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EXO-NOTES > TREMATODES > Flashcards

TREMATODES Flashcards

1
Q

Trematodes are commonly known as

A

Flukes

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2
Q

General characteristics of Trematodes

A

Flattened dorsoventrally/Leaf-like except Schistosomes (Cylindrical/elongated)
Hermaphroditic/Monoecious except Schistosomes (Separate Sexes/Diecious)
Ova are operculated except for Schistosomes (Non-operculated)

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3
Q

Immature and operculated when laid

A

FFP
Fasciola hepatica
Fasciolopsis buski
Paragonimus westermani

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4
Q

Mature and operculated when laid

A

DCHOM
Dicrocoelium dendriticum
Clonorchis sinensis
Heterophyes heterophyes
Opistorchis felineus
Metagonimus yokogawai

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5
Q

Immature and operculated when laid but no sporocyst stage

A

Echinostoma ilocanum

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6
Q

Mature and non-operculated when laid, no metacercaria stage

A

Schistosomes

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7
Q

Intestinal flukes

A

FEHM
Fasciolopsis buski
Echinostoma ilocanum
Heterophyes heterphyes
Metagonimus yokogawai

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8
Q

Liver flukes

A

FFCOD
Fasciola hepatica
Fasciola gigantica
Clonorchis sinensis
Opistorchis felineus
Dicrocoelium dendriticum

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9
Q

Lung fluke

A

Paragonimus westermani

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10
Q

Blood flukes

A

Schistosoma japonicum
Schistosoma mansoni
Schistosoma haematobium
Schistosoma intercalatum
Schistosoma mekongi

