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Parasitology > Blood and Tissue Protozoa > Flashcards

Blood and Tissue Protozoa Flashcards

1
Q

Plasmodium falciparum location

A

Species found primarily in tropics

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2
Q

Plasmodium vivax Cycle time

A

48 hours

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3
Q

Plasmodium vivax infects

A

young (enlarged) RBCs

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4
Q

Plasmodium vivax Schuffner’s Dots Time

A

8-10 hours after infection

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5
Q

Plasmodium vivax Mature Schizonts

A

12-24 merozoites

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6
Q

Plasmodium vivax Ring

A

Delicate

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7
Q

Plasmodium vivax location

A

Worldwide
Most common

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8
Q

Plasmodium malariae Cycle Time

A

72 hour cycle

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9
Q

Plasmodium malariae Infects

A

Old (normal sized) RBCs

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10
Q

Plasmodium malariae Stippling

A

No

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11
Q

Plasmodium malariae Mature Schizont

A

6-12 merozoites

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12
Q

Plasmodium malariae Ring

A

Think ring, large nucleus

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13
Q

Plasmodium vivax trophozoite

A

Very ameboid

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14
Q

Plasmodium malariae trophozoite

A

Form “bands”

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15
Q

Plasmodium malariae location

A

Africa and Phillipines

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16
Q

Plasmodium ovale Cycle Time

A

48 hours

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17
Q

Plasmodium ovale Infects

A

Young (enlarged) RBCS

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18
Q

Plasmodium ovale Schuffner dots

A

Appear in the beginning

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19
Q

Plasmodium ovale ring

A

Smaller than P. vivax

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20
Q

Plasmodium ovale Mature Schizonts

A

~8 merozoites

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21
Q

Plasmodium ovale Other Info

A

Fimbriated edges (oval) RBCs
20% need to be oval to be called ovale
Rare cause of infection
Least harmful

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22
Q

Plasmodium falciparum Cycle Time

A

36-38 hours

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23
Q

Plasmodium falciparum Infects

A

Any aged and all sizes of RBCs

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24
Q

Plasmodium falciparum Schuffner’s dots

A

None
Maurer’s Dots Instead

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25
Q

Plasmodium falciparum rings

A

Delicate rings
May have two dots

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26
Q

Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes

A

Crescent shaped
BANANA!!!

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27
Q

Plasmodium falciparum Other Info

A

30% mortality rate

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28
Q

Symptoms of Plasmodium

A

Acute or Chronic
Anemia
Splenomegaly
Jaundice
Paroxysms
Chills that last 1-2 hours followed by fever spike
Sweats and chills

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29
Q

Plasmodium species

A

P. vivax
P. falciparum
P. malariae
P. ovale

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30
Q

Plasmodium vivax and falciparum

A

Cause 95% of cases

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31
Q

Vector for Plasmodium species

A

Anopheles mosquito

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32
Q

Plasmodium vivax frequency

A

Most common

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33
Q

Plasmodium malariae location

A

Distributed sporadically

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34
Q

Plasmodium ovale location

A

Only in West Africa and South Pacific

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35
Q

Plasmodium knowlesi Cycle Time

A

24 hours

36
Q

Plasmodium knowlesi Infects

A

Any aged and all sizes of RBCs

37
Q

Plasmodium knowlesi Schuffner’s dots

A

None

38
Q

Diagnosis of Plasmodium

A

Thick and Thin Smears

39
Q

Plasmodium Thick Smear

A

Spreading drop usually on one end of glass about size of dime
Dry 6-8 hours
Wash with reagent Grade Water

40
Q

Plasmodium Thin Smear

A

Regular blood film taken right before fever spike
Wright’s Stain

41
Q

Babesia species Infects

A

RBCs

42
Q

Babesia Early form

A

Contain little cytoplasm with small nucleus

42
Q

Babesia species Appearance

A

Ring-like structures
Early form and Mature Form

43
Q

Babesia Mature forms

A

May have two or more chromatid dots
“Maltese Cross”

44
Q

Babesia Pathology

A

Splenectomy makes this worse as splee is necessary to remove organism
Malaise
Fever
Chills
Sweating
Fatigue
Weakness
Enlarged liver and spleen
Jaundice
Diarrhea

