Pharynx (1) Flashcards
the pharynx is divided in to these three parts
- nasopharynx (posterior to nose and superior to soft palate)
- oropharynx (posterior to mouth)
- laryngopharynx (posterior to the larynx)
separates the nasal cavity from the nasopharynx
nasal choanae
major contents within the nasopharynx
- opening of auditory tube (eustachian tube)
- pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids)
- pharyngeal recess
- salpingopharyngeal fold and muscle
- torus tubarius
connects nasopharynx and middle ear cavity; opens in the lateral wall of the nasopharynx at the level of the inferior meatus of the nasal cavity
eustachian tube
tubal elevation (cartilaginous wall of the auditory tube)
torus tubaris
small aggregation of lymphoid tissue in the eustachian tube
tubal tonsil
originates from the end of the auditory tube and inserts into the musculature of the pharynx; innervated by the pharyngeal branch of vagus n
salpingopharyngeus muscle
lymphoid tissue embedded in the posterior wall of the nasopharynx; inflamed call adenoids; mouth breather
pharyngeal tonsil
boundaries of the oropharynx
superior - soft palate
inferior - hyoid bone and epiglottis
laterally - palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches/folds/fauces
anteriorly - oral cavity and posterior 1/3 tongue
posteriorly - pharyngeal wall @ C2-C3 vertebrae
epithelium that lines the oropharynx
stratified squamous epithelium
major contents within oropharynx
- palatine tonsils (between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches)
- lingual tonsils (posterior 1/3 tongue)
- palatopharyngeal fold and muscle
overlie the palatoglossus muscles anteriorly on the lateral wall of the orpharynx
palatoglossal folds
overlie the palatopharyngeus muscles posteriorly on the lateral wall of the orpharynx
palatopharyngeal folds
lie between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds on each side
tonsillar fossae (contain palatine tonsil)
what are the major blood suppliers of the palatine tonsils
- ascending pharyngeal a
- ascending palatine branch (facial)
- tonsillar branch (lingual)
- tonsillar branch (facial)
- lesser palatine branch (maxillary)
T/F: any vein that drains the tonsil may be large and be a source of profuse venous hemorrhage after tonsillectomy
true
tonsil at the base of the tongue
lingual tonsil
ring of lymphoid tissue extending around the pharynx providing lymphoid protection
waldeyer’s ring
waldeyer’s ring is composed of these four parts
- pharyngeal tonsil
- tubal tonsils
- palatine tonsils
- lingual tonsil
extends from the base of the tongue to the epiglottis
median glossoepiglottic fold
from lateral walls of the laryngopharynx to the base of the epiglottis
lateral glossoepiglottic fold
in between the median and lateral glossoepiglottic fold
vallecular recess
boundaries of the laryngopharynx
superior - hyoid bone and epiglottis
inferior - esophagus and larynx
anterior - strap muscles
posterior - pharyngeal wall at level of C4-6 vertebrae
what epithelium lines the laryngopharynx
stratified squamous
major contents within the larynogopharynx
- piriform recess
- epiglottis
- laryngeal apparatus
small depressions of the laryngopharyngeal cavity on either side of the laryngeal inlet; injury to internal and recurrent laryngeal nerves which lie deep to the mucous membrane
piriform recess
what are the two layers of pharyngeal muscles
external circular, internal longitudinal
pharyngeal muscles - external circular layer
- superior, middle, and inferior constrictors
pharyngeal muscles - internal longitudinal layer
- palatopharyngeus
- stylopharyngeus
- salpingopharyngeus
name the location where all the constrictor muscles insert
pharyngeal raphe
O I an A of superior constrictor
O - pterygoid plate, pterygomandibular raphe, mandible
I - pharyngeal tubercle, pharyngeal raphe
A - constricts upper part of pharynx in deglutition
O I an A of middle constrictor
O - hyoid bone
I - pharyngeal raphe
A - constricts middle part of pharynx in deglutition
O I an A of inferior constrictor
O - thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage
I - pharyngeal raphe
A - constricts lower part of pharynx in deglutition
content within gap between superior constrictor and cranium
levator veli palatine, tensor veli palatine nerve, pharyngotympanic tube and ascending palatine a
content within gap between superior and middle constrictors
stylopharyngeus, glossopharyngeal nerve, styloid ligament
content within gap between middle and inferior constrictors
internal laryngeal nerve and superior laryngeal a
content within gap between inferior constrictor
recurrent laryngeal nerve and inferior laryngeal a
O I of palatopharyngeus
O - velum (soft palate)
I - pharynx and thyroid cartilage
A - raise pharynx and larynx
O I of salpingopharyngeus
O - auditory tube
I - pharynx
A - raise pharynx and larynx
O I of stylopharyngeus
O - styloid process of temporal bone
I - pharynx and thyroid cartilage
A - raise pharynx
Innervation - glossopharyngeal n
voluntary vs involuntary:
oral phase, pharyngeal phase, esophageal phase
oral phase- voluntary
pharyngeal phase- involuntary
esophageal phase- involuntary
