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Parasitology > Flagellates, Ciliates, and Coccidia > Flashcards

Flagellates, Ciliates, and Coccidia Flashcards

1
Q

Dientamoeba fragilis trophozoite

A

7-12 um with considerable size and shape variation on single smear
1-2 nuclei, fragmented (3-5 granules) nuclear chromatin
No peripheral chromatin
Vacuolated cytoplasm
Progressive motility

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2
Q
A

Dientamoeba fragilis trophozoite

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3
Q

Trichomonas hominis trophozoite

A

5-15 um x 7-10 um
5 anterior flagella
Pyriform shape
Both axostyle and undulating membrane which extends entire length
Single nucleus

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4
Q
A

Trichomonas hominis trophozoite

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5
Q

Trichomonas hominis Pathology

A

Nonpathogenic

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6
Q

Cryptosporidium species

A

Ovoid to spherical oocysts
5-6 um
small internal granules
Four slender, bow shaped sporozoites
Oocysts stain red with acid-fast stain

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7
Q
A

Cryptosporidium species oocyst

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8
Q

Giardia lamblia trophozoite

A

10-20 um x 5-15 um
Teardrop or pearshaped with posterior end pointed
Two sucking disks on ventral surface giving the face look to the organism
Motility is falling leaf

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9
Q
A

Giardia lamblia trophozoite

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10
Q

Giardia lamblia cyst

A

11-14 um x 7-10 um
Oval to round
Four nuclei
Axonemes and parabasal bodies may be evident
May see “halo” effect around outside on permanent stain
Googly eye appearance

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11
Q
A

Giardia lamblia cyst

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12
Q

Giardia lamblia Pathology

A

Diarrhea with increased fat and mucus secretions
Dehydration
weight loss
epigastric pain

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13
Q

Diaentamoeba fragilis Pathology

A

Intermittant diarrhea and fatigue

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14
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis trophozoite

A

12-26 um long
Four anterior flagella
Axostyle with granules along side
Undulating membrane (along one half of body)
Single nucleus

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15
Q
A

Trichomonas vaginalis trophozoite

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16
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis Pathology

A

Vaginal inflammation with discharge,
asymptomatic in males or a persistant-recurring urethritis may cause neonatal pneumonia and respiratory distress in infants (wet prep of sputum)

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17
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis Diagnosis

A

Wet prep of vaginal and urethral discharges - examine for motility, seen in urine sediment, visualized using fluorescent stains and growth in culture (not common)

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18
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis Treatment

A

Flagyl

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19
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis Cyst

A

No Cyst Stage

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20
Q

Diaentamoeba fragilis Diagnosis

A

Permanent stained smear (Trichrome)

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21
Q

Diaentamoeba fragilis Cyst

A

No Cyst Stage

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22
Q

Giardia lamblia Diagnosis

A

Direct prep
Concentrate and Permanent Stained smears
Duodenal aspirate (examine mucus for motile trophs)
ELISA methods (not fool proof as antigen may be too low)
Fluorescent monoclonal AB
String test or Entero-Test

23
Q

Giardia lamblia Treatment

A

Metronidazole

24
Q

Trichomonas hominis Diagnosis

A

Wet prep look for motility especially undulating membrane and presence of axostyle
Stained fecal smears

25
Q

Trichomonas hominis Cyst

A

No Cyst Stage

26
Q

Chilomastix mesnili trophozoite

A

6-24 um x 4-8 um
Pear shaped
Single anterior nucleus
Contains curved posterior
Distinct cytostomal groove close to the nucleus
4 anterior flagella

27
Q
A

Chilomastix mesnili trophozoite

28
Q

Chilomastix mesnili cyst

A

6-10 um x 4-6 um
Pear or lemon shaped
Single nucleus
Single curved cytostomal fibril - “shepherd’s crook”
Clear knob on cyst

29
Q
A

Chilomastix mesnili cyst

30
Q

Chilomastix mesnili Pathology

A

Nonpathogenic, no treatement

31
Q

Chilomastix mesnili Diagnosis

A

Permanent stained smear (Trichome)

32
Q

Trichomonas tenax trophozoite

A

Smaller and more slender than T. hominis
Four anterior flagella
Pyriform shape
Single nucleus
Axostyle
Undulating membrane that extends to 3/4 length of body

33
Q
A

Trichomonas tenax trophozoite

34
Q

Trichomonas tenax Pathology

A

Rare reports of respiratory infections and thoracic abscesses
Otherwise harmless commensal in mouth

35
Q

Trichomonas tenax Diagnosis

A

Recover from teeth, gums, or tonsillar crypts

36
Q

Trichomonas tenax cyst

A

No Cyst Stage

37
Q

Balantidium coli trophozoite

A

Large, oval shape
50-100 um x 40-70 um (easily seen in wet preps)
Cilia aid in locomotion - organism thrives on starch foods
Cytostome
Two nuclei: micro and macronucleus
Vacuoles in cytoplasm

38
Q
A

Balantidium coli trophozoite

39
Q

Balantidium coli cyst

A

50-70 um in diameter
Spherical or ellipsoid
Thick refractile cyst wall
Cilia may be present in newly encysted organisms
Two nuclei: micro and macronucleus

40
Q
A

Balantidium coli cyst

41
Q

Balantidium coli Pathology

A

Asymptomatic carrier state
mild colitis and diarrhea
acute dysentery

42
Q

Balantidium coli Diagnosis

A

Wet prep of fresh and concentrated material
does not stain well

43
Q

Balantidium coli Treatment

A

Tetracycline

44
Q
A

Cryptosporidium species acid-fast stain

45
Q

Cystoisospora belli oocyst

A

22-30 um x 10-19 um
Oval tapered at the ends unsporulated when passed in the feces
Thin smooth wall and double-layered hyaline wall
Contains usually one (rarely two) sporocysts
Within 18-36 hrs after feces passed, each of the one-two sporoblasts develops a sporocyst wall and contains four sausage-shaped

46
Q
A

Cystoisopora belli immature oocyst

47
Q
A

Cystoisopora belli mature oocyst

48
Q

Cystoisospora belli Pathology

A

Anorexia
nausea
Abdominal pain
Diarrhea (6-10 per day)

49
Q

Cystoisospora belli Diagnosis

A

Oocyst seen in wet prep or concentrate
acid fast stain

50
Q

Cystoisospora belli Treatment

A

SXT (Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole) is investigational

51
Q
A

Cystoisospora belli acid-fast stain

52
Q

Microsporidia species

A

1-2.5 um
Spore is infective stage
Polar tubules or filaments unique to this organism
Classified as fungi with approximately 14 species that are human pathogens
Most commonly seen in AIDs patients and other immunocompromised

53
Q
A

Microsporidia species acid fast stain

Parasitology (8 decks)

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