Trematodes Flashcards
1
Q
All of these are the snail intermediate hosts of S. mansoni except
a. Oncomelania spp.
b. Planorbis spp.
c. Australorbis spp.
d. Biomphalaria spp.
A
A. Oncomelania
Oncomelania is the snail I.H for S. japonicum
2
Q
Other important definitive host of Echinostoma other than humans
A
Migratory bird
3
Q
In areas of high prevalence of schistosomiasis, what method is used to reduce morbidity and remains the main control stretegy in the PH?
A
Mass Chemotherapy
4
Q
Smallest among blood flukes
A
S. japonicum
5
Q
Epigastric pain, nausea &
diarrhea are experienced, especially in the morning
A
F. buski
6
Q
Factors that influence the infection of snails BY MIRACIDIA include the following except:
a. age of snails and the miracidia
b. number of miracidia per snail
c. water flow and turbulence
d. length of contact time
A
NOTC
7
Q
Chinese vase egg
A
Paragonimus westermani
8
Q
This schistosome has inconspicuous/rudimentary
lateral spine/knob
A
S. japonicum
9
Q
Parasites with freshwater fish as the 2nd I.H except:
a. Heterophyid flukes
b. Clonorchis sinensis
c. Opistorchis viverrini
d. NOTC
A
NOTC
10
Q
How many hours can cercariae survive after release?
A
24 hours
11
Q
corresponding to the period from cercarial penetration and schistosomular migration to the time of the flukes mature
A
incubation
12
Q
Two general strategies for snail control are:
A
Focal and Area-Wide
13
Q
F. buski eggs resemble Fasciola eggs under microscope so, they must be reported as
A
Fasciolid
14
Q
Discovered by Philip Garrison
among prisoners of the Bilibid
Prison in Manila,
A
Echinostoma
15
Q
spindloid flukes; old electrical light bulb shaped egg shape with one knob at opposite end of operculum; light yellowish-brown shell;
A
C. sinensis
16
Q
2nd I.H of Heterophyid flukes
A
Fishes
✓BALANAK – Mugil spp.
✓TILAPIA – Tilapia spp.
✓KANDULI – Arius manilensis
17
Q
Snail intermediate host of S. haematobium
A
Phyopsis spp.
Bulinus spp.
Biomphalaria spp.
Remember: PBB
18
Q
How many days do schistosomes embryonate and form paired adult worms?
A
10-12 days
19
Q
play an important role in the development of young parasites because of their involvement in the metacercarial excystment, tissue invasion, and immune modulation of the host
A
Cysteine proteases
20
Q
Common in Sorsogon; often times
misdiagnosed w/ Tuberculosis
A
Lung fluke (P. westermani)
21
Q
Specific habitat of S. japonicum
A
Superior mesenteric vein
22
Q
Completion of the development of P. westermani in the human body takes how many days?
A
65-90 days
23
Q
Added in sputum for paragonimus ova detection which aids for the viscosity
A
3% NaOH
24
Q
The only intermediate host of trematodes known to human
A
Snail
25
Infective stage of Intestinal flukes
Metacercariae
26
Standard diagnosis for Blood flukes
Stool examination and rectal imprint (biopsy)
27
Stages that occurs inside the tissues of the 1st I.H snail except:
a. Miracidia
b. Sporocyst
c. Cercariae
d. NOTC
a. Miracidia
Miracidia is the 1st larva stage that emerges from the egg in FRESHWATER
28
egg is
larger, golden brown, operculated
A. malayanum
29
Males have gynecophoral
canal/grooves (where female is held)
Schistosomes
30
Snail intermediate host of S. haematobium
Phyopsis spp.
Bulinus spp.
Biomphalaria spp.
Remember: PBB
31
Systemic hypersensitivity reaction to the schistosomulum
migrating through tissue
Katayam disease/Katayama fever/Snail fever
32
Kahol & Susong pampang are the 2nd snail I.H of this parasite
E. ilocanum
33
Most important trematode of man because of severity of infection
Schistosomes
34
oval. thick shelled, yellowish-brown egg, and has a flattened but prominent operculum which has a thickened abopercular portion on the opposite side
P. westermani
35
How many weeks do F. buski eggs embryonate in water to release miracidium?
3-7 weeks
36
The only blood fluke that can be diagnosed with urine
Schistosoma haematobium
37
Intermediate host of S.mansonis
(Snail)
Biomphalaria spp.
Australorbis spp.
Tropicorbis spp.
Planorbis spp.
