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Woody Plants > Tree Identification > Flashcards

Tree Identification Flashcards

1
Q

tends to grow dark green, leaf is wider than it is high, the bark is ridged and furrowed, has blunt red-green buds, oozes white sap from petiole

A

Norway Maple=Acer platanoides

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2
Q

has leaves wider than high, blunt red-green buds, has reddish foliage

A

Crimson King Norway Maple=Acer platanoides ‘Crimson King’

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3
Q

grows upright with light green foliage, leaves have 3-5 lobes, has a small red bud, silvery gray bark with black horizontal streaks, with a red or yellow fall color

A

Red Maple=Acer rubrum

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4
Q

grows weedy (leaves drooping a little) with deeply sinused leaves, has small red buds

A

Silver Maple=Acer saccharinum

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5
Q

grows upright and wide, has tapered leaves, buds are brown, pointed and sharp, young bark is smooth, old is plated samara 60 degrees

A

Sugar Maple=Acer Saccharum

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6
Q

it is a groundcover, 3 lobed leaves with white veins

A

English Ivy=Hedera helix

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7
Q

has compound leaves, buds are a shiny black under the petiole, twigs are green

A

Japanese Pagodatree=Sophora japonica

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8
Q

grows very straight, bud is a duckbill (split open into quacking duck in winter), leaves like a cat head, fruit-cone shaped

A

Tulip tree=Liriodendron tulipifera

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9
Q

pinnate compound leaves, dioecious, weedy tree, ends of the twigs are glaucous, leaflets have lobes

A

Box Elder=Acer negundo

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10
Q

palmate compound leaves, large sticky buds, spiny fruits

A

Horsechestnut=Aesculus hippocastanum

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11
Q

small tree, striated bark, red-purple pointed buds, small apple-like fruit

A

Shadblow Serviceberry=Amelanchier canadensis

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12
Q

white bark with gray splotches and horizontal lenticels (lines), accuminate apex leaves with truncate base, has single catkins

A

Gray Birch=Betula populifolia

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13
Q

grows upright open, crescent-shaped leaf scar, pinnate compound leaves with opposite spacing, fall foliage purple to orange, one -wing samara seeds, dioecious

A

White Ash=Fraxinus americana

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14
Q

grows rounded and slightly compact, d-shaped leaf scar, curved branches with fine compound pinnate leaves with opposite spacing, fall foliage yellow, has one-winged samara

A

Green Ash=Fraxinus pennsylvanica

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15
Q

pinnate and bipinnate compound leaves, has zig-zag branches, older trees form a sort of umbrella of leaves, has tiniest leaflets and rachises of all in class, legume has giant beanpods

A

Thornless Honeylocust=Gleditsia triacanthos inermis (all underlined)

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16
Q

pinnate compound leaves, very pubescent, naked cream colored long ‘claw’ buds, fuzzy rachis, fuzzy egg-shaped fruit, dark brown chambered pith

A

White/Butternut Walnut=Juglans cinerea

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17
Q

pinnate compound leaves, slightly pubescent, naked brown colored short ‘claw’ buds, buds may be superposed, round fruit like tennis balls, tan chambered pith

A

Black Walnut=Juglans nigra

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18
Q

exfoliating (peeling) bark on older trees, bud below the petiole (hidden), 3-lobe serrated maple-like leaf but with alternate spacing, leaf-scar goes around bud, has creamy-white bark, seed balls grow singularly

A

Sycamore/American Plane tree=Platanus occidentalis

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19
Q

triangular leaves (delta) with truncate base and acute apex, large green buds,breaks easily because of fast growth rate, cotton-like seeds (like large dandelion seeds)

A

Eastern Cottonwood=Populus deltoides

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20
Q

flat petiole, crenate (rounded) margins, grayish bark, round alternate leaves, pointed buds like sugar maple

A

Quaking Aspen=Populus tremuloides

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21
Q

clustered buds, rounded lobes on leaves, rough bark, sweet acorns

A

White Oak=Quercus alba

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22
Q

pinnate compound leaves on brown twigs, straight and gangly growing, rope-like bark, legume with small peapod sized fruit, has darkest leaves of all in class, spines at the nodes

