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Anatomy and Physiology > Tri 2 Exam > Flashcards

Tri 2 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

impulses are transmitted away from neurons using this structure

A

axon

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2
Q

lipid material that insulates axons and helps to speed impulse transmission

A

myelin

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3
Q

root-like structure, brings impulses towards neuron

A

dendrite

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4
Q

neurotransmitters are released from this location for communication with other neurons

A

synaptic knob

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5
Q

uninsulated bare spots on an axon

A

node of ranvier

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6
Q

the smallest neuroglia; phagocytize bacteria and clean up cellular debris

A

microglia

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7
Q

star-shaped cells that regulate concentration of ions; induce synaptic formation

A

astrocyte

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8
Q

cells line the ventricles of the brain; have cilia to move cerebrospinal fluid

A

ependymal cell

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9
Q

detects damage to tissue

A

pain receptor

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10
Q

detects changes in light

A

photo receptors

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11
Q

detects chemical changes

A

chemo receptors

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12
Q

detects changes in temperature

A

thermo receptors

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13
Q

sensations of touch and taste

A

mechanoreceptors

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14
Q

sensations of touch and taste

A

mechanoreceptors

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15
Q

“make us human” sensory, associative, motor and voluntary movements part of brain

A

cerebrum

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16
Q

coordinates voluntary movements; equilibrium and balance

A

cerebellum

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17
Q

homeostasis; links nervous and endocrine systems (pituitary gland)

A

hypothalamus

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18
Q

white matter; the crossover point between left and right hemispheres of the cerebrum

A

corpus callosum

19
Q

involuntary functions; cardiac, respiratory and vasomotor centers

A

medulla oblongata

20
Q

source is pancreas; decreases blood sugar concentration; converts glucose into glycogen in liver; helps sugar enter the body

A

insulin

21
Q

source is anterior pituitary; sustains milk production by the mammary glands AFTER birth of child

A

prolactin

22
Q

source is the pancreas; targets the liver and body cells, increases blood sugar; breaks down glycogen into glucose

A

glucagon

23
Q

source is the adrenal cortex; regulates electrolytes and water balance in kidneys, conserves sodium, excretes potassium ions; regulates blood pressure

A

aldosterone

24
Q

source is anterior pituitary; egg release by ovaries in females (ovulation); sperm production in testes in males; promotes secretion of sex hormones

A

LH

25
Q

source is the posterior pituitary; causes kidneys to conserve water by decreasing urination; helps retain water, caffeine inhibits its production

A

ADH

26
Q

source is the posterior pituitary; causes kidneys to conserve water by decreasing urination; helps retain water, caffeine inhibits its production

A

ADH

27
Q

source is anterior pituitary; maturation of eggs in ovaries, maturation of sperm in males, controls estrogen secretion

A

FSH

28
Q

most numerous of the WBCs; 2-5 lobed nucleus is common

A

neutrophil

29
Q

phagocytizes small foreign particles and bacteria

A

neutrophil

30
Q

“controls” the inflammatory response and allergic reactions

A

eosinophils

31
Q

“triggers” the inflammatory response and allergic reactions

A

basophils

32
Q

phagocytizes large foreign particles, can become a macrophage; largest WBC

A

monocyte

33
Q

specialized WBCs involved with the immune response; last line of defense

A

lymphocyte

34
Q

contain no functioning nucleus but has fragments of a nucleus, makes it appear as though cytoplasmic granules are present, but they are not

A

platelets

35
Q

medium in size most numerous (Blood cell type_

A

RBC

36
Q

fights infection

A

WBC

37
Q

oxygen rich blood enters the heart in this chamber

A

left atrium

38
Q

oxygen poor blood enters the heart in this chamber

A

right atrium

39
Q

oxygen rich blood exits this chamber of heart

A

left ventricle

40
Q

oxygen poor blood exits this chamber of the heart

A

right ventricle

41
Q

keeps blood moving in correct direction from the left atrium to left ventricle; prevents backflow

A

bicuspid valve

42
Q

prevents blood flowing backwards from right ventricle to right atrium

A

tricuspid valve

43
Q

carries oxygen rich blood from lungs to heart

A

pulmonary vein

44
Q

carries oxygen poor blood from heart to lungs

A

pulmonary artery

Anatomy and Physiology (12 decks)

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