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Parasitology > PARALAB > Flashcards

PARALAB Flashcards

to be continued

1
Q

What happens if parasites are exposed to high specific gravity,

A

distortion and shrinkage of protozoan cysts and thin walled nematode eggs may occur

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2
Q

Between PVA and formalin, what reagent could recover most parasites?

A

formalin

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3
Q

Examples of parasites that can be recovered using FECT

A

Ascaris lumbricoides
Schistosomes
Hookworm
Capillaria
D.latum
H. nana
Fasciola spp.

In general, helminth eggs, larvae, and protozoan cysts

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4
Q

Facilitates separation of parasites from background debris through the use of saturated table salt solution

A

BRINE FLOTATION METHOD by WILLIS

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5
Q

How many minutes would leave a coverslip on top of the vial in brine flotation method?

A

10-15 minutes

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6
Q

It is more efficient for the recovery of cestode eggs and Giardia cyts than ether.

A

Ethyl acetate

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7
Q

Enumerate the 4 layers of FECT from top to bottom

A

Ether
Fecal debris
Formalin
Sediments

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8
Q

True or False. The under surface of the coverslip should not come in contact with the brine solution and that no bubbles are trapped.

A

False, the under surface of the coverslip should come in contact with the brine solution and that no bubbles aretrapped.

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9
Q

What is the main reagent used for zinc sulfate flotation method?

A

33% Zinc Sulfate

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10
Q

After FECT, this may be used to stain protozoan cyst

A

2% Iodine Solution

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11
Q

With this procedure, visualization of oocyts can be better appreciated through the use of a phase microscope

A

SHEATHER”S SUGAR FLOATATION

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12
Q

Why brine flotation is not useful for operculated eggs like Clonorchis, Opistorchis & Heterophyids?

A

because they have higher specific gravity and thus; do not float in brine solution

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13
Q

No need for centrifugation  Low-cost procedure

A

BRINE FLOTATION METHOD by WILLIS

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14
Q

Arrange the following Brine Flotation procedure:

  1. Report number of eggs of parasites per coverslip or in plusses.
  2. Slowly add more brine solution up to the brim of the vial.Carefully lower a cover slip on top of the vial and leave it there for 10-15 minutes.
  3. Place half a gram stool in vial with a small amount of brine solution.
  4. After 15 minutes, lift the coverslip squarely and place on a glass slide and examine the entire coverslip under the microscope.
A

3, 2, 4, 1

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15
Q

What is the use of hydrochloric acid for sedimentation method?

A

dissolve albuminous material

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16
Q

Why do we need to leave the coverslip on the top of the vial for 10-15 minutes in brine solution method?

A

During this time interval, helminth eggs will be rising to the top of the solution and stick to the surface of the coverslip.

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17
Q

Why do we need to use tap water in FECT?

A

to wash fecal sediment and aid in centrifugation until supernatant is clear

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18
Q

Helminth eggs like hookworm & Schistosoma become badly shrunken in this method

A

BRINE FLOTATION METHOD by WILLIS

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19
Q

What is the principle behind brine flotation method?

A

The flotation procedure facilitates separation of parasites from
background debris through the use of saturated table salt solution

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20
Q

A method recommended for the recovery of Trichuris, Capillaria, and Schistosoma

A

Acid-Ether Concentration Technique

21
Q

Considered the best for the recovery of coccidian oocyts, mainlyCryptosporidium,Cyclospo, and Cytoisospora.

A

SHEATHER”S SUGAR FLOATATION

22
Q

flotation method use specifically to recover for both helminth eggs and larvae and protozoan cyst

A

ZINC SULFATE FLOATATIONMETHOD

23
Q

Why do we need to leave the coverslip on the top of the vial for 10-15 minutes in brine solution method?

A

During this time interval, helminth eggs will be rising to the top of the solution and stick to the surface of the coverslip.

24
Q

Whyuse of ether has been a cause for concern in the laboratory sector?