A

Black Locust=Robinia pseudoacacia

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23
Q

usually single trunk, ovate leaves with less tapered apex, bark chalky white on all of the tree and peels, has catkins in 2’s and 3’s, indistinct buds with mustaches where branch meets trunk

A

Paper/White Birch-Betula papyrifera

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24
Q

shaggy cinnamon bark, dentate leaves with large teeth

A

River Birch-Betula nigra

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25
Q

pinnate compound alternate leaves, shaggy bark on older trees and striated bark on young trees, very small lateral buds (hitchhikers) beside terminal buds, round hard nuts, golden fall color

A

Shagbark Hickory-Carya ovata

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26
Q

ovate leaves with arched venation, tree is vase-shaped, flat flower bud with tapered apex, black vegetative buds, raspberry-like fruit

A

Kousa Dogwood-Cornus kousa

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27
Q

shrub with opposite buds, has corky wing lines on twigs, bright red fall color, orange seed fruit in a capsule

A

Winged Euonymus/Burning Bush-Euonymus alatus

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28
Q

fan-shaped whorled leaves on a spur with palmate veins, spurs stay when leaves fall off, dioecious, grows very straight

A

Ginkgo-Ginkgo biloba

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29
Q

large upright growing, alternate star-shaped leaves with 5-7 lobes and finely serrated margins, spiky ball fruit

A

Sweetgum-Liquidambar styraciflua

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30
Q

rounded tree with reddish brown bark and irregular lenticels, has spurs on twigs, white fuzzy buds

A

Apple-Malus

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31
Q

vine with 3 lobed leaves, climb by tendrils and suction discs, has grape-like fruit, mostly found growing on buildings because used for landscaping

A

Japanese Creeper/Boston Ivy-Parthenocissus tricuspidata

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32
Q

vine or groundcover, has 5 palmate compound leaflets, climbs by tendrils and suction discs, not used for landscaping

A

Virginia Creeper-Parthenocissus quinquefolia

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33
Q

symmetrical uniform appearance, alternate waxy leaves that are as wide as they are tall, white pubescent buds, has spurs on twigs

A

Callery Pear-Pyrus calleryana

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34
Q

Large shrub, thick ovate opposite leaves with entire margins, double terminal buds

A

Lilac-Syringa vulgaris

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35
Q

Conical shaped tree, oblique leaf base and serrated margins, seeds grow in a cluster with a winged bracht, tree very large with sweeping hanging branches, small buds have 2 main scales (one big overlapping other smaller one),

A

Littleleaf Linden-Tilia cordata

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36
Q

Vase-shaped weed tree, simple parallel-veined alternate leaves with oblique bases and a sandpaper feel, small brown lop-sided buds and crooked terminal

A

American Elm-Ulmus americana

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37
Q

twining vine, reddish woody stem, shredding bark, ‘Tarzan vine’, woody thick tendrils, red petioles

A

Riverbank Grape-Vitis riparia

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38
Q

Twining woody vine without tendrils, engulfs whatever it grows on, has yellow fruit with orange seeds

A

Oriental Bittersweet-Celastrus orbiculatus

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39
Q

shrub with red twigs, leaves have arcuate venation, opposite buds, white pith and fruit, grows in wet stream areas

A

Red-twig Dogwood-Cornus sericea

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40
Q

shrub with purple-red twigs, tan pith and blue fruit, common to open fields but can also grow in wet stream areas

A

Silky Dogwood-Cornus amomum

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41
Q

cigar-shaped buds, elephant-hide bark, leaves have 7-9 vein pairs

A

European Beech-Fagus sylvatica

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42
Q

shrub with red stems, opposite ovate leaves with entire margins, top of leaves are dark green and bottom is silver, have strongly divergent buds and pea-sized seeds “WEEDY”

A

Lonicera-Honeysuckle

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43
Q

tall tree with exfoliating bark, trunk is green, leaves have truncate base, seed balls grow two together

A

London Planetree-Platanus x acerifolia

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44
Q

small tree, grows in clusters, dioecious, hass compound leaves, no terminal bud and pubescent stems

