Tri 2 Exam Flashcards
impulses are transmitted away from neurons using this structure
axon
lipid material that insulates axons and helps to speed impulse transmission
myelin
root-like structure, brings impulses towards neuron
dendrite
neurotransmitters are released from this location for communication with other neurons
synaptic knob
uninsulated bare spots on an axon
node of ranvier
the smallest neuroglia; phagocytize bacteria and clean up cellular debris
microglia
star-shaped cells that regulate concentration of ions; induce synaptic formation
astrocyte
cells line the ventricles of the brain; have cilia to move cerebrospinal fluid
ependymal cell
detects damage to tissue
pain receptor
detects changes in light
photo receptors
detects chemical changes
chemo receptors
detects changes in temperature
thermo receptors
sensations of touch and taste
mechanoreceptors
sensations of touch and taste
mechanoreceptors
“make us human” sensory, associative, motor and voluntary movements part of brain
cerebrum
coordinates voluntary movements; equilibrium and balance
cerebellum
homeostasis; links nervous and endocrine systems (pituitary gland)
hypothalamus
white matter; the crossover point between left and right hemispheres of the cerebrum
corpus callosum
involuntary functions; cardiac, respiratory and vasomotor centers
medulla oblongata
source is pancreas; decreases blood sugar concentration; converts glucose into glycogen in liver; helps sugar enter the body
insulin
source is anterior pituitary; sustains milk production by the mammary glands AFTER birth of child
prolactin
source is the pancreas; targets the liver and body cells, increases blood sugar; breaks down glycogen into glucose
glucagon
source is the adrenal cortex; regulates electrolytes and water balance in kidneys, conserves sodium, excretes potassium ions; regulates blood pressure
aldosterone
source is anterior pituitary; egg release by ovaries in females (ovulation); sperm production in testes in males; promotes secretion of sex hormones
LH
source is the posterior pituitary; causes kidneys to conserve water by decreasing urination; helps retain water, caffeine inhibits its production
ADH
source is the posterior pituitary; causes kidneys to conserve water by decreasing urination; helps retain water, caffeine inhibits its production
ADH
source is anterior pituitary; maturation of eggs in ovaries, maturation of sperm in males, controls estrogen secretion
FSH
most numerous of the WBCs; 2-5 lobed nucleus is common
neutrophil
phagocytizes small foreign particles and bacteria
neutrophil
“controls” the inflammatory response and allergic reactions
eosinophils
“triggers” the inflammatory response and allergic reactions
basophils
phagocytizes large foreign particles, can become a macrophage; largest WBC
monocyte
specialized WBCs involved with the immune response; last line of defense
lymphocyte
contain no functioning nucleus but has fragments of a nucleus, makes it appear as though cytoplasmic granules are present, but they are not
platelets
medium in size most numerous (Blood cell type_
RBC
fights infection
WBC
oxygen rich blood enters the heart in this chamber
left atrium
oxygen poor blood enters the heart in this chamber
right atrium
oxygen rich blood exits this chamber of heart
left ventricle
oxygen poor blood exits this chamber of the heart
right ventricle
keeps blood moving in correct direction from the left atrium to left ventricle; prevents backflow
bicuspid valve
prevents blood flowing backwards from right ventricle to right atrium
tricuspid valve
carries oxygen rich blood from lungs to heart
pulmonary vein
carries oxygen poor blood from heart to lungs
pulmonary artery
