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Parasitology > Trematodes > Flashcards

Trematodes Flashcards

1
Q

All of these are the snail intermediate hosts of S. mansoni except
a. Oncomelania spp.
b. Planorbis spp.
c. Australorbis spp.
d. Biomphalaria spp.

A

A. Oncomelania
Oncomelania is the snail I.H for S. japonicum

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2
Q

Other important definitive host of Echinostoma other than humans

A

Migratory bird

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3
Q

In areas of high prevalence of schistosomiasis, what method is used to reduce morbidity and remains the main control stretegy in the PH?

A

Mass Chemotherapy

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4
Q

Smallest among blood flukes

A

S. japonicum

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5
Q

Epigastric pain, nausea &
diarrhea are experienced, especially in the morning

A

F. buski

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6
Q

Factors that influence the infection of snails BY MIRACIDIA include the following except:
a. age of snails and the miracidia
b. number of miracidia per snail
c. water flow and turbulence
d. length of contact time

A

NOTC

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7
Q

Chinese vase egg

A

Paragonimus westermani

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8
Q

This schistosome has inconspicuous/rudimentary
lateral spine/knob

A

S. japonicum

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9
Q

Parasites with freshwater fish as the 2nd I.H except:
a. Heterophyid flukes
b. Clonorchis sinensis
c. Opistorchis viverrini
d. NOTC

A

NOTC

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10
Q

How many hours can cercariae survive after release?

A

24 hours

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11
Q

corresponding to the period from cercarial penetration and schistosomular migration to the time of the flukes mature

A

incubation

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12
Q

Two general strategies for snail control are:

A

Focal and Area-Wide

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13
Q

F. buski eggs resemble Fasciola eggs under microscope so, they must be reported as

A

Fasciolid

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14
Q

Discovered by Philip Garrison
among prisoners of the Bilibid
Prison in Manila,

A

Echinostoma

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15
Q

spindloid flukes; old electrical light bulb shaped egg shape with one knob at opposite end of operculum; light yellowish-brown shell;

A

C. sinensis

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16
Q

2nd I.H of Heterophyid flukes

A

Fishes
✓BALANAK – Mugil spp.
✓TILAPIA – Tilapia spp.
✓KANDULI – Arius manilensis

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17
Q

Snail intermediate host of S. haematobium

A

Phyopsis spp.
Bulinus spp.
Biomphalaria spp.

Remember: PBB

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18
Q

How many days do schistosomes embryonate and form paired adult worms?

A

10-12 days

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19
Q

play an important role in the development of young parasites because of their involvement in the metacercarial excystment, tissue invasion, and immune modulation of the host

A

Cysteine proteases

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20
Q

Common in Sorsogon; often times
misdiagnosed w/ Tuberculosis

A

Lung fluke (P. westermani)

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21
Q

Specific habitat of S. japonicum

A

Superior mesenteric vein

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22
Q

Completion of the development of P. westermani in the human body takes how many days?

A

65-90 days

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23
Q

Added in sputum for paragonimus ova detection which aids for the viscosity

A

3% NaOH

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24
Q

The only intermediate host of trematodes known to human

A

Snail

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25
Q

Infective stage of Intestinal flukes

A

Metacercariae

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26
Q

Standard diagnosis for Blood flukes

A

Stool examination and rectal imprint (biopsy)

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27
Q

Stages that occurs inside the tissues of the 1st I.H snail except:
a. Miracidia
b. Sporocyst
c. Cercariae
d. NOTC

A

a. Miracidia

Miracidia is the 1st larva stage that emerges from the egg in FRESHWATER

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28
Q

egg is
larger, golden brown, operculated

A

A. malayanum

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29
Q

Males have gynecophoral
canal/grooves (where female is held)

A

Schistosomes

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30
Q

Snail intermediate host of S. haematobium

A

Phyopsis spp.
Bulinus spp.
Biomphalaria spp.

Remember: PBB

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31
Q

Systemic hypersensitivity reaction to the schistosomulum
migrating through tissue

A

Katayam disease/Katayama fever/Snail fever

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32
Q

Kahol & Susong pampang are the 2nd snail I.H of this parasite

A

E. ilocanum

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33
Q

Most important trematode of man because of severity of infection

A

Schistosomes

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34
Q

oval. thick shelled, yellowish-brown egg, and has a flattened but prominent operculum which has a thickened abopercular portion on the opposite side

A

P. westermani

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35
Q

How many weeks do F. buski eggs embryonate in water to release miracidium?

A

3-7 weeks

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36
Q

The only blood fluke that can be diagnosed with urine

A

Schistosoma haematobium

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37
Q

Intermediate host of S.mansonis

A

(Snail)
Biomphalaria spp.
Australorbis spp.
Tropicorbis spp.
Planorbis spp.

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38
Q

Best time for the release of cercariae

A

Early evening to midnight

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39
Q

egg is straw
colored, ovoid

A

E. ilocanum

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40
Q

Sheep liver fluke

A

F. hepatica

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41
Q

Hepoptysis is the most common infection of:

A

Paragonimiasis (P. westermani)

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42
Q

Sporocysts are able to reproduce asexually and can later give rise to free swimming cercariae after how many days?

