the solitary tract where do the neurons go?
to the VPM in the thalamus (ventral posterior medial)
from the VPM where do the axons go?
the gustatory cortex: insula and frontal operculum
where does taste and olfaction mix?
in the insula of the gustatory cortex
the insula is thought to help translate sensory signals into something that is subjectively felt, such as?
hunger, pain, or a craving
damage to the insula disrupts what?
addiction to cigarette smoking, only on the left insula
T/F olfactory neurons are shed and renewed throughout your life?
True
reduced in aging and many diseases
olfactory trigone is made up of what
lateral
medial
intermedial neruons
where do primary olfactory neurons synapse?
in the glomeruli
what are absent in the glomeruli?
cell bodies
once the synapse occurs in the glomeruli what neuron sends processes to the cortex?
mitral and tufted cells
glomeruli are said to be what?
grouped into specific types of smells
the mitral and tufted cells synapse where in the cortex?
5 places
anterior olfactory nucleus olfactory tubercle amygdala piriform cortex entorhinal cortex
what are the three places the the olfactory sensory information is processed?
olfactory bulb
olfactory cortex
limbic and motor systems
**substitute for thalamus
where does taste and olfaction integrate?
the insula (anterior portion)
what is anosmia
inability to detect odors
what is dysomia
distorted identification of smell
what is parosmia
altered perception of smell in the presence of an odor
**usually unpleasent
what is agnosia
inability to classify to contrast odors, although able to detect odors
how to test for anosmia
give a pleasant smell and a chemical smell
chemical will be CN 5
pleasant will be CN 1
renewed olfactory neurons can be disrupted by what things?
radiation, poision, alzheimer’s, aging