A

because of problems in storage and handling of this explosive and flammable compound

25
Q

Arrange the following procedures for Acid-Ether Technique

  1. With a clean applicator stick, loosen the interspace film at the acid-ether junction. The acid-ether layers are rapidly poured off.
  2. Add enough ether (3ml) stopper and shake vigorously for 1 minute.
  3. Place 5 ml of 40% HCl solution into a tube.
  4. Strain suspension through one layer of wet gauze and receive in a centrifuge tube
  5. Shake the sediment and w/ a pipette, transfer a drop into the glass side.
  6. Report number of parasite eggs counted for the entire coverslip preparation or mount or in plusses
A

3, 4, 2, 1, 5, 6

26
Q

In place of ether & ethyl acetate, what may be used in sedimentation procedures?

A

Gasoline

27
Q

What is the 3rd layer of FECT consists of?

A

Formalin

28
Q

What is the principle behind FECT?

A

Since the number of parasites form on wet mounts or stained smears may be too low, concentrating the sample may increase the probability of detecting & identifying any diagnostic stage of parasites. This procedure is efficient for the recovery of helminth eggs, larvae. and protozoan cysts that have been preserved with 10% formalin.

29
Q

In this method, parasite has a lower specific gravity and will therefore float on the surface of the preparation

A

Flotation Method

30
Q

Two Types of Concentration Technique

A

sedimentation , flotation.

31
Q

Why do we need to let the sample stand for 30 minutes after adding stool with formalin for FECT?

A

This reduces distortion of protozoan cysts.

32
Q

Original Zinc sulfate flotation procedure was developed by __________

A

Faust in 1938

33
Q

Can separate protozoan cysts and helminth eggs from a large amount of stool based on the differences in specific gravity

A

Concentration technique

34
Q

True or False.

Sediments from FECT can be stored for along period of time

A

True

35
Q

A method of choice if stool material comes from animals like cats and dogs

A

Acid-Ether Concentration Technique

36
Q

In this methods, parasite has a higher specific gravity than the reagent, therefore the parasite will fall to the bottom of the preparation.

A

Sedimentation Method

37
Q

What are the two main reagent use for Acid-ether technique?

A

40% Hydrochloric acid and Ether

38
Q

Boiled sugar solution preserved with phenol is used in this method

A

SHEATHER”S SUGAR FLOATATION

39
Q

Efficient for the recovery of helminth eggs, larvae,and protozoan cysts that have been preserved w/10% formalin

A

FECT

40
Q

The only layer in the FECT that you should not decant?

A

Last layer: sediment

41
Q

Why do we need to concentrate the sample? What is the principle behind AECT?

A

Since the number of parasite on wet mount or stained smear may be too low, concentrating the sample will increase the probability of selecting and identifying any diagnostic parasitic stage . HCl is used to dissolve albuminous material. This procedure is recommended for the recovery of Trichuris, Capillaria, & Schistosoma

42
Q

Ideal number of washing for FECT procedure?

A

3

43
Q

In brine flotation method, after putting half a gram of stool in a vial, what must you put next?

A

Brine solution

44
Q

A reagent that is used to dissolve neutral fats in stools

A

Ether

45
Q

Arrange the following Zinc flotation procedure:

  1. Centrifuge for 3-5 minutes. Decant the supernatant
  2. Add zinc sulfate to within 2.5 cm of the rim ofthe tube. Mix thoroughly with an applicator stick
  3. Place a coverslip and exclude bubbles. Examine the mount immediately or within an hour under the miscroscope.
  4. Strain a well-mixed fecal suspension through one layer of gauze into a tube
  5. Carefully transfer the tube into a rack. Avoid disturbing the surface films which now contains the floating parasites. Stand for 1 minute
A

4, 1, 2, 5, 3

46
Q

Between PVA and formalin, which could preserved much better parasite morphology?

A

Formalin

47
Q

True or False. Mounts prepared from flotation techniques are cleaner than those from sedimentation.

A

True, because procedures for flotation techniques are easier to conduct unlike with sedimentation that requires numerous washing and straining.

48
Q

Composition of Brine Solution

A

NaCl powder- 40 g
Distilled water -100 ml

Parasitology (5 decks)

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