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11
Q

Common names of Fasciola hepatica

A

Sheep Liver Fluke/Temperate Liver Fluke

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12
Q

Disease caused by F. hepatica

A

Sheep liver rot

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13
Q

Morphological appearance of F. hepatica egg

A

Hen’s egg appearance

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14
Q

Common names of Fasciola gigantica

A

Giant Liver Fluke/Tropical Liver Fluke

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15
Q

Common names of Clonorchis sinensis

A

Chinese Liver Fluke/Oriental Liver Fluke

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16
Q

Most important liver fluke of man

A

Clonorchis sinensis

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17
Q

Shape of Clonorchis sinensis egg

A

Old fashioned bulb/pitcher-like appearance

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18
Q

Appearance of adult Clonorchis sinensis

A

Bottle-neck appearance

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19
Q

Common name of Opistorchis felineus

A

Cat Liver Fluke

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20
Q

Common name of Dicrocoelium dendriticum

A

Lanceolate/Lancet Fluke/Little Liver Fluke

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21
Q

Common name of Fasciolopsis buski

A

Giant Intestinal Fluke

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22
Q

Largest fluke parasitizing man

A

Fasciolopsis buski

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23
Q

Appearance of Fasciolopsis buski egg

A

Hen’s egg in appearance

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24
Q

Common name of Echinostoma ilocanum

A

Garrison’s Fluke

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25
Q

Common name of Heterophyes heterophyes

A

Von Siebold’s Fluke/Dwarf Intestinal Fluke

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26
Q

Smallest Fluke of man

A

Heterophyes heterophyes

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27
Q

Disease caused by Heterophyes heterophyes

A

Cardiac Heterophyidiasis

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28
Q

Common name of Metagonimus yokogawai

A

Yokogawa’s Fluke

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29
Q

Common name of Paragonimus westermani

A

Oriental Lung Fluke

30
Q

Disease cause by P. westermani

A

Paragonimiasis - TB like symptoms

31
Q

Shape of Paragonimus westermani adult

A

Spoon-shaped when active and coffee-bean shaped when at preserved state

32
Q

Most romantic parasites

A

Schistosomes

33
Q

Mode of transmission of Schistosome

A

Open wounds

34
Q

Allergic reaction caused by Schistosome

A

Swimmer’s Itch

35
Q

Infective stage of Schistosoma infection

A

Cercariae

36
Q

Cercaria minus the tail

A

Schictosomule

37
Q

Common name of Schistosoma japonicum

A

Oriental Blood Fluke

38
Q

Disease caused by Schistosoma japonicum

A

Oriental Schistosomiasis or Katayama’s Disease

39
Q

Smallest ova among blood flukes

A

Schistosoma japonicum egg

40
Q

Distinguishing characteristic of Schistosoma japonicum egg

A

Small lateral spine

41
Q

Common name of Schistosoma mansoni

A

Manson’s Blood Fluke

42
Q

Smallest Adult Blood Fluke

A

Schistosoma mansoni

43
Q

Disease caused by Schistosoma mansoni

A

Intestinal Bilharziasis, Schistosomal Dysentery

44
Q

Distinguishing characteristic of Schistosoma mansoni egg

A

Prominent lateral spine

45
Q

Specimen of choice for the detection of S. japonicum

A

Stool

46
Q

Specimen of choice for the detection of S. mansoni

A

Stool

47
Q

Common name of Schistosoma haematobium

A

Vesical Blood Fluke

48
Q

Diseases caused by Schistosoma haematobium

A

Urinary Bilharziasis, Schistosomal hematuria/Egyptian Hematuria (Bloody urine), Vesical Schistosomiasis

49
Q

Distinguishing characteristic of Schistosoma haematobium egg

A

Terminal spine

50
Q

Specimen of choice for the detection of S. haematobium

A

Urine

51
Q

Ova resemble those of Schistosoma haematobium but is acid-fast positive

A

Schistosoma intercalatum

52
Q

Ova resemble those of Schistosoma mansoni but is much smaller

A

Schistosoma mekongi

53
Q

Confirmatory test for Schistosomiasis

A

Circumoval Precipitin test (COPT) by Oliver and Gonzales

54
Q

Principle of Circumoval Precipitin test (COPT) by Oliver and Gonzales

A

Detection of antibodies that reacts with eggs

55
Q

Specimen of choice for COPT

A

Serum

56
Q

Positive result of COPT

A

Bleb formation

57
Q

Comparison between FECT and COPT

A

FECT: for acute illness
COPT: for chronic illness

58
Q

Result of COPT during middle stage of infection. What is the reason behind it?

A

Positive, because antibodies against the eggs have high enough titer to cause positive result in COPT

59
Q

Result of COPT during acute infection. What is the reason behind it?

A

Negative, because antibody is starting to form and may be undetectable in COPT

60
Q

Result of COPT during chronic infection. What is the reason behind it?

A

Positive, because antibodies, based on the principles of adaptive immunity, can remain for a long time in the patient’s serum

61
Q

Lobed-shaped Testes

A

OEM
Opistorchis felineus
Echinostoma ilocanum
Metagonimus yokogawai

62
Q

Round/Ova-shaped Testes

A

Heterophyes heterophyes

63
Q

Branched/Dendritic-shaped Testes

A

FFC
Fasciola hepatica
Fasciolopsis buski
Clonorchis sinensis

64
Q

Tandem formation arrangement of Testes

A

COFE
Clonorchis sinensis
Opistorchis felineus
Fasciola hepatica
Echinostoma ilocanum

65
Q

Side by side arrangement of Testes

A

FHM
Fasciolopsis buski
Heterophyes heterophyes
Metagonimus yokogawai

66
Q

Oblique arrangement of Testes

A

Dicrocoelium dendriticum

67
Q

Branched Uterus

A

FF
Fasciola hepatica
Fasciolopsis buski

68
Q

Lobed Uterus

A

CHEDOMP
Clonorchis sinensis
Heterophyes heterophyes
Echinostoma ilocanum
Dicrocoelium dendriticum
Opistorchis felineus
Metagonimus yokogawai
Paragonimus westerman

69
Q

Simple-tailed Cercaria

A

FFE
Fasciola hepatica
Fasciolopsis buski
Echinostoma ilocanum

70
Q

Keeled-tailed Cercaria

A

COH
Clonorchis sinensis
Opistorchis felineus
Heterophyes heterophye

71
Q

Microcercus Cercaria

A

Paragonimus westermani

72
Q

Fork-tailed Cercaria

A

Schistosoma

EXO-NOTES (5 decks)

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