A

Staghorn Sumac-Rhus typhina

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45
Q

Shrub, vine, or groundcover, has compound trifoliate lobed leaflets, hairy vine, yellow fall color

A

Poison Ivy-Toxicodendron radicans

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46
Q

widespreading twiggy tree, single scale buds, really skinny and long (tranceolate) leaves

A

Golden Weeping Willow-Salix alba ‘Tristis’

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47
Q

large heavy-branched tree that commonly grows by streams, leaves have oblique base (heart-shaped), red-green buds with a two scales (1 big 1 small), fruit-winged nutlet

A

American Linden/American Basswood-Tilia americana

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48
Q

large shrub/small tree, opposite buds, ‘bird’s head’ bud, blue/black fruit (pink in spring), has suckers at base

A

Nannyberry Viburnum-Viburnum lentago

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49
Q

rounded large branches, smooth to slightly furrowed bark, large clustered buds, pointed lobes on leaves

A

Red Oak-Quercus rubra

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50
Q

tree with clustered buds, small terminal buds, pointed lobes on leaves, twiggy branches, pea-sized acorns

A

Pin Oak-Quercus palustris

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51
Q

tree with shaggy bark, leaves with rounded lobes that get wider at apex, pointed scales on clustered buds, large acorns with burs on edge of cap, narrow leaf base

A

Bur Oak-Quercus macrocarpa

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52
Q

*small understory tree, tri-lobed opposite leaves with serrated margins, white/gray bark with green stripes (purple in winter), stalked valvate bud

A

Striped Maple-Acer pensylvanicum

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53
Q

*small understory tree, has glabrous alternate leaves with doubly serrate margins, smooth gray bark with ridges, fruit is a cluster of leafy wings with a nutlet

A

American Hornbeam/Muscle Wood-Carpinus caroliniana

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54
Q

*small understory tree, pubescent alternate leaves with doubly serrate margins, brown/gray flaky bark, has 3 catkins at 90 degree angle, fruits have cluster sacks like hops

A

American Hophornbeam-Ostrya virginiana

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55
Q

*small tree with a rounded top, leaves have arcuate venation, checkered bark, small green vegetative buds, red football shaped fruit

A

Flowering Dogwood-Cornus florida

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56
Q

*shrubby weedy tree, arcuate venation, brown green divergent vegetative buds, cherry-like fruit, flower bud is bulbous like an onion

A

Cornelian Cherry Dogwood-Cornus mas

57
Q

*elliptical leaves with doubly serrate margins, twigs smell/taste like wintergreen, dark horizontal lenticels on bark that doesnt peel, has catkins

A

Black Birch-Betula lenta

58
Q

*fruit are small and dark, orange pubescent hairs along mid-rib of glossy green leaves that may have either serrated or entire margins, glands at petiole, smells like almond extract

A

Black Cherry-Prunus serotina

59
Q

Leaves are star shaped, double ‘cow hoof’ buds, striated bark, twigs red above and green underneath

A

Japanese Maple-Acer palmatum

60
Q

Leaves are star shaped and alternate, double ‘cow hoof’ buds, striated bark, twigs red above and green underneath, purple-leaved

A

Japanese Red Maple-Acer palmatum atropurpureum

61
Q

Large shrub to small tree, T-shaped leaves with 3 lobes, has many small samaras, pedicels stay on when the fruit drops, red double buds

A

Amur Maple-Acer ginnala

62
Q

Medium tree, 3-5 lobed leaves with a rounded sinus, milky sap, pubescent down petiole and underside of the leaf

A

Hedge Maple-Acer campestre

63
Q

Pinnate compound leaves, exfoliating reddish bark (like ecsema)

A

Acer griseum-Paperbark Maple

64
Q

Multi-stem dense shrub with thin spines on every node, red football fruit

A

Japanese Barberry-Berberis thunbergii

65
Q

Multi-stem dense shrub with thin spines on every node, red football fruit, purple foliage

