- Bisexual - Highly branched reproductive organs - Paragonimus westermani - Fasciola hepatica - Clonorchis sinensis - Fasciolopsis buski - Heterphyes heterophyes - Metagonimus yokagawai

Trematodes Flashcards by Kimberly Meinecke

Trematodes Adult Worms

Usually flat
Elongated
Leaf shaped
Two cup-shaped muscular suckers
Oral sucker
Ventral sucker used for attachment

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Hermaphroditic Fluke

Bisexual
Highly branched reproductive organs
Paragonimus westermani
Fasciola hepatica
Clonorchis sinensis
Fasciolopsis buski
Heterphyes heterophyes
Metagonimus yokagawai

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Unisexual Adult Worms

Both male and female
Schistosoma mansoni
Schistosoma japonicum
Schistosoma haemtobium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Trematodes Life Cycle

1) Adult lives in specific organs or blood
2) Eggs are found in particular specimen depending on species
3) Eggs contaminate environment
4) Eggs contain larvae (mirachidium)
5) Mirachidium infects specific snail species
6) Mirachidium forms sporocyst, which then develops into cercariae
7) Cercariae are free swimming

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sites Eggs are found

1) Sputum - lung fluke (P. westermani)
2) Feces - intestines (S. mansoni, S. japonicum, F. buski, H. heterophyes, F. hepatica, C. sinensis)
3) Urine - bladder (S. haematobium)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cercariae pathways

1) Schistosomes (species found in blood)
- Cercariae emerge from snail and penetrate skin of humans
2) In F. buski and F. hepatica
- Encyst attaches to water plants and eaten by humans
3) H. heterophyes, C. sinensus, & P. westermani
- Enters the second intermediate host (fish or crabs) which is eaten by humans

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Trematodes Pathology

Lesions which depend upon location, number of adult worms, and effect eggs and metabolic products have on host

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Paragonimus westermani Distribution

Found in far east
Japan, China, Micronesia, New Guinea, Korea, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, India, and Philippines

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Paragonimus westermani Symptoms

Chest pain
Cough
Blood tinged sputum (appears pepper-like and blood streaked)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Paragonimus westermani Adult

Encyst in the lung
Frequently in pairs
1 mm x 5 mm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Paragonimus westermani Egg

85 x 55 mm
Terminal shell thickening
Shouldered operculum
Operculum has rim

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fasciola hepatica Distribution

Sheep and cattle-raising countries

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fasciola hepatica Symptoms

Causes liver cirrhosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fasiola hepatica Adult

35 mm x 15 mm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fasiola hepatica Egg

150 x 90 um
Operculated

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Clonorchis sinesis Distribution

Found in far east
Japan, Korea, Vietnam, and China

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cloronochis sinesis Symptoms

Inflammatory changes
Feeding of adult in biliary passages
Jaundice due to bile duct pathology
Diarrhea
Abdominal pain

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Clonorchis sinesis Adult

Measures 19 mm x 3.5 mm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Clonorchis sinesis Egg

30 um x 16 um
Small terminal knob
Thickened rim around operculum - “shouldered operculum”

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Clonorchis sinesis Diagnostic Stage

Egg in stool

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fasciolopsis buski Distribution

China, India, Vietnam, and Thailand

Fasciolopsis buski Adult

20-30 mm x 10 mm

Fasciolopsis buski Pathology

Mucosal ulcers
Pain
Nausea
Diarrhea

Fasciolopsis buski Egg

Same as F. hepatica
Cannot differentiate between the two

Fasciolopsis buski Infectious Stage

Ingestion of water chestnuts contaminated with metacercaria

Fasciolopsis buski Diagnostic Stage

Egg in stool

Schistosoma japonicum Distribution

Far East

Schistosoma japonicum Common Name

Oriental Blood Fluke

Schistosoma japonicum Pathology

- Granuloma of liver or intestines - Cirrhosis - Most pathogenic

Schistosoma japonicum Egg

80 x 60 um Small indistinguishable lateral spine

Schistosoma japonicum Diagnostic Stage

Egg in stool

Schistosoma mansoni Distribution

Africa, Middle East, and South America

Schistosoma mansoni Pathology

Bilharzia Granuloma of liver, intestines, and bladder May cause cirrhosis

Schistosoma mansoni Egg

160 um x 80 um Prominent lateral spine

Schistosoma mansoni Diagnostic Stage

Egg in stool

Schistosoma haematobium Distribution

Nile River Valley, African, Middle East

Schistosoma haematobium Pathology

Squamous cell carcinoma of bladder

Schistosoma haematobium Egg

160 um x 80 um Terminal spine

Schistosoma haematobium Diagnostic Stage

Eggs in urine

Schistosoma dermatitis Distribution

Cosmopolitan

Schistosoma dermatitis Pathology

Dermatitis (inflammation and localized edema)

Schistosoma dermatitis Infectious Stage

Cercariae penetration of skin

Schistosoma dermatitis Diagnostic Stage

Rash after swimming

Schistosoma dermatitis Common Name

Swimmer's Itch Clam Digger's Itch Whirl Pool Dermatitis

Paragonimus westermani Common Name

Oriental Lung Fluke

Paragonimus westermani Infectious Stage

Ingesting raw crayfish with metacercariae

Paragonimus westermani Diagnostic Stage

Eggs in sputum

Fasciola hepatica Common Name

Sheep Liver Fluke

Fasciola hepatica Infectious Stage

Ingesting watercress contaminated with metacercariae

Fasciola hepatica Diagnostic Stage

Egg in stool Travel history

Clonorchis sinesis Common Name

Chinese Liver Fluke

Clonorchis sinesis Infectious Stage

Ingesting under cooked fresh water fish contaminated with metacercariae