Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Parasitology > Protozoa > Flashcards

Protozoa Flashcards

1
Q

Hyaline foot-like protusion of amoeba trophozoites for locomotion

A

pseudopodia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The nuclear membrane doesn’t break down

A

Naegleria fowleri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cyst are found in tissue except for:
a. Blamuthia mandrillaris
b. Acanthamoeba spp.
c. Naegleria fowleri
d. NOTC

A

c. Naegleria fowleri
Cysts of N. fowleri are not found in the brain tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Commensals in the gingival tissue around the teeth, particularly if there is suppuration

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Diagnosis for Acanthamoeba spp. except:

a. Demonstration of trophozoites in CSF
b. Stool examination
c. Culture on non-nutrient agar plates seeded w/ gram negative bacteria;
d. Indirect immunofluorescent Ab stain
e. NOTC

A

b. stool examination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

All of these exhibit sluggish movement except:

a. E. gingivalis
b. E. coli
c. E. nana
d. E. polecki

A

a. E. gingivalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

process of replication of Acanthamoeba spp

A

mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

2 forms of Naegleria fowleri trophozoites:

A

ameboid & ameboflagellates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cosmopolitan, nonpathogenic, small amoeba found in humans, primates & pigs

A

Endolimax nana

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

process from trophozoite to cysts

A

encystation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

location of E. histolytica undergoing excystation

A

small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The ONLY amoeba that ingests WBC

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

All of these have blunt pseudopodia except:

a. E. coli
b. E. histolytica
c. E. gingivalis
d. E. nana

A

b. E. histolytica
E. histolytica has finger-like pseudopodia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Their cysts are quadrinucleated with coarse cytoplasm; immature cyst has chromatoidal bars

A

Entamoeba hartmanni

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Symptom of Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis

a. fever
b. nausea & vomiting
c. nuchal rigidity & mental status changes
d. rapid progression to coma & death
e. AOTC

A

AOTC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Acanthemoeba spp. have been implicated as possible reservoir for medically important bacteria; all of these are possible except:

a. mycobacterium
b. Legionella spp
c. E. coli
d. Lactus bacillus

A

d. Lactus bacillus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Newly described amoeba; does not have a flagella stage

A

Balamuthia mandrillaris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Distinct characteristic of this entamoeba is that they have the ability to grow in an environment w/ high osmotic pressure

A

Entamoeba moshkovskii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Between bacillary and amebic dysentery which one manifest cahrcot-leyden crystals in stool

A

amebic dysentery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Commonly misdiagnosed w/ amebic colitis; only that fever is common in this type of disease and there is a significantly elevated leukocyte count

A

bacillary dysentery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

E coli or E. histolytica:
inclusions are RBCs and cysts have cigar-shaped chromatoidal bodies

A

E. histolytica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

asexual multiplication of amoebas are done through:

A

binary fission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

number one drug of choice for invasive amoebiasis

A

Metronidazole (Flagyl)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

differential diagnosis of ALA includes the following except one

a. colon cancer
b. pyrogenic liver abscess
c. tuberculosis in the liver
d. hepatic carcinoma

