Trigeminal nerve Flashcards
where does the nuclei of the Trigeminal nerve mainly lie in.
- mesencephalon
- pons
- medulla oblongata
- extending down in the cervical portion of the spinal cord
nuclei’s of the Trigeminal nerve
- pontine nucleus
- spinal Trigeminal nucleus
- mesencephalic nucleus
- motor nucleus
location and function of the pontine nucleus
- upper part of pons, tegmentum lateral part of reticular formation
- epicritic sensibility, general somatosensory
location and function of the spinal trigeminal nucleus
- from principle nucleus into medulla untill c1-c2 fo the spinal cord lower end continuing with substansia gelatinosa
- protopathic sensibility, general somatosensory
location and function of the mesencephalic nucleus
- extends cranially from principle nucleus into the midbrain where is lies in the central grey matter lateral to cerebral aquaduct.
- propioceptive sensibility general somatosensory
location and function of the motor nucleus
- upper part of the pons, medial to the principle sensory nucleus
- branchiomotor, SVM 1st branchial arch nucleus
the sub nuclei of the spinal trigeminal nucleus
- oralis
- interpolaris
- caudalis
which nerves protopathic fibers terminate also at the spinal trigeminal nucleus and why?
-facial nerve
-glossopharyngeal
-vagus nerve
because those nerves dont have a seperate nuclei for the protophatic sensibility.
brain exit of the trigeminal nerve
- between the pons and the brachium anterior as a
- larger sensory root GSS inferiorly
- smaller motor root SVM superiorly
sub arachnoidal course of the trigeminal nerve
lateral pontine cistern
dura penetration of the trigeminal nerve and where do their division go?
- trigeminal cave (containing the gasser ggl in it)
- V1 opthalmic: cavernous sinus lateral wall
- V2 Maxillary : cavernous sinus lateral inferior wall
- V3 maindibular: foramen ovale
skull exit of the trigeminal nerve
- V1: superior orbital fissure
- V2: foramen torundum
- V3: foramen ovale
V1 pathway of the opthalmic nerve
- leaves the gasser ggl,
- lies in the lateral wall of cav. sinus
- enters SOF
- orbital vaity
- before entering the SOF; it gives a recurrent tentorial branch for the cerebellar tentorium then divides into 3 main branches
what are the main branches of the opthalmic nerve
- lacrimal
- frontal
- nasociliary
pathway of lacrimal nerve
lat. section of SOF
returns to lacrimal innervating the lateral corner of the eye via the common branch it recieves from post ganglionic para sympathetic guest fibers from zygomatic nerve
pathway of the frontal nerve and the branches if gives
lateral section of the SOF closer to midline of orbital cavity it divides into
- supratrochlear nerve
- supraorbtial nerve
supply of the supra trochlear nerve
innervating upper part of the upper eye lid, glabella and root of the nose
supply of the supraorbital nerve
trough superior orbital notch for the innervation of the
- conjuctiva
- upper eye lid
- skin of forhead
- scalp
- frontal sinus
pathway and branches of the nasociliary nerve
through the medical section of the SOF runs in the medial corner of the orbital cavity to give:
- communicating branch (sensory)
- long ciliary branch
- posterior ethmoidal nerve
- anterior ethmoidal nerve
- infratrochlear nerve
-communicating branch
sensory fibers though the eyeball through the ciliary ggl to their cell bodies in the trigeminal ggl via the nasociliary
long ciliary branch
by passes the ciliary ggl supplying post synaptic sympathetic fibers for dilator papillae muscle and sensory fibers for the
- ciliary muscles
- iris
- cornea
posterior ethmoidal nerve
through the posterior ethmoidal foramen for the sphendoidal sinus + posterior ethmoidal air cells
anterior ethmoidal nerve
via the anterior ethmoidal foramen to cribriform plate for the anterior meningeal branch innervating anterior part of the dura and for the nasal cavity to innervate antero superior nasal muscosa, this nerve terminates as an external nasal branch for the skin of the dorsum and tip of the nose
infratrcholear nerve
terminal branch of the nasociliary nerve running beneath the pully of the superior oblique muscle to the front of the orbit, and supplying the skin of the eye lids and roots of the nose
Maxillary nerve pathway
through trigeminal ggl in middle cranial fossa
lateral wall of cav sinus
foramen rotundum into pterygopalatine fossa
gives of ggl branch to the pterygopalatin ggl
gives zygomatic nerve and enter the orbit
continues as the infraorbital nerve
*before exiting the skull gives a recurrent meningeal for the middle part of the dura accompanying the anterior branch of the middle meningeal artery branch outside the skull
information about the ganglionic branches of (pterygopalatine nerves)
2 short sensory branches of the maxillary nerve in the pterygopalatine fossa
fibers at which pass through the pterygopalatine ganglion without synapse from the pterygopalatine ggl (recieves the vidian nerve of the pterygoid canal)
branches of the maxillary nerve outside the skull
- ganglionic branches:
- nasal branches
- greater palatine nerve
- posterior inferior nasal nerves
- lesser palatine nerves
- pharyngeal nerve
- zygomatic nerve:
- zygomaticotemporal nerve
- zygomaticofacial nerve
- infraorbital nerve
nasal branches
- posterior superior lateral (upper post. of lat wall of nasal cavity,sup. and mid nasal conchae,meatus and post. ethmoidal sinus)
- nasopalatine nerve (through sphenopalatine foramen, cross down the nasal septum through incisive foramen it anastomoses with greater palatine nerve)
- posterior superior medial (branches of nasopalatine nerve to post. sup. nasal septum)
greater palatine nerve
pass inf. through greater palatine canal supple the mucosa and glands of hard palate and ant. part of soft palate
*post synaptic parasympathetic and sensory fibers of maxillary nerve
posterior inferior nasal nerve
branches of greater palatine nerve to post inf. lat wall of nasal vavity including post. aspect of mucosa over posterior portion of inf. nasal conchae and meatus may arise independently from pterygopalatine region
lesser palatine nerves
usually two nerves emergy through lesser palatine foramina and supply musca & gland of soft palate and uvula
*post synaptic parasympathetic and sensory fibers of maxillary nerve
pharyngeal nerve
passes post. trhough pharyngeal canal supply sensory post synaptic parasympathetic fibers to mucus gland of nasopharynx behind auditory tube entrance
what are the branches from the ganglionic branches which do not synapse in the pterygopalatine ganglion just pass through it?
