Trends in the Periodic Table

Question 1

Periodic

Answer 1

certain intervals of atomic number there occur elements of very similar chemical and physical properties.

Question 2

Period Table

Answer 2

arrangement of known elements organised in a way that highlights the periodic nature of their repeating properties

Question 3

Arrangement

Answer 3

left to right: increasing atomic number

up and down: similar chemical characteristics

Question 4

Periods

Answer 4

Horizontal rows

Question 5

Groups

Answer 5

Vertical rows

Question 6

Change from left to right

Answer 6

gradual change from metals to non-metals

Question 7

Top to bottom down any group

Answer 7

chemical and physical properties tend to remain similar though increasing in metallic nature

Question 8

Halogens

Answer 8

Group 17.
Quite reactive non-metal elements.
Produce ionic compounds

Question 9

Noble Gases

Answer 9

Group 18.
Non-metal gases
Have low chemical reactivity

Question 10

Alkali metals

Answer 10

Group 1.
Soft low melting points
react vigorously with water and acids to produce hydrogen gas
ionic

Question 11

Alkali earth metals

Answer 11

Group 2.
Metals that react strongly with acids producing hydrogen gas.
react with water producing metal hydrogen and hydrogen gas
ionic

Question 12

Metal

Answer 12

good conductors of electricity
good conductors of heat
malleable and ductile
shiny
solids at room temp (except mercury)

Question 13

Non-metal

Answer 13

poor electrical and heat conductivity
gases at room temp
those that are solid are brittle

Question 14

quantum mechanical model

Answer 14

explains repeating chemical behaviour by relating element’s chemical and physical properties to the number of electrons it has

Question 15

electron configuration

Answer 15

shows shells (of an atom or ion) containing electrons and the number of electrons in each of those shells
2,8,8,2

Question 16

Valance electrons

Answer 16

electrons in outer most shell

all elements in any given group have same #

Question 17

Lewis structure

Answer 17

for an atom or ion shows one dot for each valence electron

Question 18

Core electrons

Answer 18

electrons in shells below valance electrons

Question 19

Electron configuration and ion formation

Answer 19

gain or lose electrons to meet octet rule

Question 20

Atomic radius

Answer 20

A.R. of the elements increases down any group of the periodic table (due to higher shell number)
A.R. of the elements decreases across any period (due to increasing nuclear charge - increasing attraction of electrons)

Question 21

Ionisation energy

Answer 21

a measure of hoe strongly an atom holds onto its electrons
affects elements tendency to form pos or neg ions
decreases with increasing atomic radius

Question 22

First ionisation energy

Answer 22

minimum amount of energy needed to remove the single most loosely bound electron

Question 23

factors for ionisation

Answer 23

atom’s nuclear charge:
greater nuclear charge - electrons are more strongly attached to nucleus
distance between nucleus and electron:
as A.R. increases, attraction between nucleus and electrons decrease.
shielding inner electrons

Question 24

Electronegativity

Answer 24

the ability of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons to itself
NON-METALS: high (gains electrons to form ions)
METALS: low (loses electrons to form ions)
left and right: increases
vertically: decreases

Question 25

Valance Electrons and Bonding Capacity

Answer 25

strong relationship between the element’s group number and its ionic bonding capacity
strong relationship between an element’s covalent bonding capacity and its group number

Question 26

Metallic properties

Answer 26

low ionisation energy is essential if atoms want to form positive ions required for the metallic structure (unique physical properties)
only found on left or P.T. bc I.E are lower
I.E. decrease down group element’s metallic properties increase

Question 27

Metallic - reducing agents

Answer 27

lose electrons and become oxidised when reacting with substances like acids, oxygen and water
associated with low ionisation energy

Question 28

Non-metal properties

Answer 28

high hardness, brittleness, high melting and boiling points and semi conducting and non electrical conductivity.

Question 29

Upper right of P.T

Answer 29

highest ionisation, highest electronagtivity, most valance electrons

Question 30

diatomic molecules

Answer 30

composed of only two atoms, of either the same or different chemical elements

Question 31

monatomic gases

Answer 31

one in which atoms are not bound to each other

Question 32

Spectral Analysis

Answer 32

energy levels different for each element
line spectrum/emission spectrum - atomic fingerprint
energy absorbed/released is unique