A

Japanese Purpleleaf Barberry-Berberis thunbergii var. Atropurpurea

66
Q

large tree, pinnate compound 7-11 leaflets, large sulfur yellow bud, bark slightly furrowed but does not peel (like ash)

A

Bitternut Hickory-Carya cordiformis

67
Q

upright growing medium sized tree, sub-opposite buds with a crimson double terminal bud (deer hoof), ovate light green leaves with cordate base and crenate margins, and shaggy bark

A

Katsuratree-Cercidiphyllum japonicum

68
Q

shrub, suckering grows in a group, stems and twigs gray, has narrow leaves and white fruit with red pedicels

A

Gray Dogwood-Cornus racemosa

69
Q

large tree with smooth gray bark, cigar-shaped buds, leaves with more than nine vein pairs

A

American Beech-Fagus grandifolia

70
Q

medium-sized tree, simple leaves with three different shapes (oval, tri-lobed + mitten shaped), smells like fruit loops

A

Sassafras-Sassafras albidum

71
Q

alternate leaves with a narrow base and wide top, naked brownish buds, young stems are zig-zagged, last plant to bloom

A

Witchhazel-Hamamelis virginiana

72
Q

genus with needles in clusters

A

Pine-Pinus

73
Q

genus with pointy needles that bite, needles are square (clunk when you roll them in your fingers), bark comes off when you pull off needles

A

Spruce-Picea

74
Q

genus with soft needles, underneath is generally white, has cones that stand up, bark stays on when you pull needles off

A

Fir-Abies

75
Q

genus with pointed buds and softest needles that are flat, cones have ‘rat-tails’ on them

A

Douglasfir-Pseudotsuga

76
Q

multi-stem shrub, palmately opposite compound leaves, pear-shaped woody fruit

A

Bottlebrush Buckeye-Aesculus parviflora

77
Q

wide branching shrub, grows in partial shade, simple opposite leaves with serrate edges and elliptical shape, magenta-white (bluish-purple in fall) clumps of fruit hand tight to stem

A

Beautyberry-Callicarpa

78
Q

heavy coarse textured tree, large whorled leaves, rounded leaf scars, fruit-long thin capsule (like skinny cigar-18” long)

A

Northern Catalpa-Catalpa speciosa

79
Q

suckering shrub, woody capsule heads, alternate leaves with finely serrated margin, white flowers in the spring

A

Sweet Pepperbush-Clethra alnifolia

80
Q

upright large leguminous tree, pinnate compound alternate leaves, terminal leaf is larger, smooth gray bark (yellow under bark), hidden buds, Frankenstein’s monster of a tree.

A

American Yellowwood-Cladrastis kentukea

81
Q

large shrub, straggly appearance, simple oval alternate leaves, brown-purple stems, strong odor when crushed, large pubescent panicle flower structure, purplish black buds

A

Smokebush-Cotinus Coggygria

82
Q

thorned apple tree (can be long or short thorns) , shredded bark

A

Hawthorn-Crataegus

83
Q

multi-stem shrub, clustered pointed buds, square stem, chambered-hollow pith, opposite lanceolate leaves with serrated top half, bright yellow flowers with ‘worty stem’

A

Forsythia-Forsythia x intermedia

84
Q

large shrub, alternate leaves with finely serrate margins, red fruits with black dots at base

A

Winterberry Holly-Ilex verticillata

85
Q

upright or spreading shrub to 7-10’, multiple stems, opposite leaves with woody stems, spiny appearance (stiff), false spines, big clusters of black fruit

A

Border Privet-Ligustrum obtusifolium

86
Q

medium shrub with small maple-like three lobed leaves, exfoliating bark, drooping inflated seed capsules, , cinnamon peeling bark when older

A

Ninebark-Physocarpos opulifolius

87
Q

Smooth red/black bark, horizontal lenticels, alternate buds, clustered toward the apex, small tree spreading into upright V shape at 3 feet, big flower buds, used as landscape plant

A

Kwanzan Cherry-Prunus serrulata

88
Q

shrub, three lobed leaves, velvety fruits, fragrant when crushed, clustered buds, imbricate scales, grow-low on ground, catkin flowers