38
Best time for the release of cercariae
Early evening to midnight
39
egg is straw
colored, ovoid
E. ilocanum
40
Sheep liver fluke
F. hepatica
41
Hepoptysis is the most common infection of:
Paragonimiasis (P. westermani)
42
Sporocysts are able to reproduce asexually and can later give rise to free swimming cercariae after how many days?
60-70 days
43
sample of choice for Shistosomes
Urine, Stool
44
Trematode w/ similar egg feature w/ cestode's D.latum
P. westermani
45
2nd I.H of the oriental lung fluke
Crabs or crayfish
46
Mode of transmission of F. buski
ingestion of encysted metacercaria from AQUATIC PLANTS
47
dermatitis due to skin penetration of cercariae from birds &other mammals; common infection from blood flukes
Swimmer’s Itch
48
Snail intermediate host of S. haematobium
Phyopsis spp.
Bulinus spp.
Biomphalaria spp.
Remember: PBB
49
They lose their forked tail once they penetrate the host skin and become schistosomulae
Cercariae
50
2nd Snail I.H of A. malayanum
Lymnaea cumingiana
Ampullarius canaliculatus
51
Common name of Schistosoma mansoni
Manson’s blood fluke
52
probably a important reservoir host of echinostosomes
RATS
53
How many days do miracidium hatch in water do echinostomids?
6-15 days
54
(operculated with shoulders &small comma-shaped appendage at abopercular end)
C. sinensis
55
Oriental blood fluke
Schistosoma japonicum
56
It is currently regarded as the method of choice for definitive diagnosis of schistosoma infections in the Philippines.
COPT (Circumoval Precipitin Test)
57
In heavier infections:
generalized edema & ascites
occur
F. buski
58
The following are the second intermediate hosts of F. buski except:
a. water
caltrop
b. water
chestnut
c. water lily
d. Nymphaea lotus
c. water lily
F. buski 2nd I.H
Aquatic Vegetation
Trapa bicornis (water
caltrop)
Eliocharis tuberosa (water
chestnut)
Ipomea obscura (water
morning glory)
Nymphaea lotus
59
endemic to Korea, China, Taiwan, Vietnam
60
1st I.H of Heterophyid
Cerithidea, Pirenella (Snail)
61
Most serious consequence of chronic schistosomiasis
Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis
62
Schistosome with HEMATURIA or blood in urine as a common pathology
S. haematobium
63
The following are definitive host of P. westermani except:
a. dog
b. wolf
c. fish
d. monkey
c. fish
Definitive host of P. westermani: man, wolf, fox, tiger, leopard, cat, dog, monkey
64
most common clinical manifestation observed is consistent peptic ulcer disease; colicky abdominal pain & mucoid diarrhea
Heterophyid flukes
65
largest intestinal fluke of humans and pigs
F. buski
66
pear-shaped, thin shell, pale yellow blood fluke egg
S. japonicum
67
most serious complication of human paragonimiasis
Cerebral involvement
68
preferred egg counting technique for quantification of schistosoma eggs
Kato-Katz technique
69
Snail control strategy that requires water contact studies to identify the most common transmission sites
Focal control
70
3 common types of Schistosoma
Schistosoma japonicum
Schistosoma haematobium
Schistosoma mansori
71
1st Intermediate host of F. buski
Snail from genus
Segmentina & Hippeutis
72
Common name of Fasciolopsis buski
Giant Intestinal Fluke
73
Term for movement of schistosomes which means moving
towards or away from
the source or stimulus
of light
Photactic
74
Smallest trematode of man;deadliest trematode
Heterophyid flukes (VonSiebold’s)
75
On the average, a snail sheds only about how many cercariae per day?
2
76
Associated with presence of eggs in the cervix, vagina and/or
vulva
Female genital schistosomiasis
77
egg is large, operculated, umembryonated when first passed, & indistinguishable from eggs of F. hepatica & F. gigantica
F. buski
78
Separate male and female adult worms
Blood fluke
79
Only trematode with diecious sexuality
Schistosomes
80
Parasites with aquatic vegetation as 2nd I.H
Fasciolopsis buski
Fasciola hepatica
Fasciola gigantica
81
This schistosome has Large and prominent terminal spine
S. haematobium
82
reddish brown; coffee bean shaped adult worm
P. westermani
83
Requires chest radiography if infection from this parasite worsens
Paragonimus westermani
84
Infective stage of Schistosomes
cercariae
85
Enumerate the Life Cycle of trematodes in order
Remember the Mnemonic: Every Man Sends Roses & Candies to Mi Amor
Egg
Miracida
Sporocyts
Rediae
Cercariae
Metacercariae
86
only trematode that has first and 2nd Intermediate host both as SNAILS
Echinostoma
87
currently, this group of people have the highest prevalence of being infected w/ P. westermani due to their conservative affinity to traditional dishes
middle-aged Japanese men
88
Adult worm is a A horseshoe-shaped
collar, bearing one or
two rows of straight
spines, which
surrounds the dorsal
& lateral sides of the
oral sucker
Echinostoma
89
Common name of Schistosoma haematobium
Vesical blood fluke
90
Most important liver fluke of man,it is a possible carcinogen
Clonorchis sinensis/Opistorchis viverrini
91
ingesting raw or insufficiently cooked crabs harboring metacercariae
P. westermani
92
"snail fever"
Kayatama fever/Katayama syndrome
93
(may appear
macroscopically in sputum as reddish- brown flecks resembling iron filings; operculated with shoulders & thick
abopercular shell
P. westermani
94
A newly recognized species that occur only in the lower Mekong River basin
S. mekongi
95
Life span of Fasciola spp. adult worm
9-13 years
96
May cause diarrhea with
blood; Heavy infections are
characterized by
inflammation & ulceration
of the intestinal wall.
