Neck (2) Flashcards
anterior, posterior, superior, apex, roof, and floor of ANTERIOR TRIANGLE
anterior - anterior median line
posterior - SCM
superior - inferior border of the mandible
apex - jugular notch
roof - subcutaneous fascia and platysma
floor - pharynx, larynx, and thyroid gland
subdivided triangles of the ANTERIOR TRIANGLE
- carotid triangle
- submandibular triangle
- submental triangle
- muscular triangle
origin, insertion, innervation, action of MYLOHYOID M
origin - mylohyoid line of mandible
insertion - median raphe and hyoid bone
innervation - nerve to mylohyoid (V3)
action - raises floor of oral cavity
origin, insertion, innervation, action of DIGASTRIC M
suprhyoid m
origin - mastoid process
insertion - anteromedial aspect of mandible
innervation - posterior belly (facial nerve (CN VII)), anterior belly (V3, nerve to mylohyoid)
action - stabilizes, raises, and anterior/posterior movement of anterior and posterior belly of hyoid bone
origin, insertion, innervation, action of GENIOHYOID M
suprahyoid m
origin - genial tubercle of mandible
insertion - hyoid bone
innervation - C1, nerve to geniohyoid
action - raises hyoid bone
origin, insertion, innervation, action of STYLOHYOID M
suprhyoid m
origin - styloid process
insertion - hyoid bone
innervation - facial nerve (CN VII)
action - moves hyoid posteriosuperiorly
origin, insertion, innervation, action of THYROHYOID M
infrahyoid m
origin - oblique line of thyroid cartilage
insertion - hyoid bone
innervation - nerve to thyrohyoid (C1)
action - lowers hyoid bone or raises thyroid cartilage or stabilizes both structures during vocalization
origin, insertion, innervation, action of STERNOHYOID M
infrahyoid m
origin - posterior aspect of manubrium of sternum
insertion - hyoid bone
innervation - ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)
action - lowers hyoid bone or stabilizes hyoid during vocalization and depression of the mandible
origin, insertion, innervation, action of STERNOTHYROID M
infrahyoid m
origin - manubrium
insertion - oblique line of thyroid cartilage
innervation - ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)
action - lowers thyroid cartilage or stabilizes same during vocalization and depression of the mandible
origin, insertion, innervation , action of OMOHYOID M
infrahyoid m
origin - superior border of scapula
insertion - hyoid bone
innervation - ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)
action - superior belly lowers hyoid bone or may stabilize hyoid from below
suprahyoid muscles
- geniohyoid
- stylohyoid
- mylohyoid
- diagstric
infrahyoid muscles
- thyrohyoid
- sternohyoid
- sternothyroid
- omohyoid
muscles relaxed and contracted in SWALLOWING
relaxed - infrahyoids
contracted - suprahyoids
muscles contracted in JAW OPENING
infra and suprahyoids by stabilizing hyoid bone
mainly supra’s
muscles during vocalization
supra and infrahyoids alternate between contracting and relaxing
(dependent upon sounds made)
major contents of the SUBMANDIBULAR TRIANGLE
- submandibular salivary gland
- facial vein and submandibular lymph nodes
- facial artery
- hypoglossal nerve
major contents of SUBMENTAL TRIANGLE
- submental lymph nodes
major contents of MUSCULAR TRIANGLE
- infrahyoid muscles
- lower part of larynx
- upper trachea
- thyroid
- parathyroid glands
two lobes (L and R) of the thyroid gland are united in the midline by the
isthmus
remnant of the embryological thyroglossal duct
pyramidal lobe of thyroid gland
what two arteries supply the thyroid gland
superior and inferior thyroid arteries
Salfop
four in number (two on each side), are located on the posterior aspect of the thyroid gland
parathyroid glands
a small protein that takes part in the control of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis
parathyroid hormone
superior, inferior, posterior, and floor of CAROTID TRIANGLE
inferior - superior belly of omohyoid
superior - posterior belly of digastric
posteriorly - SCM
floor - thyrohyoid, hypoglossus and middle and inferior constrictor muscles of the pharynx
major contents of CAROTID TRIANGLE
- common carotid (split to internal and external carotid)
- internal jugular vein
- hypoglossal n (CN 12)
- accessory n (CN 11)
- vagus n (CN 10)
which carotid vessel is more lateral
internal carotid artery - more lateral
