Trematodes

Question 1

What are the 2 groups of Trematodes (Flukes)?

Answer 1

1) Tissue Flukes - infects lungs and bile ducts
- Paragonimus westermani = lung fluke
- Clonorchis sinensis and Fasciola hepatica = liver flukes
2) Blood Flukes - inhabit the blood
- Schistosoma

Question 2

What is Schistosoma’s life cycle?

Answer 2

-Life Cycle: -Diagnostic stage = eggs released from
urine/stool
-Infective stage = snails release cercariae into
human’s skin

Question 3

What are the symptoms of Schistosomiasis?

Answer 3

-Symptoms: Skin = dermatitis
GI =abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea
Urogenital = cystitis and urethritis

Question 4

Diagnosis of Schistosomiasis? Treatment? Prevention?

Answer 4

• Diagnosis: eggs in urine/stool; Porcelain bladder
• Treatment: Praziquantel
• Prevention: Avoid swimming around snails

Question 5

What is Fasciolopsis buski’s (Giant intestinal fluke) life cycle?

Answer 5

-Life Cycle: -Diagnostic stage = immature eggs released
from intestine/stool
-Infective stage = snails release metacercariae
onto aquatic plants which humans consume

Question 6

What are the symptoms of Fasciolopsis buski? Diagnosis? Prevention? Treatment?

Answer 6

-Symptoms: epigastic pain, nausea, diarrhea, edema, ascitis
-Diagnosis: history of consuming uncooked water chestnuts; eggs in stool
Prevention: avoid consuming uncooked water chestnuts
Treatment: Praziquantel

Question 7

What is Fasciola hepatica’s life cycle?

Answer 7

-Life Cycle: -Diagnostic stage = Fasciola eggs released
from intestines/stool
-Infective stage = snails release metacercariae
onto aquatic plants which humans consume

Question 8

What are the symptoms of Fasciola hepatica? Diagnosis? Prevention? Treatment?

Answer 8

• Symptoms: fever and chills, eosinophilia, hepatitis, hyperplasia and blockage of bile duct
• Diagnosis: history of consuming uncooked watercress, eggs in stool
• Prevention: avoid consuming uncooked watercress
• Treatment: RESISTANT to Praziquantel; use Triclabendazole

Question 9

What is Opisthorchis (Clonorchis) sinensis’ (Chinese liver fluke) life cycle?

Answer 9

-Life cycle: Diagnostic stage = eggs released from bile
duct/stool
Infective Stage = Ingestion of undercooked
freshwater fish

Question 10

What are the symptoms of Opisthorchis sinensis? Diagnosis? Prevention? Treatment?

Answer 10

• Symptoms: liver necrosis, tenderness, and dysfunction, hepatomegaly, and jaundice
• Diagnosis:history of consuming undercooked fish, eggs in stool
• Prevention: avoid consuming undercooked fish
• Treatment: Praziquantel

Question 11

What is Paragonimus westermani’s life cycle?

Answer 11

-Life Cycle: Diagnostic stage = eggs released from 
                    sputum or stool
                   Infective stage = consumption of undercooked 
                   freshwater crab (shellfish)

Question 12

What are the symptoms of Paragonimus westermani? Diagnosis? Prevention? Treatment?

Answer 12

• Symptoms: dry cough, pleurisy, rusty-brown sputum, epilepsy if migrates to brain
• Diagnosis: history of consuming undercooked crab, eggs in sputum/stool
• Prevention: avoid undercooked crab
• Treatment: Praziquantel

Question 13

What food group is related to Paragonimus westermani?

Answer 13

Crab/shellfish

Question 14

What food group is related to Fasciolopsis buski?

Answer 14

Water chestnuts

Question 15

What food group is related to Fasciola hepatica?

Answer 15

Watercress

Question 16

What food group is related to Opsithorchis (Clonorchis) sinensis?

Answer 16

Freshwater fish