A

Fragrant Sumac-Rhus aromatica

89
Q

compound leaves, stout stems, berries grow in clusters in the summer, young stems green, loose growth

A

Elderberry-Sambucus

90
Q

green glabrous top, silver bottom of leaf, white spots on red berries

A

Autumn Olive-Elaeagnus umbellata

91
Q

rounded shrub but can be tree, leaves opposite, soft foliage, odor when crushed, evergreen

A

Boxwood-Buxus

92
Q

shrub with multiple stems that may not branch, opposite serrated leaves with cordate base, longer buds, umbel flowers,

A

Smooth Hydrangea-Hydrangea arborescens

93
Q

only one or two stems from ground that branch off many times, whorls of 3, pink flower clusters

A

Pee Gee Hydrangea-Hydrangea paniculata

94
Q

medium shrub, white pyramid flowers, oak-like leaf, shaggy orange bark

A

Oakleaf Hydrangea-Hydrangea quercifolia

95
Q

small tree with multiple stems, cordate-orbicular leaves, petiole swollen at base of leaf blade, zig-zag twig, lenticled bark, double buds, peapod fruit, collateral buds

A

Eastern Redbud-Cercis canadensis

96
Q

pinnate compound leaves with spines, purple in winter, low-growing, yellow flowers

A

Oregon Grapeholly-Mahonia aquifolium

97
Q

clustered buds, rounded lobes with shallow sinuses on leaves, bur-like acorn cap, leaf base is not very narrow

A

Swamp White Oak-Quercus bicolor

98
Q

shrub or small tree, sub-opposite leaves with arcuate venation, black buds can be sub-opposite or alternate, purple curved buds, spines at end of twigs (take bud off and see), glossy black fruit

A

Buckthorn-Rhamnus cathartica

99
Q

shrub, opposite leaves with 3 lobes, red waxy buds

A

American Cranberrybush Viburnum-Viburnum trilobum

100
Q

alternate pinnately compound leaves, deciduous, flowering vine with flowers in clusters like grapes, legume, wraps around, fuzzy buds

A

Japanese Wisteria-Wisteria floribunda

101
Q

deciduous needled tree, needles are single or clustered on cushions except for shoot-tips, drooping branchlets

A

European Larch-Larix decidua

102
Q

fine deciduous needled tree, leaves arranged in spiral ranks, alternate buds, has ‘knees’ where roots come to surface, fluted bark

A

Baldcypress-Taxodium distichum

103
Q

coarse deciduous needled tree, leaves and buds opposite, linear flat leaves, flared ‘chunky root base

A

Dawn Redwood-Metasequoia glyptostroboides

104
Q

soft, circular leaf scars, cones point up and fall apart, needles have flatter fan, glossy waxy clustered terminal, fragrant when crushed, #1 X-mas

A

Abies balsamea-Balsam Fir

105
Q

soft thick foliage, cones point up and fall apart, flat blue needles 2-3”, circular leaf scars, rounded buds

A

Abies concolor-White Fir

106
Q

soft, thick needles that are more reflexed, cones point up and fall apart, very white stomates, not that fragrant when crushed, most desired for X-mas

A

Fraser Fir-Abies fraseri

107
Q

2 needles per cluster, dark green color, stiff straight needles, silvery buds with shard hard point, cones 4-6” long, bark deep ridge and furrow

A

Austrian Pine-Pinus nigra

108
Q

2 needles per cluster, needles/twigs snap easily when bent, thin scraggly appearance

A

Red Pine-Pinus resinosa

109
Q

3 needles per cluster, needles are twisted and 3-5” long, very small cones (2-4”) with a wide base and ‘prickles’ on tip of cone scales, buds conical and sharp pointed

A

Pitch Pine-Pinus rigida

110
Q

5 needles per cluster, soft, light green appearance, pyramidal shape when young

A

White Pine-Pinus strobus

111
Q

2 needles per cluster, needles are twisted and 2”, short rounded buds, upper portion has orange peeling bark

A

Scotch Pine-Pinus sylvestris

112
Q

stiff, dark green color, cones pointed down, orange branchlets, square needles, droopy branchlets on older trees, very common and greenest