A

60-70 days

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43
Q

sample of choice for Shistosomes

A

Urine, Stool

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44
Q

Trematode w/ similar egg feature w/ cestode’s D.latum

A

P. westermani

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45
Q

2nd I.H of the oriental lung fluke

A

Crabs or crayfish

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46
Q

Mode of transmission of F. buski

A

ingestion of encysted metacercaria from AQUATIC PLANTS

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47
Q

dermatitis due to skin penetration of cercariae from birds &other mammals; common infection from blood flukes

A

Swimmer’s Itch

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48
Q

Snail intermediate host of S. haematobium

A

Phyopsis spp.
Bulinus spp.
Biomphalaria spp.

Remember: PBB

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49
Q

They lose their forked tail once they penetrate the host skin and become schistosomulae

A

Cercariae

50
Q

2nd Snail I.H of A. malayanum

A

Lymnaea cumingiana
Ampullarius canaliculatus

51
Q

Common name of Schistosoma mansoni

A

Manson’s blood fluke

52
Q

probably a important reservoir host of echinostosomes

A

RATS

53
Q

How many days do miracidium hatch in water do echinostomids?

A

6-15 days

54
Q

(operculated with shoulders &small comma-shaped appendage at abopercular end)

A

C. sinensis

55
Q

Oriental blood fluke

A

Schistosoma japonicum

56
Q

It is currently regarded as the method of choice for definitive diagnosis of schistosoma infections in the Philippines.

A

COPT (Circumoval Precipitin Test)

57
Q

In heavier infections:
generalized edema & ascites
occur

A

F. buski

58
Q

The following are the second intermediate hosts of F. buski except:
a. water
caltrop
b. water
chestnut
c. water lily
d. Nymphaea lotus

A

c. water lily

F. buski 2nd I.H
Aquatic Vegetation
 Trapa bicornis (water
caltrop)
 Eliocharis tuberosa (water
chestnut)
 Ipomea obscura (water
morning glory)
 Nymphaea lotus

59
Q

endemic to Korea, China, Taiwan, Vietnam

A
60
Q

1st I.H of Heterophyid

A

Cerithidea, Pirenella (Snail)

61
Q

Most serious consequence of chronic schistosomiasis

A

Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis

62
Q

Schistosome with HEMATURIA or blood in urine as a common pathology

A

S. haematobium

63
Q

The following are definitive host of P. westermani except:
a. dog
b. wolf
c. fish
d. monkey

A

c. fish

Definitive host of P. westermani: man, wolf, fox, tiger, leopard, cat, dog, monkey

64
Q

most common clinical manifestation observed is consistent peptic ulcer disease; colicky abdominal pain & mucoid diarrhea

A

Heterophyid flukes

65
Q

largest intestinal fluke of humans and pigs

A

F. buski

66
Q

pear-shaped, thin shell, pale yellow blood fluke egg

A

S. japonicum

67
Q

most serious complication of human paragonimiasis

A

Cerebral involvement

68
Q

preferred egg counting technique for quantification of schistosoma eggs

A

Kato-Katz technique

69
Q

Snail control strategy that requires water contact studies to identify the most common transmission sites

A

Focal control

70
Q

3 common types of Schistosoma

A

Schistosoma japonicum
Schistosoma haematobium
Schistosoma mansori

71
Q

1st Intermediate host of F. buski

A

Snail from genus
Segmentina & Hippeutis

72
Q

Common name of Fasciolopsis buski

A

Giant Intestinal Fluke

73
Q

Term for movement of schistosomes which means moving
towards or away from
the source or stimulus
of light

A

Photactic

74
Q

Smallest trematode of man;deadliest trematode

A

Heterophyid flukes (VonSiebold’s)

75
Q

On the average, a snail sheds only about how many cercariae per day?

A

2

76
Q

Associated with presence of eggs in the cervix, vagina and/or
vulva

A

Female genital schistosomiasis

77
Q

egg is large, operculated, umembryonated when first passed, & indistinguishable from eggs of F. hepatica & F. gigantica

A

F. buski

78
Q

Separate male and female adult worms

A

Blood fluke

79
Q

Only trematode with diecious sexuality

A

Schistosomes

80
Q

Parasites with aquatic vegetation as 2nd I.H

A

Fasciolopsis buski
Fasciola hepatica
Fasciola gigantica

81
Q

This schistosome has Large and prominent terminal spine

A

S. haematobium

82
Q

reddish brown; coffee bean shaped adult worm

A

P. westermani

83
Q

Requires chest radiography if infection from this parasite worsens

A

Paragonimus westermani

84
Q

Infective stage of Schistosomes

A

cercariae

85
Q

Enumerate the Life Cycle of trematodes in order

A

Remember the Mnemonic: Every Man Sends Roses & Candies to Mi Amor

Egg
Miracida
Sporocyts
Rediae
Cercariae
Metacercariae

86
Q

only trematode that has first and 2nd Intermediate host both as SNAILS

A

Echinostoma

87
Q

currently, this group of people have the highest prevalence of being infected w/ P. westermani due to their conservative affinity to traditional dishes