Echinostoma
97
The most ‘romantic’ parasite due
to their perpetual copulation
Schistosomes
98
light brown, ovoid, operculated, fully developed miracidium when laid Old-fashionedlight bulb
Heterophyid flukes
99
Germ ball egg with triangular
operculum
Echinostoma
100
Embrayonated eggs from the stool of a definitive host come into contact with fresh water and hatch into free swimming miracidia within how many hours?
2-4 hours
101
Common foods that could be infected w/ P. westermani except:
a. Kinilaw
b. Kinagang
c. Nam prik poo (crab & chilli paste)
d. Kejang - Korea
NOTC
Common foods that could be infected w/ P. westermani
* Nam prik poo (crab & chilli paste) - Thailand
* Drunken crab - China
* Kejang - Korea
* Ceviche - Peru
* Kinagang, sinugba & kinilaw - Philippines
102
Arrange the Life Cycle of P. westermani in order
1. Cercariae invade the crustacean and encyst into metacercariae
2. Embryonated eggs
3. Humans ingest inadequately cooked crabs containing metacercariae
4. Excyst in duodenum
5. Unembryonated eggs
6. Adults in cystic cavities in lungs lay eggs which are excreted in sputum. Alternately, eggs are swallowed and passed w/stool
7. Miracidia hatch and penetrate snail
8. Sporocyst develop from miracidia and become rediae & eventually cercariae
5, 2, 7, 8, 1, 3, 4, 6
103
Commonname of Echinostoma
Garrison’s fluke
104
Snail intermediate host of P. westermani are the following except:
a. Antemelania asperata;
b. Antemelania dactylus
c. Brotia asperata
d. NOTC
NOTC
105
All trematodes have praziquantel as their durg of choice except for fasciola spp. what is their drug of choice?
Triclabendazole
106
This schistosome has conspicuous lateral spine
(rosethorn)
S. mansoni
107
group of people who are most susceptible to schistosomiasis
children aged 5-14 yrs old
108
ingestion of metacercariae encysted in snails the second intermediate host of the parasite
Echinostoma
109
Where in the Philippines is schistosome most prevalent?
Agusan del Sur
110
Demonstrates “bleb formation”
Circumoval Precipitin Test (COPT)
111
refers to the presence of eggs in
the stool resulting not from an actual infection but from recent
ingestion of infected livers containing eggs.
False fascioliasis (pseudofascioliasis)
112
Arranged the following sequence for Blood fluke's Life Cycle
1. Miracidia penetrate a snail
2. Paired adult worms migrate to intestinal veins where they lay eggs
3. Cercariae are release in water and penetrate the host skin
4. Two generations of sporocyst develop in the snail
5. During penetration cercariae become schistosomula and are transported to the liver to mature
6. Eggs pass from the host in feces and urine
7. Miracidia hatch in water
6, 7, 1, 4, 3, 5, 2
113
Intermediate host of S. japonicum
Oncomelania hupensis quadrasi
114
Drug of choice for Blood Flukes
Praziquantel
115
Specific habitat of S. mansoni
Inferior mesenteric vein
116
Oriental lung fluke
Paragonimus westermani
117
Definitive host of F. buski other than humans
Pigs
118
Mode of Transmission of blood flukes
Skin penetration
119
The patient experience
generalized toxic & allergic
reactions (edema in the
face, abdominal wall, lower
limbs)
F. buski
120
The following are common pathology for blood flukes except:
a. Paddy field dermatitis
b. Swimmer's itch
c. Bloody diarrhea
d. Weight loss
d. Weight loss
121
A parasite of central & Southeast
Asia (China, Korea, India)
F. buski