A

Norway Spruce-Picea abies

113
Q

light blue color on younger branches, smaller blunt needles, small cones commonly heavy in the top of the tree, cones hang down and square needles

A

White Spruce-Picea glauca

114
Q

Small needles and cones, cones hang down, square needles, a little fuzz possible on stems

A

Black Spruce-Picea mariana

115
Q

white stomata under foliage, cones hang down, square needles, hanging branchlets

A

Serbian Spruce-Picea omorika

116
Q

square needles, very stiff and very sharp, coarse habit, light blue-green color

A

Colorado Spruce-Picea pungens

117
Q

cones hang down, square needles, bright blue color

A

Colorado Blue Spruce-Picea pungens glauca

118
Q

long narrow pointed buds, cones with rat-tails, soft foliage, cones hang down

A

Douglas Fir-Psuedotsuga menziesii

119
Q

pyramidal shape, loose open evergreen, 2 ranked flat needles that are 1/2” soft, small cones throughout plant and all over the place

A

Canadian Hemlock-Tsuga canadensis

120
Q

scale foliage (flat and branched ‘needle’ groups), green on top and under needles, small upright cones

A

Northern White Cedar/Arborvitae-Thuja occidentalis

121
Q

Dense shrub, mostly needled foliage, soft, fruits woody cones like soccer balls

A

Sawara False-Cypress-Chamaecyparis

122
Q

Upright evergreen, needle and scale, fleshy blue cones

A

Eastern Red Cedar-Juniperus virginiana

123
Q

Broadleaf evergreen, red fruits with black dots, spined leaves

A

Meserve Holly-Ilex x meserveae

124
Q

Simple dark green leaves, evergreen, few teeth near apex, young stems green and pubescent, red fruits with dots

A

Inkberry Holly-Ilex glabra

125
Q

Cone shaped fruits, wide leaves, speckled bark (hypertrophied lenticels), red-brown terminal bud

A

Speckled Alder-Alnus

126
Q

Shrub, small red or black fruits that stay on until December, finely serrated leaf, reddish fall foliage, red semi-pointed buds

A

Chokeberry-Aronia

127
Q

Small tree or large shrub, fuzzy buds, oblong light green leaves, entire margins, large white flowers

A

Magnolia-Magnolia

128
Q

Rounded shrub, dioecious, blue crusty berries, purple buds, deciduous, waxy leaves fragrant when crushed

A

Bayberry-Myrica

129
Q

Pinnate compound leaves, thick stems that are heavily spined, reddish fruits

A

Rugosa Rose-Rosa rugosa

130
Q

Shrub, smooth gray bark, reddish fall color, buds red glabrous scales, fuzzy pussycat under scales of bud

A

Pussy Willow-Salix discolor

131
Q

Alternate narrow oblong leaves, toothed at apex, umbels in clusters like panicled, lots of twigs

A

Snowmound Spirea-Spiraea

132
Q

Needled evergreen shrub, 3/4” needles, light green stomatic lines, aril fruit like seed pod of pomegranate

A

Yew-Taxus cuspidata

133
Q

Simple leaves, stems yellow-green in summer and reddish in winter

A

Blueberry-Vaccinium

134
Q

twiggy, blue green groundcover, purple flowers

A

Myrtle/Periwinkle-Vinca minor

135
Q

Long leaf, spiny-like bud, rusty underside of leaf, droopy

A

Rosebay Rhododendron-Rhododendron maximum

136
Q

broadleaf evergreen with upright seed capsules, whitish under leaf, big spiny bud

A

Catawba Rhododendron-Rhododendron catawbiense

137
Q

mid-size leaf, large spiny-like terminal

A

PJM Rhododendron-Rhododendron PJM

138
Q

shrub with small buds, rounded fruit, finger-like flower buds

A

Mountain Laurel-Kalmia latifolia

139
Q

evergreen, upright habit, glossy leaves that are clustered toward apex, tapered leaves with small teeth, white hanging flower, woody hanging fruits (droopy fingers)

A

Japanese Andromeda-Pieris japonica

Woody Plants (7 decks)

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