external carotid artery - more medial
baroreceptors to monitor blood pressure are located here
carotid sinus
branches of the aortic arch
- brachiocephalic trunk (divides into: R common carotid a, R subclavian a)
- L common carotid a
- left subclavian a
common carotid artery motor and sensory innervation
sensory - glossopharyngeal n (CN IX)
motor - vagus n (CN X)
highly vascularized are between internal and external carotid arteries just above the bifurcation
carotid body
ophthalmic branch supplies the forehead and anastomoses with facial and superficial temporal a
internal carotid a
SALFOP SUPER T MAX
branches of the external carotid a
names of SALFOP ST M
- superior thyroid a (superior laryngeal a)
- ascending pharyngeal a
- lingual a
- facial a
- occipital a (pinned down by hypoglossal n)
- posterior auricular a
- superficial temporal a
- maxillary a
these two veins come together to form the brachiocephalic vein
internal jugular and subclavian v
- parallel with external jugular vein
- receive drainage mainly from occipital nodes, retro auricular nodes and parotid nodes, with some drainage from anterior cervical nodes
superficial cervical nodes
- parallel with internal jugular vein
- receive drainage from superficial face and deep structures through submandibular, submental, and jugulodigastric nodes
deep cervical nodes
lies just below the posterior belly of digastric m
jugulodigastric node
terminates at the junction of the internal jugular vein and subclavian vein (lymphatics of the neck)
R jugular trunk/lymphatic duct
enters thoracic duct just before it enters the venous system at the junction of the internal jugular vein and subclavian vein
L jugular trunk
drains left head and neck, left trunk and upper extrem, entire abdomen and lower body
thoracic duct
T/F all lymph must pass through at least one node before entering the venous system
true
drains the right head and neck, right upper extrem and right thorax
R lymphatic duct
branches of the Vagus n (CN X)
- pharyngeal n
- superior laryngeal n (internal and external laryngeal n)
- cardiac plexus n
- recurrent laryngeal n (R loops behind subclavian a, L loops behind the aortic arch)
glossopharyngeal n (CN IX) motor and sensory
motor - stylopharyngeus, parotid gland
sensory - tast (post 1/3 tongue), pharynx, tonsilar sinus, pharyngotympanic tube, middle ear cavity
Vagus n (CN X) motor and sensory
motor - palate, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, heart, GI tract to the left
sensory - pharynx, larynx; reflex for bronchial tree, lungs, heart, GI tract to left
spinal accessory n (CN XI)
motor
SCM, trapezius
hypoglossal n (CN XII) motor
all intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue
what nerve crosses anterior to scalene muscles
phrenic nerve
large ganglion supplies structures of the head via internal carotid plexus, also superior cardiac nerves
superior cervical ganglion (C1-C4)
supplies the thyroid gland and middle cardiac nerve, runs with external carotid artery and its branches thereby effect vasoconstriction
middle cervical ganglion (C5-C6)
fuses with thoracic region to form stellate ganglion, nerves from here run to the heart
inferior cervical ganglion (C7-C8)
lesion of the sympathetic chain pathway will result in
horner’s syndrome
- pupil constriction
- dry face
- vasodilation
- “ptosis syndrome”
brachial plexus - lateral cord
lateral pectoral, musculocutaneous, median
brachial plexus - medial cord
medial pectoral, ulnar, median, medial brachial, medial antebrachial
brachial plexus - posterior cord
axillary, radial, upper subscapular, lower subscapular, thoracodorsal
brachial plexus - supraclavicular branches
- dorsal scapular
- suprascapular
- long thoracic
- n to subclavius
structures within the superior thoracic aperture
- thoracic duct
- vagus nerve
- phrenic nerve
- brachial plexus
- recurrent laryngeal nerve
- subclavian arteries and veins
- common carotid arteries
- sympathetic chain
- apices of the L and R lungs
what is the major artery of the lateral neck
subclavian artery
VIT C sometimes D
subclavian artery branches
- vertebral
- internal thoracic
- thyrocervical trunk
- inferior thyroid
- transverse cervical
- suprascapular
- ascending cervical - costocervical trunk
- supreme intercostal
- deep cervical - dorsal scapular