A

middle-aged Japanese men

88
Q

Adult worm is a A horseshoe-shaped
collar, bearing one or
two rows of straight
spines, which
surrounds the dorsal
& lateral sides of the
oral sucker

A

Echinostoma

89
Q

Common name of Schistosoma haematobium

A

Vesical blood fluke

90
Q

Most important liver fluke of man,it is a possible carcinogen

A

Clonorchis sinensis/Opistorchis viverrini

91
Q

ingesting raw or insufficiently cooked crabs harboring metacercariae

A

P. westermani

92
Q

“snail fever”

A

Kayatama fever/Katayama syndrome

93
Q

(may appear
macroscopically in sputum as reddish- brown flecks resembling iron filings; operculated with shoulders & thick
abopercular shell

A

P. westermani

94
Q

A newly recognized species that occur only in the lower Mekong River basin

A

S. mekongi

95
Q

Life span of Fasciola spp. adult worm

A

9-13 years

96
Q

May cause diarrhea with
blood; Heavy infections are
characterized by
inflammation & ulceration
of the intestinal wall.

A

Echinostoma

97
Q

The most ‘romantic’ parasite due
to their perpetual copulation

A

Schistosomes

98
Q

light brown, ovoid, operculated, fully developed miracidium when laid Old-fashionedlight bulb

A

Heterophyid flukes

99
Q

Germ ball egg with triangular
operculum

A

Echinostoma

100
Q

Embrayonated eggs from the stool of a definitive host come into contact with fresh water and hatch into free swimming miracidia within how many hours?

A

2-4 hours

101
Q

Common foods that could be infected w/ P. westermani except:
a. Kinilaw
b. Kinagang
c. Nam prik poo (crab & chilli paste)
d. Kejang - Korea

A

NOTC

Common foods that could be infected w/ P. westermani
* Nam prik poo (crab & chilli paste) - Thailand
* Drunken crab - China
* Kejang - Korea
* Ceviche - Peru
* Kinagang, sinugba & kinilaw - Philippines

102
Q

Arrange the Life Cycle of P. westermani in order

  1. Cercariae invade the crustacean and encyst into metacercariae
  2. Embryonated eggs
  3. Humans ingest inadequately cooked crabs containing metacercariae
  4. Excyst in duodenum
  5. Unembryonated eggs
  6. Adults in cystic cavities in lungs lay eggs which are excreted in sputum. Alternately, eggs are swallowed and passed w/stool
  7. Miracidia hatch and penetrate snail
  8. Sporocyst develop from miracidia and become rediae & eventually cercariae
A

5, 2, 7, 8, 1, 3, 4, 6

103
Q

Commonname of Echinostoma

A

Garrison’s fluke

104
Q

Snail intermediate host of P. westermani are the following except:
a. Antemelania asperata;
b. Antemelania dactylus
c. Brotia asperata
d. NOTC

A

NOTC

105
Q

All trematodes have praziquantel as their durg of choice except for fasciola spp. what is their drug of choice?

A

Triclabendazole

106
Q

This schistosome has conspicuous lateral spine
(rosethorn)

A

S. mansoni

107
Q

group of people who are most susceptible to schistosomiasis

A

children aged 5-14 yrs old

108
Q

ingestion of metacercariae encysted in snails the second intermediate host of the parasite

A

Echinostoma

109
Q

Where in the Philippines is schistosome most prevalent?

A

Agusan del Sur

110
Q

Demonstrates “bleb formation”

A

Circumoval Precipitin Test (COPT)

111
Q

refers to the presence of eggs in
the stool resulting not from an actual infection but from recent
ingestion of infected livers containing eggs.

A

False fascioliasis (pseudofascioliasis)

112
Q

Arranged the following sequence for Blood fluke’s Life Cycle

  1. Miracidia penetrate a snail
  2. Paired adult worms migrate to intestinal veins where they lay eggs
  3. Cercariae are release in water and penetrate the host skin
  4. Two generations of sporocyst develop in the snail
  5. During penetration cercariae become schistosomula and are transported to the liver to mature
  6. Eggs pass from the host in feces and urine
  7. Miracidia hatch in water
A

6, 7, 1, 4, 3, 5, 2

113
Q

Intermediate host of S. japonicum

A

Oncomelania hupensis quadrasi

114
Q

Drug of choice for Blood Flukes

A

Praziquantel

115
Q

Specific habitat of S. mansoni

A

Inferior mesenteric vein

116
Q

Oriental lung fluke

A

Paragonimus westermani

117
Q

Definitive host of F. buski other than humans

A

Pigs

118
Q

Mode of Transmission of blood flukes

A

Skin penetration

119
Q

The patient experience
generalized toxic & allergic
reactions (edema in the
face, abdominal wall, lower
limbs)

A

F. buski

120
Q

The following are common pathology for blood flukes except:
a. Paddy field dermatitis
b. Swimmer’s itch
c. Bloody diarrhea
d. Weight loss

A

d. Weight loss

121
Q

A parasite of central & Southeast
Asia (China, Korea, India)

A

F. buski

Parasitology (5 decks)

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