- nasopalatine
- greater & lesser palatine nerves
- pharyngeal nerves
zygomatic nerve
reaches lateral wall of the orbit cavity though the inferior orbital fissure, giving rise to two sensory branches to go in to zygomatic canal
- zygomaticotemporal
- zygomaticofacial
zygomaticotemporal nerve
exits zygomaticotemporal foramen on temporal surface of zygomatic bone to supply the skin of teh face lateral to orbit
zygomaticofacial nerve
exits through the zygomaticofascial foramen on lateral surface of the zygomaticofacial foramen on lat. surace of zygomatic bone below orbital margin to supple the skin of face/ cheek bone
what happens after the branching of the zygomatic nerve
continues as a communicating branch containing post ggl parasymp. fibers from pterygopalatine ggl for the lacrima gland via the lacrimal nerve
infraorbital nerve
enter orbit via infraorbital fissure reaching the face and cheek by the infraorbital canal supplying between lower eye lid and upper lip giving alveolar branches of inn. of the maxillary teeth and gingiva and formation of sup. dental plexus
- anterior superior alveolar branches
- middle superior alveolar branches
- posterior superior alveolar branches
mandibular nerve
v3 of trigeminal nerve formed by the union of sensory fibers from trigeminal ggl and motor root of trig. nerve in the foramen ovale, emerging after as a main trunk that divides ant. and post. divisions in the infra temporal fossa
divisions of the mandibular nerve
- main trunk
- recurrent mengeal branch
- medoa; pterygoid nerve
- tensor tympani nerve
- tensor vei palatini nerve
- anterior division
- masseteric nerve
- deep temporal nerve
- lateral pterygoid nerve
- buccal nerve
- posterior division
- auriculotemporal nerve
- lingual nerve
- inferior alveloar nerve
- > nerve to mylohyoid
- > inferior dental plexus
- > mental nerve
recurrent meningeal branch
reenters the skull with middle meningeal artery through foramen spinosum supplying post. part of the middle portion of dura accompanying the posterior branches of the middle meningeal artery
medial pterygoid nerve
innervation of the medial pterygoid muscle
tensor tympani nerve
innervates the tensor tympanie muscle, runs through the otic ggl
tensor veli palatini nerve
innervates of the tensor veli palatini muscle that also runs in the otic ggl
masseteric nerve
innervates the massester muscle
deep temporal nerve
two branches and. and post. supplying the termporalis muscle and periosteum of temporal fossa
lateral pterygoing nerve
innervates of lateral pterygoid muscle
buccal nerve
sensory branch that passes downward emerging from beneath the ramus of the mandible to run forward on the buccinator myuscle piercing but not supplying it, to supply the buccal mucous membrane and skin of the cheek near the angle of the mouth
auriculotemporal nerve
arises by two roots that embrace the meddle meningeal artery, it passes through parotid gland showing post synaptic parasymp. secretoomotor fibers from the otic ggl to terminate in the skin of the temple and scalp,
- also sends branches to
- external acoustic meatus
- tympanic membrance
- auricle
lingual nerve
passes between medial pterygoid and the mandible down as an arch benath the mucous membrane of the florr of the mouth to side of tongue
supplying sensory innervation for the anterior 2/3 of it and also taste innervation of ant 2/3 as well as via guest fibers from the chorda tympani nerve
inferior alveolar nerve
enter mandibular canal to be distributed to
- lower teeth
- periosteum
- gingiva of the mandible
nerve to mylohyoid (branch of inferior alveolar nerve)
given off post. just before nerve enters mandibular foramen innervating the
- anterior belly of digastric muscle
- mylohyoid muscle
inferior dental plexus (branch of inferior alveolar nerve)
formed by branches of the inf. alveolar nerve meeting and mixing before they supply the teeth it gives off
- interior dental branches to the teeth
- inferior gingival branches to gums
mental nerve (branch of inferior alveolar nerve)
arises in the mandibular canal and passes through the mental foramen to supply
- the chin
- lower lip
- skin over body of manidble
