chemical senses: taste/olfaction

Question 1

how many neurons are in the taste pathway?

Answer 1

3

Question 2

how many neurons are in the olefaction pathway?

Answer 2

1

Question 3

where do the sensory neurons of taste synapse?

Answer 3

solitary nucleus

Question 4

in taste buds there are no efferents, only afferents. T/F?

Answer 4

true

Question 5

what is the life span of taste buds?

Answer 5

10-14 days

Question 6

umami is what?

Answer 6

MSG receptor, glutamate taste

Question 7

where are fungiform taste buds?

Answer 7

the anterior portion of the tongue

Question 8

where are folliate taste buds?

Answer 8

the sides of the posterior tongue

Question 9

where are the circumvalte taste buds?

Answer 9

the most posterior portion of the tongue

Question 10

Von Ebner glands are associated with what taste buds?

Answer 10

folliate and circumvallate

Question 11

the geniculate is associated with what cranial nerve?

Answer 11

facial

Question 12

the petrosal nodose is associated with what carinal enrves

Answer 12

glossopharyngeal (petrosal) and vagus (nodose)

Question 13

is somatotopy maintained in the solitary nucleus?

Answer 13

yes

Question 14

from the solitary tract where do the neurons go?

Answer 14

to the VPM in the thalamus (ventral posterior medial)

Question 15

from the VPM where do the axons go?

Answer 15

the gustatory cortex: insula and frontal operculum

Question 16

where does taste and olfaction mix?

Answer 16

in the insula of the gustatory cortex

Question 17

the insula is thought to help translate sensory signals into something that is subjectively felt, such as?

Answer 17

hunger, pain, or a craving

Question 18

damage to the insula disrupts what?

Answer 18

addiction to cigarette smoking, only on the left insula

Question 19

T/F olfactory neurons are shed and renewed throughout your life?

Answer 19

True

reduced in aging and many diseases

Question 20

olfactory trigone is made up of what

Answer 20

lateral
medial
intermedial neruons

Question 21

where do primary olfactory neurons synapse?

Answer 21

in the glomeruli

Question 22

what are absent in the glomeruli?

Answer 22

cell bodies

Question 23

once the synapse occurs in the glomeruli what neuron sends processes to the cortex?

Answer 23

mitral and tufted cells

Question 24

glomeruli are said to be what?

Answer 24

grouped into specific types of smells

Question 25

the mitral and tufted cells synapse where in the cortex?

5 places

Answer 25

anterior olfactory nucleus
olfactory tubercle
amygdala
piriform cortex
entorhinal cortex

Question 26

what are the three places the the olfactory sensory information is processed?

Answer 26

olfactory bulb
olfactory cortex
limbic and motor systems
**substitute for thalamus

Question 27

where does taste and olfaction integrate?

Answer 27

the insula (anterior portion)

Question 28

what is anosmia

Answer 28

inability to detect odors

Question 29

what is dysomia

Answer 29

distorted identification of smell

Question 30

what is parosmia

Answer 30

altered perception of smell in the presence of an odor

**usually unpleasent

Question 31

what is agnosia

Answer 31

inability to classify to contrast odors, although able to detect odors

Question 32

how to test for anosmia

Answer 32

give a pleasant smell and a chemical smell
chemical will be CN 5
pleasant will be CN 1

Question 33

renewed olfactory neurons can be disrupted by what things?

Answer 33

radiation, poision, alzheimer’s, aging