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Parasitology > Intestinal Protozoa > Flashcards

Intestinal Protozoa Flashcards

1
Q

Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite

A

10-60 um
Finely granular cytoplasm with ingested RBCs
Nucleus has central karyosome
Pseudopods are rapid and unidirectional motility (progressive)
Fragile

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2
Q
A

Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite

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3
Q

Entamoeba histolytica cyst

A

10-20 um
Infective form
Finely granular, slightly vacuolated cytoplasm
Cysts can have up to four nuclei
Nucleus has central karyosome
Chromatoidal bars (if present) have rounded ends
Resistant to environmental conditions and remain viable for 8 days

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4
Q
A

Entamoeba histolytica cyst

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5
Q

Entamoeba histolytica Pathology

A

Asymptomatic large number of individuals are infected with no clinical symptoms

Intestinal disease by invading the intestinal mucosa
Hepatic disease by invading liver and causing amebic ulcers
Severe dysentery due to invasion of the intestinal mucosa by parasite

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6
Q

Entamoeba histolytica Diagnosis

A

Direct preps (look for motile trophs)
Stool concentrations (look for cysts)
Permanent stain is most important test

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7
Q

Entamoeba dispar

A

Noninvasive strain of E. histolytica
Cysts and trophozoites are indistinguishable from pathogenic E. histolytica

Does NOT ingest RBCs
Does NOT cause symptomatic disease

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8
Q

Entamoeba coli trophozoite

A

15-50 um
Vacuolated, “junky” cytoplasm with ingested bacteria and debris
Single nucleus with large, eccentric karyosome
Broad, short pseudopods with sluggish, nonprogressive motility

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8
Q
A

Entamoeba coli trophozoite

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9
Q

Entamoeba coli cyst

A

10-35 um
Coarsely granular, vacuolated cytoplasm
Up to 8 nuclei with eccentric karyosome
Chromatoidal bars (if present) have splintered stick-like ends
Occasionally have a glycogen mass

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10
Q
A

Entamoeba coli cyst

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11
Q

Entamoeba coli Pathology

A

Usually nonpathogenic

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12
Q

Entamoeba coli Diagnosis

A

Permanent stained smear (Trichome)
Always count the number of nuclei and look at karyosome

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13
Q

Entamoeba hartmanni trophozoite

A

4-12 um
Finely granular cystoplasm
Single nucleus with centrally located karyosome
Less motile than E. histolytica

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14
Q
A

Entamoeba hartmanni trophozoite

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15
Q

Entamoeba hartmanni cyst

A

5-10 um - measure organism to differentiate from E. histolytica
Finely granular cytoplasm
Up to four nuclei with centrally located karyosome
Chromatoidal bars with smooth ends, smaller and more numerous

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16
Q
A

Entamoeba hartmanni cyst

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17
Q

Entamoeba hartmanni Pathology

A

Nonpathogenic

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18
Q

Entamoeba hartmanni Diagnosis

A

Permanent stained smear - check size (very important)

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19
Q

Endolimax nana trophozoite

A

6-12 um
Single nucleus with large blot-like karyosome (ball in socket)
Cytoplasm may have small vacuoles with ingested debris or bacteria
Motility sluggish and nonprogressive with blunt, hyaline pseudopods

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20
Q
A

Endolimax nana trophozoite

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21
Q

Endolimax nana cyst

A

5-10 um (occasionally as large as 14 um)
Oval to round in shape
Up to four nuclei with no peripheral chromatin
Found in same specimen as trophozoite

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22
Q
A

Endolimax nana cyst

23
Q

Endolimax nana Pathology

A

Nonpathogenic

24
Q

Endolimax nana Diagnosis

A

Permanent stained smear (organism is very small)
Wet prep with four nuclear karyosomes will appear very refractile

25
Q

Iodamoeba butschlii trophozoite

A

8-20 um, average 6-12 um
Cytoplasm granular with numerous vacuoles, ingested bacteria and debris
Single nucleus with large central or eccentric karyosome