A

a. colon cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Considered parasite of pigs & monkeys
Entamoeba polecki
26
incubation period of Acanthamoeba spp. for GAE
10 days 
27
Acanthamoeba spp. has only two stages namely:
cysts and trophozoites
28
Naegleria spp. multiplies through ____
promitosis
29
Only form of Naegleria spp. that is recognized to humans
Amoeboid
30
Absence of PERIPHERAL CHROMATIN that aids in the identification of _____
E. nana
31
process from trophozoite to cysts
encystation
32
cysts are basket of flowers in shape
Iodamoeba butschlii
33
Way to differentiate E. dispar from E. histolytica clinically except a. PCR b. Culture c. ELISA d. Isoenzyme analysis
b. culture
34
Characteristic CSF finding for PAM (N. fowleri infection) a. elevated WBC count w/ neutrophilic dominance b. high protein c. low glucose e. only option 2 & 3 f. AOTC
AOTC
35
. Naegleria fowleri trophozoitesare found in
CSF & tissues while flagellated forms are occasionally found in CSF. Cysts are not seen in brain tissue
36
they may produce serious infection of the CNS & the eye
Parasitic form of Free living amoebas
37
Acanthemoeba spp. trophozoites replicates through mitosis, what happens with the nuclear membrane during this process
nuclear membrane does not remain intact
38
Activated T-cells kill E. histolytica by: a. direct lysing trophozoites b. producing cytokines c. providing helper effect for B-cell antibody d. only a & c e. AOTC
e. AOTC
39
All of these amoebas are commensal except: a. entamoeba histolytica b. entamoeba dispar c. entamoeba coli d. entamoeba gingivalis
a. entamoeba histolytica
40
in using saline & methylene blue what differentiation happens for entamoeba species
entamoeba species stain blue, thus differentiating them from WBC
41
common diagnostic method for Acanthemaoba Keratitis
corneal scrapings
42
form of Naegleria spp. that is elongated, broad anteriorly & tapered posteriorly trphozoites and motile by means of eruptive
Amoeboid
43
number of days E. histolytica is viable in cool conditions?
1-12 days
44
All of these have uninucleated cyst except: a. E. polecki b. I. butschlii c. E.hartmanni d. E. chattoni
c. E hartmanni because they are quadrinucleated
45
Ubiquitous in nature, found commonly in soil & water where they feed on bacteria
Free living form of Amoebas
46
 Associated with improperly disinfected contact lenses 
Amebic Keratitis (AK)
47
free living amebae that is considered a true pathogen
N. fowleri
48
smallest protozoa
E. nana
49
pores in between the cyst walls
ostioles
50
Naegleria fowleri trophozoites replicates through promitosis, what happens with the nuclear membrane during this process?
nuclear membrane remains intact
51
A specie that could possibly infect humans in the future because it is already pathologic to mice by intranasal instillation
Naegleria australiensis
52
most common ACANTHAMOEBA SPECIES & causes most CNS & eye infections in humans
A. castellani
53
Known as the “small race” of E. 
Entamoeba hartmanni
54
Causes chronic CNS infection  The portal of entry & spread is the same w/ Acanthamoeba spp.
Balamuthia mandrillaris
55
It has limited pathogenicity in experimental trials in animals, but is nonpathogenic to humans. All human isolates have been found to belong in one group, “ ribodeme 2.”
Entamoeba moshkovskii
56
All are diagnosis for N. fowleri except a. CSF collection b. Tissue samples & nasal discharge c. Culture of clinical specimens d. monoclonal Ab testing e. flow cytometry & DNA hybridization f. AOTC g. NOTC
NOTC
57
Destructive encephalopathy and associated meningeal irritation
Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis (GAE)
58
drug of choice for asymptomatic cyst passers
Diloxanide
59
invasive and infective form of Naelgeria spp. 
Amoeboid
60
What do you mean by N. fowleri being thermophilic?
They can thrive best in hot dprings and other warm aquatic environments; reproduces rapidly in  temperature above 30 degrees Celsius
61
substance that destroys the cyst wall of amoebas
trypsin
62
most common form of extraintestinal amebiasis
Amebic liver abscess
63
all of these are symptoms and signs of amebic colitis except one a. fever b. abdominal pain c. ulcer d. bloody watery stools
a. fever Fever is uncommon
64
Mode of Transmission of Acanthamoeba spp. except: a. eye b. broken skin c. nasal passages d. NOTC
NOTC
65
Mode of Transmission of Naeglaeria fowleri
Oral and intranasal routes while swimming in contaminated lakes, pools, and rivers
66
most common form of disease associated w/ amoebae
Colitis
67
