Blood and Tissue Protozoa Flashcards
1
Q
Plasmodium falciparum location
A
Species found primarily in tropics
2
Q
Plasmodium vivax Cycle time
A
48 hours
3
Q
Plasmodium vivax infects
A
young (enlarged) RBCs
4
Q
Plasmodium vivax Schuffner’s Dots Time
A
8-10 hours after infection
5
Q
Plasmodium vivax Mature Schizonts
A
12-24 merozoites
6
Q
Plasmodium vivax Ring
A
Delicate
7
Q
Plasmodium vivax location
A
Worldwide
Most common
8
Q
Plasmodium malariae Cycle Time
A
72 hour cycle
9
Q
Plasmodium malariae Infects
A
Old (normal sized) RBCs
10
Q
Plasmodium malariae Stippling
A
No
11
Q
Plasmodium malariae Mature Schizont
A
6-12 merozoites
12
Q
Plasmodium malariae Ring
A
Think ring, large nucleus
13
Q
Plasmodium vivax trophozoite
A
Very ameboid
14
Q
Plasmodium malariae trophozoite
A
Form “bands”
15
Q
Plasmodium malariae location
A
Africa and Phillipines
16
Q
Plasmodium ovale Cycle Time
A
48 hours
17
Q
Plasmodium ovale Infects
A
Young (enlarged) RBCS
18
Q
Plasmodium ovale Schuffner dots
A
Appear in the beginning
19
Q
Plasmodium ovale ring
A
Smaller than P. vivax
20
Q
Plasmodium ovale Mature Schizonts
A
~8 merozoites
21
Q
Plasmodium ovale Other Info
A
Fimbriated edges (oval) RBCs
20% need to be oval to be called ovale
Rare cause of infection
Least harmful
22
Q
Plasmodium falciparum Cycle Time
A
36-38 hours
23
Q
Plasmodium falciparum Infects
A
Any aged and all sizes of RBCs
24
Q
Plasmodium falciparum Schuffner’s dots
A
None
Maurer’s Dots Instead
25
Plasmodium falciparum rings
Delicate rings
May have two dots
26
Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes
Crescent shaped
BANANA!!!
27
Plasmodium falciparum Other Info
30% mortality rate
28
Symptoms of Plasmodium
Acute or Chronic
Anemia
Splenomegaly
Jaundice
Paroxysms
Chills that last 1-2 hours followed by fever spike
Sweats and chills
29
Plasmodium species
P. vivax
P. falciparum
P. malariae
P. ovale
30
Plasmodium vivax and falciparum
Cause 95% of cases
31
Vector for Plasmodium species
Anopheles mosquito
32
Plasmodium vivax frequency
Most common
33
Plasmodium malariae location
Distributed sporadically
34
Plasmodium ovale location
Only in West Africa and South Pacific
35
Plasmodium knowlesi Cycle Time
24 hours
36
Plasmodium knowlesi Infects
Any aged and all sizes of RBCs
37
Plasmodium knowlesi Schuffner's dots
None
38
Diagnosis of Plasmodium
Thick and Thin Smears
39
Plasmodium Thick Smear
Spreading drop usually on one end of glass about size of dime
Dry 6-8 hours
Wash with reagent Grade Water
40
Plasmodium Thin Smear
Regular blood film taken right before fever spike
Wright's Stain
41
Babesia species Infects
RBCs
42
Babesia Early form
Contain little cytoplasm with small nucleus
42
Babesia species Appearance
Ring-like structures
Early form and Mature Form
43
Babesia Mature forms
May have two or more chromatid dots
"Maltese Cross"
44
Babesia Pathology
Splenectomy makes this worse as splee is necessary to remove organism
Malaise
Fever
Chills
Sweating
Fatigue
Weakness
Enlarged liver and spleen
Jaundice
Diarrhea
45
Babesia Diagnosis
Thick and Thin smears
Hard to find due to low numbers
May inoculate hamster or gerbil for better detection
46
Babesia Treatment
Manage with supportive care
May use chloroquinine phosphate
47
Trypanosoma gambiense common name
West African Sleeping Sickness
48
Trypanosoma gambiense Vector
Bite of tsetse fly
49
Trapnaosoma gambiense pathology
Chronic disease with CNS after several years
50
Trypansoma rhodiesiense common name
East African Sleeping Sickness
51
Trypanosoma rhodiesiense Vector
Bite of tsetse fly
52
Trypanosoma rhodiesiense pathology
Acute fulminating course
Rapidly fatal
MOST SEVERE FORM
53
Trypanosome Diagnosis
Impossible to tell the two species apart
Based on geographic locale and severity of disease
Organisms are very infections
54
Trypanosoma cruzi common name
Chagas disease
American trypanosomiasis
55
Trypanosoma cruzi Vector
Reduviid bug (kissing bug)
56
Trypanosoma cruzi location
Found in Brazil and South America
57
Trypanosoma cruzi pathology
Predilection for heart tissue
1) Inflammatory process with histiocytes
2) Fibriotic encapsulation occurs at site of infection (CHAGOMA)
3) Initial infection is often asymptomatic. May present with lesions, fever, myocarditis, etc
58
Three phases of Sleeping Sickness
1) Appear in blood stream
2) Carried by lymph to other parts of the body. Causes fever with swelling of cervical lymph nodes, headache, neuralgic pain, weakness, anemia, and disturbed vision
3) CNS is invaded, severe headache, mental dullness, apathy, shuffling gait, sleeping
59
Chronic Trypanosoma cruzi
May lead to cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure or arrhythmias
60
Diagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi
Demonstrate leishmanial amastigote from tissue
Raise kissing bugs, bite infected, look for crithidial and leptomonad forms
Serological tests detecting antibodies
61
Leismaniasis tropica Vector
Sand fly bite
62
Leishmaniasis tropica location
Old Work
Mediterranean, Asia, Africa, and Central America
63
Leishmaniasis tropica Pathology
Ulceration on body surface
Lesion is self healing but produces scars
64
Leishmaniasis tropica Diagnosis
Swab of ulceration
65
Leishmania braziliensis Vector
Sand fly bite
66
Leishmania braziliensis location
New World
Central and South America, Mexico and Paraguay, and Northern Argentina
67
Leishmania braziliensis Pathology
Lives in tissue cells and likes mucus membranes around nose
Self healing ulcer that causes disfigurement of nose and ears
68
Leishmania braziliensis diagnosis
Look for form in monocytes
69
Toxoplasma gondii trophozoite
Associated with acute phase of infection
70
Toxoplasma gondii cysts
Found in muscle and brain
71
Toxoplasma gondii Pathology
Most cases are asymptomatic and benign
Range from mild to severe, chills, fever, headache, myalgia, lymphadenitis, and extreme fatigue
72
Toxoplasma gondii Diagnosis
Serological testing
ELISA
73
Pneumocystits jirovecii trophozoites
5 um
Ameboid
74
Pneumocystits jirovecii cysts
4-7 um
Contain 8 trophozoites
75
Pneumocystits jirovecii Pathology
Interstitial plasma-cell pneumonia
76
Pneumocystits jirovecii Diagnosis
Lung biopsies or foamy exudate in alveolar spaces
SPUTUM NOT ACCEPTED
77
Pneumocystits jirovecii location
Found in nature as saprophyte
Ascosporogenous fungus
78
Babesia species
Maltese Cross
79
Leishmania braziliensis
80
Leishmania tropica
81
Toxoplasma gondii
82
Trypanosoma African Sleeping sickness
83
Trypanosoma cruzi
Chaga's disease
84
Pneumocystits jirovecii
