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Intestinal Protozoa Flashcards

1
Q

Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite

A

10-60 um
Finely granular cytoplasm with ingested RBCs
Nucleus has central karyosome
Pseudopods are rapid and unidirectional motility (progressive)
Fragile

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2
Q
A

Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite

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3
Q

Entamoeba histolytica cyst

A

10-20 um
Infective form
Finely granular, slightly vacuolated cytoplasm
Cysts can have up to four nuclei
Nucleus has central karyosome
Chromatoidal bars (if present) have rounded ends
Resistant to environmental conditions and remain viable for 8 days

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4
Q
A

Entamoeba histolytica cyst

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5
Q

Entamoeba histolytica Pathology

A

Asymptomatic large number of individuals are infected with no clinical symptoms

Intestinal disease by invading the intestinal mucosa
Hepatic disease by invading liver and causing amebic ulcers
Severe dysentery due to invasion of the intestinal mucosa by parasite

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6
Q

Entamoeba histolytica Diagnosis

A

Direct preps (look for motile trophs)
Stool concentrations (look for cysts)
Permanent stain is most important test

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7
Q

Entamoeba dispar

A

Noninvasive strain of E. histolytica
Cysts and trophozoites are indistinguishable from pathogenic E. histolytica

Does NOT ingest RBCs
Does NOT cause symptomatic disease

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8
Q

Entamoeba coli trophozoite

A

15-50 um
Vacuolated, “junky” cytoplasm with ingested bacteria and debris
Single nucleus with large, eccentric karyosome
Broad, short pseudopods with sluggish, nonprogressive motility

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8
Q
A

Entamoeba coli trophozoite

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9
Q

Entamoeba coli cyst

A

10-35 um
Coarsely granular, vacuolated cytoplasm
Up to 8 nuclei with eccentric karyosome
Chromatoidal bars (if present) have splintered stick-like ends
Occasionally have a glycogen mass

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10
Q
A

Entamoeba coli cyst

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11
Q

Entamoeba coli Pathology

A

Usually nonpathogenic

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12
Q

Entamoeba coli Diagnosis

A

Permanent stained smear (Trichome)
Always count the number of nuclei and look at karyosome

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13
Q

Entamoeba hartmanni trophozoite

A

4-12 um
Finely granular cystoplasm
Single nucleus with centrally located karyosome
Less motile than E. histolytica

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14
Q
A

Entamoeba hartmanni trophozoite

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15
Q

Entamoeba hartmanni cyst

A

5-10 um - measure organism to differentiate from E. histolytica
Finely granular cytoplasm
Up to four nuclei with centrally located karyosome
Chromatoidal bars with smooth ends, smaller and more numerous

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16
Q
A

Entamoeba hartmanni cyst

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17
Q

Entamoeba hartmanni Pathology

A

Nonpathogenic

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18
Q

Entamoeba hartmanni Diagnosis

A

Permanent stained smear - check size (very important)

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19
Q

Endolimax nana trophozoite

A

6-12 um
Single nucleus with large blot-like karyosome (ball in socket)
Cytoplasm may have small vacuoles with ingested debris or bacteria
Motility sluggish and nonprogressive with blunt, hyaline pseudopods

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20
Q
A

Endolimax nana trophozoite

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21
Q

Endolimax nana cyst

A

5-10 um (occasionally as large as 14 um)
Oval to round in shape
Up to four nuclei with no peripheral chromatin
Found in same specimen as trophozoite

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22
Q
A

Endolimax nana cyst

23
Q

Endolimax nana Pathology

A

Nonpathogenic

24
Endolimax nana Diagnosis
Permanent stained smear (organism is very small) Wet prep with four nuclear karyosomes will appear very refractile
25
Iodamoeba butschlii trophozoite
8-20 um, average 6-12 um Cytoplasm granular with numerous vacuoles, ingested bacteria and debris Single nucleus with large central or eccentric karyosome
26
Iodamoeba butschlii trophozoite
27
Iodamoeba butschlii cyst
5-20 um, average 10 um Round or oval Large glycogen vacuole in cytoplasm that stains with iodine Single nucleus with large, irregular karyosome Chromatin granules fan out around karyosome "basket" nucleus
28
Iodamoeba butschlii cyst
29
Iodamoeba butschlii Pathology
Nonpathogenic
30
Iodamoeba butschlii Diagnosis
Wet prep with iodine (detect cysts with glycogen) Permanent stained smear (Trichome)
31
Entamoeba gingivalis trophozoite
5-20 um, average 10-15 um Multiple pseudopods Single nucleus with central karyosome Finely granular cytoplasm Ingested WBC (only species that does)
32
Entamoeba gingivalis trophozoite
33
Entamoeba gingivalis Pathology
Usually Nonpathogenic Found in conjunction with periodontal disease
34
Entamoeba gingivalis Diagnosis
Permanent stained smear (Trichome)
35
Entamoeba gingivalis Treatment
Better oral hygiene
36
Entamoeba gingivalis cyst
No Cyst Stage
37
Blastocystis species
6-40 um Membrane bound central body that takes up 90% of cell Central body is surrounded by small, multiple nuclei
38
Blastocystis species
39
Blastocystis species Pathology
Etiologic agent of disease when present in large numbers and absence of other parasites, bacteria, or viruses. Diarrhea Vomiting Cramping Abdominal pain
40
Blastocystis species Diagnosis
Permanent stained smear (Trichome) - central body area can stain various colors MUST quantitate ELISA methods Fluorescent antibody techniques have been developed to aid in detection
41
Naegleria fowleri trophozoite
Two Forms Ameboid Flagellate
42
Naegleria fowleri Ameboid form
*Only recognized form in humans* 7-20 um Elongated with board anterior end Blunt pseudopodia with rapid and directional motility
43
Naegleria fowleri Flagellate form
*Ameboid form changes to flagellate form when transferred from culture or teased from tissue into water at 27-37 C* Large, central karyosome Cytoplasm is granular and contains vacuoles
44
Naegleria fowleri trophozoite
45
Naegleria fowleri cyst
7-10 um Thick, double-walled Single nucleus with central karyosome *Not found in human tissue* Present in nature and from agar cultures
46
Naegleria fowleri cyst
47
Naegleria fowleri Pathology
Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) seen in children and young adults and often fatal, Trophozoites can look like WBCs on a counting chamber *Look for motility*
48
Naegleria fowleri Diagnosis
May have to reach by process of elimination CSF results are: Low glucose High protein High WBCs Negative for bacteria Solutions containing water that is source of infection
49
Acanthamoeba species trophozoite
30 um Large distinct karyosome Motility not evident Spinelike pseudopods No flagellate stage
50
Acanthamoeba species trophozoite
51
Acanthamoeba species cyst
15-20 um Present in tissue Single nucleus with large karyosome Double-walled, with a slightly wrinkled fibrous outer layer (exocyst) and smooth inner wall (endocyst) that may appear polygonal, hexagonal, spherical, or star-shaped
52
Acanthamoeba species cyst
53
Acanthamoeba species Pathology
Granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE), more chronic than Naegleria Associated with trauma or underlying disease AIDs patients and immunocompromised Primary infection is thought to be sinuses Keratitis/corneal ulceration
54
Acanthamoeba species Diagnosis
GMS PAS Calcofluor white stains of tissue and look for characteristic cysts

Parasitology (8 decks)

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