Lives as harmless commensal in the lumen of the large intestine of man, monkeys, & pigs
Iodamoeba butschlii
68
amebiasis that already affect other organs such as liver, lungs, brain, and genitals
Invasive extraintestinal amebiasis
69
process from cyst to trophozoites
excystation 
70
Between bacillary and amebic dysentery which one manifest prodomal fever and malaise
bacillary
71
Why miscroscopic detection cannot be done w/ ALA?
because aspiration is an invasive procedure & trophozoites in ALA are found in the periphery of the abscess so it is sometimes missed
72
significance of using saline and iodine for Entamoeba diagnosis
nucleus & karyosome can be observed to differentiate E. histolytica from the nonpthogenic amebae
73
has double walled cysts
Acanthamoeba spp (inner smooth cell wall surrounded by an outer jagged cell wall)
74
number of days E. histolytica is viable in water
9-30 days
75
has a large glycogen body that stains dark brown w/iodine
Iodamoeba butschlii
76
Only the trophozoite stage has been found thus, this entamoeba has no cyst stage
Entamoeba gingivalis
77
Causative agent of Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM)
Naegleria fowleri
78
E coli or E. histolytica: inclusions are basteria, yeast, and cell debris; chromatin body is witchbroom; splinter like shape
E. coli
79
2 vegetative forms of Naegleria spp.: 
ameba (trophozoite form) flagellate (swimming form)
80
The cyst is irregularly pyriform in shape & ovoid
Iodamoeba butschlii
81
Treatment for PAM
Amphotericin B w/ clotrimazole
82
Transmission is through kissing, droplet spray, or by sharing utensils
Entamoeba gingivalis
83
Arranged the Life Cycle of Acanthameoba spp.  1. trophozoite form 2. The trophozoites replicate by mitosis 3. cyst form 4. cysts and trophozoites gain entry into the body
3, 1, 2, 4
84
All have quadrinucleated cyst except: a. E. hartmanni b. E. dispar c. E. moshkovskii d. AOTC e. NOTC
e. NOTC
85
All of these are clinical manifestations of GAE except: a. fever b. malaise & anorexia c. increased sleeping time w/severe headache d. mental status changes & epilepsy e. coma
NOTC
86
small, spiny thorn like filaments for locomotion of Acanthamoeba trophozoites 
ACANTHOPODIA
87
Have a well defined glycogen mass w/ definite borders
Iodamoeba butschlii
88
Identify if E. coli or E. histolytica: sluggish movement, blunt pseudopodia
E. coli
89
Form of E. histolytica that is resistant to gastric acidity and dessication
Cysts
90
Between bacillary and amebic dysentery which one manifest fishy odor stool
Amebic dysentery
91
term for blunt pseudopodia of Naegleria spp. 
LOBOPODIA
92
3 layers of B. mandrillaris' cyst wall
outer wrinkled ectocyst middle structureless mesocyst inner endocyst
93
Key feature of this parasite is the presence of large blot-like karyosome, centrally located & the absence of peripheral chromatin
E. nana
94
Why E. histolytica cyst is resistant to acidic pH?
because of its cystic wall that contains chitin & lectin
95
Mode of Transmission of E. histolytica
 Ingestion of polluted food/water with Entamoeba histolytica cyst  Infected food handlers  Flies contaminating food  Night soil cultivation  Direct contact (sex; fecal-anal route)
96
if E. coli is nonpathogenic to humans why do we still need to report it?
because it would indicate that the food/water might be contaminated
97
E. dispar and E. histolytica are morphologically similar except that:
they have different DNA and ribosomal RNA
98
number of nuclei of E. histolytica cyst
4 (quadrinucleated)
99
E coli or E. histolytica: 8 nucleus
E coli
100
Chronic amebic liver abscess in old patients frequenty involves:
wasting & significant weight loss
101
Morphologically similar tp E. histolytica, but both its trophozoites & cyst are smaller & never contain ingested RBC’s
Entamoeba hartmanni
102
Signs and symptoms of Amebic Keratitis except a. fever b. severe ocular pain & blussing vision c. hypopon formation d. corneal ulceration w/ progressive corneal infiltration
a. Fever Fever is uncommon for AK
103
consistently uninucleated and chromatoidal bars are frequently angular or pointed
E. polecki
104
Where does encystation of E. histolytica occurs
Large intestine
105
cardinal manifestations of ALA are:
fever and right upper quadrant pain
106
The only method to distinguised E. dispar from E. histolytica
PCR
107
Identify if E. coli or E. histolytica: unidirectional movement
E. histolytica
108
Amebiasis where symptoms start to manifest
Invasive amebic dysentery

Parasitology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions