Trichomonas

Question 1

What are the names and main feature of the 4 Genuses of Trichomonas:

Answer 1

• Ditrichomonas = 2 anterior flagella
• Tritrichomonas = 3 anterior flagella
• (Tetra)trichomonas = 4 anterior flagella
• Pentatrichomonas = 5 anterior flagella

Question 2

How do Trichomonas reproduce:

Answer 2

By Binary fission

Question 3

What are the vectors for Trichomonas:

Answer 3

*They are transmitted mechanically by vector and are highly host specific, as they have a direct life cycle (one host)

Question 4

Trichomonas species of Carnivores: (2)

Answer 4

• T. canistomae = H: dog, Location: Oral cavity
• T. felistomae = H: cat, Location: Oral cavity

Question 5

Trichomonas species of Rodents: (5)

Answer 5

• Tt. caviae = H: guinea pig, Location: caecum
• Tt. muris = H: rodents, Location: caecum
• Tt. wenoni = H: rodents, Location: caecum, colon
• Tt. minuta = H: rodents, Location: caecum, colon
• T. microti = H: rodents, Location: caecum

Question 6

Trichomonas species of Horses: (2)

Answer 6

• Tt. equi = H: horse, Location: colon
• T. equibuccalis = H: horse, donkey, Location: oral cavity

Question 7

Trichomonas species of Pigs: (3)

Answer 7

• T. buttreyi = Location: caecum, colon
• Tt. rotunda = Location: caecum
• Tt. suis = Location: nasal cavity, GIT

Question 8

Trichomonas species of Small Ruminants: (1)

Answer 8

• Dt. ovis = Location: intestine

Question 9

Trichomonas species of Primates: (4)

Answer 9

• T. tenax = H: human, Location: oral cavity
• T. vaginalis = H: human, Location: reproductive tract
• Pt. hominis = H: human, Location: caecum, colon
• T. macacovaginae = H: Macacus rhesus, Location: vagina

Question 10

Trichomonas species of Large Ruminants: (3)

Answer 10

• Tt. enteris = Location: caecum, colon
• T. pavlovi = Location: caecum, colon
• Tt. foetus = Location: reproductive tract

Question 11

Tritrichomonas foetus causes: (4)

Answer 11

• Vestibulovaginitis
• Endometritis
• Abortus
• Infertility

Question 12

What is the transmission of Tt. foetus:

Answer 12

By intercourse and artificial insemination

Question 13

What is the shape and size of Tt. foetus:

Answer 13

Shape: drop shape
Size:
-Trophozoit 20x30μm
-Pseudocyst rarely

Question 14

What are the diagnostic methods for Tt. foetus:

Answer 14

1. Direct detection-microscopy (lavage of reproductive tracts in PBS or saline )
2. Culturing (diamond medium 2-4 days)
3. PCR

Question 15

Tricomonas species of Birds: (5)

Answer 15

• T. anatis = H: duck, Locaion: GIT caudal part
• T. anseris = H: goose, Location: GIT caudal part
• Tt. eberthi = H: chicken, turkey, duck, Location: caecum
• T. gallinae (columbae) = H: pigeon, chicken, turkey, wild birds, Location: pharynx, crop, stomach
• T. gallinarum = H: gallinaceous birds, Location: caecum, liver

Question 16

What is the shape and size of T.gallinae:

Answer 16

Shape: Pear shape
Size:
-Trophozoit 7-18x5-11μm
-Pseudocyst 12-15x6μm

Question 17

What is the way of transmission of T. gallinae (columbae):

Answer 17

• Feeding of young birds
• Contaminated water

Question 18

What does Bird Trichomonas cause:

Answer 18

• Mucopurulent inflammation
• Yellowish plaque
• Ulcers on mucose of oral cavity and internal organs

Question 19

Diagnostic methods of T. gallinae (columbae):

Answer 19

1. Clinical symptoms
2. Microscopy (swab of pharynx and crop mucose)
3. Cultivation

Question 20

Describe the Life cycle of Tt. foetus:

Answer 20

Has direct life cycle
1. Trophozoits transmitted during sexual contact
2. Multiplication by Binary fission in vaginal mucosa
3. Migrate to cervix
4. Reach uterus or oviduct

Question 21

Describe the life cycle of T. gallinae (columbae):

Answer 21

1. Transmitted by mother feeding offspring or contaminated drinking water from beak of infected birds
2. Cause inflammation and ulceration on the mucous surface
3. Pseudocyst formation in food/water (amastigote form, asexually reproduction)