26
Q
A

Iodamoeba butschlii trophozoite

27
Q

Iodamoeba butschlii cyst

A

5-20 um, average 10 um
Round or oval
Large glycogen vacuole in cytoplasm that stains with iodine
Single nucleus with large, irregular karyosome
Chromatin granules fan out around karyosome “basket” nucleus

28
Q
A

Iodamoeba butschlii cyst

29
Q

Iodamoeba butschlii Pathology

A

Nonpathogenic

30
Q

Iodamoeba butschlii Diagnosis

A

Wet prep with iodine (detect cysts with glycogen)
Permanent stained smear (Trichome)

31
Q

Entamoeba gingivalis trophozoite

A

5-20 um, average 10-15 um
Multiple pseudopods
Single nucleus with central karyosome
Finely granular cytoplasm
Ingested WBC (only species that does)

32
Q
A

Entamoeba gingivalis trophozoite

33
Q

Entamoeba gingivalis Pathology

A

Usually Nonpathogenic
Found in conjunction with periodontal disease

34
Q

Entamoeba gingivalis Diagnosis

A

Permanent stained smear (Trichome)

35
Q

Entamoeba gingivalis Treatment

A

Better oral hygiene

36
Q

Entamoeba gingivalis cyst

A

No Cyst Stage

37
Q

Blastocystis species

A

6-40 um
Membrane bound central body that takes up 90% of cell
Central body is surrounded by small, multiple nuclei

38
Q
A

Blastocystis species

39
Q

Blastocystis species Pathology

A

Etiologic agent of disease when present in large numbers and absence of other parasites, bacteria, or viruses. Diarrhea
Vomiting
Cramping
Abdominal pain

40
Q

Blastocystis species Diagnosis

A

Permanent stained smear (Trichome) - central body area can stain various colors
MUST quantitate
ELISA methods
Fluorescent antibody techniques have been developed to aid in detection

41
Q

Naegleria fowleri trophozoite

A

Two Forms
Ameboid
Flagellate

42
Q

Naegleria fowleri Ameboid form

A

Only recognized form in humans
7-20 um
Elongated with board anterior end
Blunt pseudopodia with rapid and directional motility

43
Q

Naegleria fowleri Flagellate form

A

Ameboid form changes to flagellate form when transferred from culture or teased from tissue into water at 27-37 C

Large, central karyosome
Cytoplasm is granular and contains vacuoles

44
Q
A

Naegleria fowleri trophozoite

45
Q

Naegleria fowleri cyst

A

7-10 um
Thick, double-walled
Single nucleus with central karyosome

Not found in human tissue
Present in nature and from agar cultures

46
Q
A

Naegleria fowleri cyst

47
Q

Naegleria fowleri Pathology

A

Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) seen in children and young adults and often fatal,
Trophozoites can look like WBCs on a counting chamber Look for motility

48
Q

Naegleria fowleri Diagnosis

A

May have to reach by process of elimination

CSF results are:
Low glucose
High protein
High WBCs
Negative for bacteria
Solutions containing water that is source of infection

49
Q

Acanthamoeba species trophozoite

A

30 um
Large distinct karyosome
Motility not evident
Spinelike pseudopods
No flagellate stage

50
Q
A

Acanthamoeba species trophozoite

51
Q

Acanthamoeba species cyst

A

15-20 um
Present in tissue
Single nucleus with large karyosome

Double-walled, with a slightly wrinkled fibrous outer layer (exocyst) and smooth inner wall (endocyst) that may appear polygonal, hexagonal, spherical, or star-shaped

52
Q
A

Acanthamoeba species cyst

53
Q

Acanthamoeba species Pathology

A

Granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE), more chronic than Naegleria
Associated with trauma or underlying disease
AIDs patients and immunocompromised
Primary infection is thought to be sinuses
Keratitis/corneal ulceration

54
Q

Acanthamoeba species Diagnosis

A

GMS
PAS
Calcofluor white stains of tissue and look for characteristic cysts

Parasitology (8 decks)

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