Triangles of the Neck

Question 1

The sternocleidomastoid, platysmus, and trapezius all come from what in development?

Answer 1

mesenchyme from 2nd pharyngeal arch

Question 2

What is in the scalene gap? Where is it?

Answer 2

The brachial plexus. between anterior and middle scalenes

Question 3

What comes off the thyrocervical trunk? What does it become, and what branch comes off of that?

Answer 3

suprascapular a, transverse cervical a. The trunk becomes the inferior thyroid a, which has the ascending cervical a. as a branch.

Question 4

the thyrocervical trunk comes off of what?

Answer 4

comes off of the brachiocephalic trunk (on the right side)/right subclavian a., or the left subclavian a. on the left.

Question 5

Phrenic nerve comes off of?

Answer 5

C3-5

Question 6

cervical plexus is what roots? Which are motor and which are sensory?

Answer 6

C1-C4. Motor is C1-C3, sensory is C2-C4

Question 7

transverse cervical nerve comes off of which two spinal n. roots? travels where? innervates what?

Answer 7

C2 and C3. Crosses horizontally across SCM. Innervates cutaneously the lateral and anterior parts of neck.

Question 8

Supraclavicular nn. come off of which spinal n. roots? Innervate what?

Answer 8

C3 and C4. Cutaneous for skin over clavicle and shoulder.

Question 9

The great auricular and lesser occipital nn come off of which spinal n roots?

Answer 9

C2 and C3

Question 10

The lesser occipital nerve ascends where? What does it innervate? What nerve roots does it come off of?

Answer 10

ascends on posterior border of SCM. cutaneous nerve for skin of neck/posterior to scalp. comes off of C2 and C3

Question 11

Great auricular n. ascends where? Supplies what?

Answer 11

Ascends across SCM to base of ear. Cutaneous to skin of parotid/mastoid areas and ear.

Question 12

Branches of first, second, and third parts of subclavian arteries? borders of the parts?

Answer 12

First: vertebral artery, internal thoracic artery, thyrocervical trunk
Second: costocervical trunk
third: dorsal scapular a.
VIT CD
First part is medial to anterior scalene, second part is posterior to anterior scalene, and third part is lateral to the anterior scalene

Question 13

branches of external carotid artery, inferior to superior?

Answer 13

Some Aggressive Lovers Find Odd Positions More Stimulating

Superior thyroid a. 
Ascending pharyngeal a.
Lingual
Facial 
Occipital a.
Posterior auricular a. 
Maxillary a. 
Superficial Temporal a (bigger branch, looks like a continuation)

Question 14

superior and middle cardiac nn come off of?

Answer 14

The superior cardiac nerve comes off of superior cervical ganglion, and the inferior cardiac nerve comes off the middle cervical ganglion

Question 15

Cervical ganglii are what? where?

Answer 15

superior cervical ganglion is around C2
middle cervical ganglion is around C6
inferior cervical ganglion is around C7/T1.

Question 16

Inferior cervical ganglion combined with first thoracic ganglion makes the?

Answer 16

stellate ganglion

Question 17

Carotid sheath contains?

Answer 17

Internal jugular vein, vagus nerve, common carotid artery

Question 18

anterior to posterior: alar fascia, buccopharyngeal fascia, retropharyngeal space?

Answer 18

buccopharyngeal (visceral) fascia, alar fascia, retropharyngeal space

Question 19

Borders of the anterior triangle? What is in it?

Answer 19

Midline, mandible, sternocleidomastoid. Contains the hyoid bone, the digastric m. and the anterior belly of the omohyoid

Question 20

Borders of the posterior triangle?

Answer 20

sternocleidomastoid, trapezius, clavicle

Question 21

Borders of the submandibular triangle?

Answer 21

anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric, and the mandible.

Question 22

stylohyoid is part of what triangle?

Answer 22

the anterior triangle.

Question 23

What are the 4 sub triangles of the anterior triangle?

Answer 23

The submandibular, submental, carotid, and muscular.

Question 24

2 subtriangles of the posterior triangle? what divides them?

Answer 24

the omoclavicular and the occipital triangles. The inferior belly of the omohyoid seperates them.

Question 25

The scalene muscles are in which triangle?

Answer 25

The posterior triangle.

Question 26

How does the dorsal scapular artery travel?

Answer 26

Weaves through the brachial plexus.

Question 27

Spinal accessory nerve, great auricular n, and lesser occipital n are in what triangle?

Answer 27

posterior triangle

Question 28

Where is the phrenic nerve/ how to tell?

Answer 28

Strapped down by throcervical trunk branches, and runs on anterior scalene

Question 29

cervical branches of facial nerve, submandibular gland, facial a/v can all be seen in what triangle?

Answer 29

Submandibular triangle

Question 30

Common carotid artery, IJV, vagus nerve, and ansa cervicalis are all in what triangle?

Answer 30

carotid triangle

Question 31

ansa cervicalis sits on top of what structure?

Answer 31

the IJV