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EXO-NOTES > TREMATODES > Flashcards

TREMATODES Flashcards

1
Q

Trematodes are commonly known as

A

Flukes

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2
Q

General characteristics of Trematodes

A

Flattened dorsoventrally/Leaf-like except Schistosomes (Cylindrical/elongated)
Hermaphroditic/Monoecious except Schistosomes (Separate Sexes/Diecious)
Ova are operculated except for Schistosomes (Non-operculated)

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3
Q

Immature and operculated when laid

A

FFP
Fasciola hepatica
Fasciolopsis buski
Paragonimus westermani

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4
Q

Mature and operculated when laid

A

DCHOM
Dicrocoelium dendriticum
Clonorchis sinensis
Heterophyes heterophyes
Opistorchis felineus
Metagonimus yokogawai

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5
Q

Immature and operculated when laid but no sporocyst stage

A

Echinostoma ilocanum

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6
Q

Mature and non-operculated when laid, no metacercaria stage

A

Schistosomes

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7
Q

Intestinal flukes

A

FEHM
Fasciolopsis buski
Echinostoma ilocanum
Heterophyes heterphyes
Metagonimus yokogawai

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8
Q

Liver flukes

A

FFCOD
Fasciola hepatica
Fasciola gigantica
Clonorchis sinensis
Opistorchis felineus
Dicrocoelium dendriticum

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9
Q

Lung fluke

A

Paragonimus westermani

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10
Q

Blood flukes

A

Schistosoma japonicum
Schistosoma mansoni
Schistosoma haematobium
Schistosoma intercalatum
Schistosoma mekongi

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11
Q

Common names of Fasciola hepatica

A

Sheep Liver Fluke/Temperate Liver Fluke

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12
Q

Disease caused by F. hepatica

A

Sheep liver rot

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13
Q

Morphological appearance of F. hepatica egg

A

Hen’s egg appearance

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14
Q

Common names of Fasciola gigantica

A

Giant Liver Fluke/Tropical Liver Fluke

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15
Q

Common names of Clonorchis sinensis

A

Chinese Liver Fluke/Oriental Liver Fluke

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16
Q

Most important liver fluke of man

A

Clonorchis sinensis

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17
Q

Shape of Clonorchis sinensis egg

A

Old fashioned bulb/pitcher-like appearance

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18
Q

Appearance of adult Clonorchis sinensis

A

Bottle-neck appearance

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19
Q

Common name of Opistorchis felineus

A

Cat Liver Fluke

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20
Q

Common name of Dicrocoelium dendriticum

A

Lanceolate/Lancet Fluke/Little Liver Fluke

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21
Q

Common name of Fasciolopsis buski

A

Giant Intestinal Fluke

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22
Q

Largest fluke parasitizing man

A

Fasciolopsis buski

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23
Q

Appearance of Fasciolopsis buski egg

A

Hen’s egg in appearance

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24
Q

Common name of Echinostoma ilocanum

A

Garrison’s Fluke

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25
Common name of Heterophyes heterophyes
Von Siebold’s Fluke/Dwarf Intestinal Fluke
26
Smallest Fluke of man
Heterophyes heterophyes
27
Disease caused by Heterophyes heterophyes
Cardiac Heterophyidiasis
28
Common name of Metagonimus yokogawai
Yokogawa’s Fluke
29
Common name of Paragonimus westermani
Oriental Lung Fluke
30
Disease cause by P. westermani
Paragonimiasis - TB like symptoms
31
Shape of Paragonimus westermani adult
Spoon-shaped when active and coffee-bean shaped when at preserved state
32
Most romantic parasites
Schistosomes
33
Mode of transmission of Schistosome
Open wounds
34
Allergic reaction caused by Schistosome
Swimmer’s Itch
35
Infective stage of Schistosoma infection
Cercariae
36
Cercaria minus the tail
Schictosomule
37
Common name of Schistosoma japonicum
Oriental Blood Fluke
38
Disease caused by Schistosoma japonicum
Oriental Schistosomiasis or Katayama’s Disease
39
Smallest ova among blood flukes
Schistosoma japonicum egg
40
Distinguishing characteristic of Schistosoma japonicum egg
Small lateral spine
41
Common name of Schistosoma mansoni
Manson’s Blood Fluke
42
Smallest Adult Blood Fluke
Schistosoma mansoni
43
Disease caused by Schistosoma mansoni
Intestinal Bilharziasis, Schistosomal Dysentery
44
Distinguishing characteristic of Schistosoma mansoni egg
Prominent lateral spine
45
Specimen of choice for the detection of S. japonicum
Stool
46
Specimen of choice for the detection of S. mansoni
Stool
47
Common name of Schistosoma haematobium
Vesical Blood Fluke
48
Diseases caused by Schistosoma haematobium
Urinary Bilharziasis, Schistosomal hematuria/Egyptian Hematuria (Bloody urine), Vesical Schistosomiasis
49
Distinguishing characteristic of Schistosoma haematobium egg
Terminal spine
50
Specimen of choice for the detection of S. haematobium
Urine
51
Ova resemble those of Schistosoma haematobium but is acid-fast positive
Schistosoma intercalatum
52
Ova resemble those of Schistosoma mansoni but is much smaller
Schistosoma mekongi
53
Confirmatory test for Schistosomiasis
Circumoval Precipitin test (COPT) by Oliver and Gonzales
54
Principle of Circumoval Precipitin test (COPT) by Oliver and Gonzales
Detection of antibodies that reacts with eggs
55
Specimen of choice for COPT
Serum
56
Positive result of COPT
Bleb formation
57
Comparison between FECT and COPT
FECT: for acute illness COPT: for chronic illness
58
Result of COPT during middle stage of infection. What is the reason behind it?
Positive, because antibodies against the eggs have high enough titer to cause positive result in COPT
59
Result of COPT during acute infection. What is the reason behind it?
Negative, because antibody is starting to form and may be undetectable in COPT
60
Result of COPT during chronic infection. What is the reason behind it?
Positive, because antibodies, based on the principles of adaptive immunity, can remain for a long time in the patient’s serum
61
Lobed-shaped Testes
OEM Opistorchis felineus Echinostoma ilocanum Metagonimus yokogawai
62
Round/Ova-shaped Testes
Heterophyes heterophyes
63
Branched/Dendritic-shaped Testes
FFC Fasciola hepatica Fasciolopsis buski Clonorchis sinensis
64
Tandem formation arrangement of Testes
COFE Clonorchis sinensis Opistorchis felineus Fasciola hepatica Echinostoma ilocanum
65
Side by side arrangement of Testes
FHM Fasciolopsis buski Heterophyes heterophyes Metagonimus yokogawai
66
Oblique arrangement of Testes
Dicrocoelium dendriticum
67
Branched Uterus
FF Fasciola hepatica Fasciolopsis buski
68
Lobed Uterus
CHEDOMP Clonorchis sinensis Heterophyes heterophyes Echinostoma ilocanum Dicrocoelium dendriticum Opistorchis felineus Metagonimus yokogawai Paragonimus westerman
69
Simple-tailed Cercaria
FFE Fasciola hepatica Fasciolopsis buski Echinostoma ilocanum
70
Keeled-tailed Cercaria
COH Clonorchis sinensis Opistorchis felineus Heterophyes heterophye
71
Microcercus Cercaria
Paragonimus westermani
72
Fork-tailed Cercaria
Schistosoma

EXO-NOTES (5 decks)

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