Triangles of the Neck (1) Flashcards
midline elevation created by the thyroid cartilage
laryngeal prominence
depression on superior border of laryngeal prominence
thyroid notch
groove located upon superior border of manubrium between two clavicular heads
suprasternal (jugular) notch
depression located lateral to clavicular origin of SCM muscle, posterior to middle third of clavicle, and anteromedial to clavicular insertion of trapezius
(serves as a pressure point to decrease bleeding of the upper extremity)
supraclavicular fossa
unpaired bone which lies superior to the laryngeal prominence
hyoid bone
- body
- greater horns
- lesser horns
signet ring-shaped cartilage which is located inferior to the thyroid cartilage
cricoid cartilage
- lamina (faces posteriorly - thick)
- arch (anteriorly - thin)
serves as partial attachment of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
mastoid process
superficial muscle originating from clavipectoral fascial, coursing superiorly over neck
platysma muscle
consists of carotid artery and vein, and vagus nerve
carotid sheath
“sleeve” binding all structures in the neck; splits to encompass SCM and trapezius
investing layer of dense connective tissue
covering supra and infrahyoid muscles (strap muscles)
infrahyoid fascia
viscera covered with a layer of fascia including the thyroid and parathyroid glands, trachea, and esophagus
pretracheal fascia
covering vertebral musculature
prevertebral (deep cervical) fascia
anterior, posterior, inferior, roof, and floor of
POSTERIOR TRIANGLE
anterior - SCM posterior - trapezius inferior - clavicle roof - skin, superficial fascia and platysma floor - prevertebral fascia
closest to the skin and can sometimes be seen as a rope like bulge on the side of neck; height is greater than 3 to 4 cm = could be possible “back up”
external jugular vein
drains into the subclavian vein
external jugular vein
joins the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein
internal jugular vein
right and left brachiocephalic veins join to form
superior vena cava
superior vena cava empties into the ____ atrium of the heart
right
splits into anterior and posterior branches;
anterior branch joins facial vein to form common facial vein
retromandibular vein
drains into the external jugular vein
posterior retromandibular vein
drains into the external jugular vein
anterior jugular veins
origin, insertion, innervation, action of SCM
origin -
: sternal head - anterior surface of manubrium
: clavicular head - superior surface of medial 1/3 clavicle
insertion - lateral surface of mastoid process, lateral half superior nuchal line
innervation - spinal root of accessory n. (CN 11)
action - laterally flexes neck and rotates head to opposite side; flex the neck so chin is thrust forward
origin, insertion, innervation, action of TRAPZIUS
origin - medial third of superior nuchal line, EOP, nuchal ligament, SP of C7-T12, lumbar and sacral spinous processes
insertion - lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapular
innervation - spinal root of accessory (CN 11); C2-C3
action - elevate, retract, depress scapula
“wry neck or loxia”; abnormal asymmetrical head or neck position due to a variety of reasons (spasm of SCM)
torticollis
cervical plexus: sensory nerves
greater auricular n, lesser occipital n, supraclavicular n, transverse cervical n
halfway along the posterior border of SCM where sensory portion of the cervical plexus emerges
erb’s point
cutaneous innervation to mastoid process
lesser occipital n
cutaneous to area around ear
great auricular n
cutaneous nerve to throat
transverse cervical n
anterior, middle, and posterior; cutaneous to area over clavicle
supraclavicular n
motor to SCM and trapezius
accessory (CN 11)
boundaries of the occipital triangle
SCM, trapezius, inferior belly of omohyoid
boundaries of supraclavicular triangle
SCM, clavicle, inferior belly of omohyoid
floor of occipital triangle
superior to inferior
- splenius capitus
- levator scapulae
- posterior scalene
- middle scalene
floor of supraclavicular triangle
superior to inferior
- anterior scalene
- 1st rib
- upper portion of serratus anterior
origin, insertion, action of ANTERIOR SCALENE
origin - anterior tubercles of TP C3-C6
insertion - scalene tubercle of 1st rib
action- elevate 1st rib, flex and laterally flex neck
origin, insertion, action of MIDDLE SCALENE
largest and longest
origin - posterior tubercles of TP C2-C7
insertion - upper surface of 1st rib
action - elevate 1st rib, laterally flex neck
origin, insertion, action of POSTERIOR SCALENE
origin - posterior tubercles of TP C4-C6
insertion - upper surface of 2nd rib
action - elevate 2nd rib, laterally flex neck
brachial plexus and subclavian artery split what two scalene muscles
anterior and middle
irritation of the brachial plexus and or subclavian/axillary artery
thoracic outlet syndrome (scalene muscles)
the ansa cervicalis is part of the _____ division of the cervical plexus
motor
provides separate motor innervation to the thyrohyoid and geniohyoid muscles and also forms the superior root of the ansa cervicalis
C1 ventral ramus
combine to form the inferior root of the ansa cervicalis
C2 and C3 rami
ansa cervicalis is the loop which is combined with what three rami
C1, C2, C3
___ gets a ride from CN XII
C1 ramus
innervates the thyrohyoid muscles
nerve to thyrohyoid
innervates the geniohyoid, travels with CN XII, and exits the carotid triangle
nerve to geniohyoid
the ansa cervicalis gives off many branches which provide motor innervation to the
infrahyoid (strap) muscles
- omohyoid bellies
- sternohyoid
- sternothyroid
part of cervical and brachial plexus; provides motor innervation to the diaphragm
phrenic nerve (C3,C4 (most), C5) "C3,C4,C5 keeps the diaphragm alive"