45
Q

Babesia Diagnosis

A

Thick and Thin smears
Hard to find due to low numbers
May inoculate hamster or gerbil for better detection

46
Q

Babesia Treatment

A

Manage with supportive care
May use chloroquinine phosphate

47
Q

Trypanosoma gambiense common name

A

West African Sleeping Sickness

48
Q

Trypanosoma gambiense Vector

A

Bite of tsetse fly

49
Q

Trapnaosoma gambiense pathology

A

Chronic disease with CNS after several years

50
Q

Trypansoma rhodiesiense common name

A

East African Sleeping Sickness

51
Q

Trypanosoma rhodiesiense Vector

A

Bite of tsetse fly

52
Q

Trypanosoma rhodiesiense pathology

A

Acute fulminating course
Rapidly fatal
MOST SEVERE FORM

53
Q

Trypanosome Diagnosis

A

Impossible to tell the two species apart
Based on geographic locale and severity of disease
Organisms are very infections

54
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi common name

A

Chagas disease
American trypanosomiasis

55
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi Vector

A

Reduviid bug (kissing bug)

56
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi location

A

Found in Brazil and South America

57
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi pathology

A

Predilection for heart tissue
1) Inflammatory process with histiocytes
2) Fibriotic encapsulation occurs at site of infection (CHAGOMA)
3) Initial infection is often asymptomatic. May present with lesions, fever, myocarditis, etc

58
Q

Three phases of Sleeping Sickness

A

1) Appear in blood stream
2) Carried by lymph to other parts of the body. Causes fever with swelling of cervical lymph nodes, headache, neuralgic pain, weakness, anemia, and disturbed vision
3) CNS is invaded, severe headache, mental dullness, apathy, shuffling gait, sleeping

59
Q

Chronic Trypanosoma cruzi

A

May lead to cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure or arrhythmias

60
Q

Diagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi

A

Demonstrate leishmanial amastigote from tissue
Raise kissing bugs, bite infected, look for crithidial and leptomonad forms
Serological tests detecting antibodies

61
Q

Leismaniasis tropica Vector

A

Sand fly bite

62
Q

Leishmaniasis tropica location

A

Old Work
Mediterranean, Asia, Africa, and Central America

63
Q

Leishmaniasis tropica Pathology

A

Ulceration on body surface
Lesion is self healing but produces scars

64
Q

Leishmaniasis tropica Diagnosis

A

Swab of ulceration

65
Q

Leishmania braziliensis Vector

A

Sand fly bite

66
Q

Leishmania braziliensis location

A

New World
Central and South America, Mexico and Paraguay, and Northern Argentina

67
Q

Leishmania braziliensis Pathology

A

Lives in tissue cells and likes mucus membranes around nose
Self healing ulcer that causes disfigurement of nose and ears

68
Q

Leishmania braziliensis diagnosis

A

Look for form in monocytes

69
Q

Toxoplasma gondii trophozoite

A

Associated with acute phase of infection

70
Q

Toxoplasma gondii cysts

A

Found in muscle and brain

71
Q

Toxoplasma gondii Pathology

A

Most cases are asymptomatic and benign
Range from mild to severe, chills, fever, headache, myalgia, lymphadenitis, and extreme fatigue

72
Q

Toxoplasma gondii Diagnosis

A

Serological testing
ELISA

73
Q

Pneumocystits jirovecii trophozoites

A

5 um
Ameboid

74
Q

Pneumocystits jirovecii cysts

A

4-7 um
Contain 8 trophozoites

75
Q

Pneumocystits jirovecii Pathology

A

Interstitial plasma-cell pneumonia

76
Q

Pneumocystits jirovecii Diagnosis

A

Lung biopsies or foamy exudate in alveolar spaces
SPUTUM NOT ACCEPTED

77
Q

Pneumocystits jirovecii location

A

Found in nature as saprophyte
Ascosporogenous fungus

78
Q
A

Babesia species
Maltese Cross

79
Q
A

Leishmania braziliensis

80
Q
A

Leishmania tropica

81
Q
A

Toxoplasma gondii

82
Q
A

Trypanosoma African Sleeping sickness

83
Q
A

Trypanosoma cruzi
Chaga’s disease

84
Q
A

Pneumocystits jirovecii

Parasitology (8 decks)

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