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Woody Plants > Genus and Species Descriptions > Flashcards

Genus and Species Descriptions Flashcards

1
Q

Acer saccharum

A

orange fall color, surface feeding, has poor heat tolerance, high oxygen demanding so requires well-drained sols. It is a climax species. Almost most common tree in NY.
Affected by Asian Longhorn Beetle, verticillium wilt and decline.

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2
Q

Acer platanoides

A

yellow fall color, surface roots, low branching, grass killing, wide open samaras and ridge and furrow bark. Invasive species.
Affected by Tar Spot disease and verticillium wilt
Crimson King cultivar-seedlings of cultivar are called Acer platanoides rubrum

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3
Q

Acer rubrum

A

Red/yellow fall color, named for red flowers, has a slight breakage problem (grows fast), yellows with high pH and dry soils, provenance issues, true pioneer

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4
Q

Acer sacharinum

A

Yellow fall color, invasive high roots, prefers wet sites, shallow poor soils, weakwooded, true pioneer
Affected by many different pests and verticillium wilt

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5
Q

Acer negundo

A

(aka Manitoba/Ashleaf Maple) adaptive, good hot dry areas and cold winter, dioecious, true pioneer

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6
Q

Castanea dentata

A

(American Chestnut), 1906 blight killed most throughout US within a decade, one of best building timbers ever known.

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7
Q

Fagus grandifolia

A

poorest transplant success

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8
Q

Fagus sylvatica

A

preferred landscape plant

varieties: atropunicea/atropurpurea (purple leaved), pendula (weeping/drooping), fastigiata (grows straight up)

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9
Q

Robinia pseudoacacia

A

Leguminaceae/Fabaceae, weedy, likes extremely dry soils, can be invasive, wood doesnt rot
Affected by leaf miner and mimosa webworm, true pioneer

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10
Q

Sophora japonica

A

Leguminaceae/Fabaceae, weak branching, last tree to flower *(Styphnolobium)

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11
Q

Salix

A

Salicaceae, weak wood, invasive, wt site tolerant, (babylonica most commonly sold-hardy up to Maryland), pioneer

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12
Q

Tilia

A

Tiliaceae, Tolerant, native & introduced, flowers attract bees but flower is often poison to them
Affected by sooty mold and bark canker

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13
Q

Paulownia

A

(Empresstree), wood very valuable and fire-resistant, common to dry sites

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14
Q

Catalpa speciosa

A

Trumpet Creeper family (Bignoniaceae) tolerates dry, has pods but not legume

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15
Q

Carya

A

Golden fall color, Shagbark requires moist soils, all other hickories require dry sites, climax plant

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16
Q

Fraxinus

A

in the Olive family (Oleaceae), valuable lumber and landscape plant, has straight grain that is susceptible to tearing, transplants easily, dioecious
Affected by mites (cause galls), Emerald Ash Borer and Ash Yellows

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17
Q

Ginkgo biloba

A

Ginkgoceae family, yellow fall color, stinky fruits, not affected by any diseases or pests, invasive root problem

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18
Q

Gleditsia triacanthos

A 
Legume family (Leguminaceae/Fabaceae/Caesalpinaceae), capture N from air and convert into nutrient source therefore can grow in bad soils, like dry sites (too much moisture will suffocate rhizobia), pioneer
Affected by bark canker, mimosa webworm, and plant bugs
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19
Q

Juglans

A

Juglandaceae, yellow or nothing fall color, prefer moist soils-not wet, weed tree, tolerates dry soils, timber trees, have allelopathy, pioneer
Affected by leaf blight (especially Butternut)

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20
Q

Liquidambar styraciflua

A

Witchhazel family (Hamamelidaceae), when transplanting first take leaves off or it will die, more southern plant (NY is out of its range), bootom land plants (good street trees bcuz can handle low O2 levels), pioneer

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21
Q

Liriodendron tulipifera

A

Magnoliaceae, yellow fall color, tallest tree in NE, pioneer

Affected by scales and sooty mold

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22
Q

Platanus occidentalis

A

Platanaceae, native to streams and bottom-lands, good high pH and pollution tolerant, easy to transplant, pioneer
Affected by anthracnose, rosey canker (n gas leak), “bumpy lumpy stem” (physical hit)

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23
Q

Platanus x acerifolia

A

Platanaceae, (hybrid), less susceptible to anthracnose than Sycamore
variety: ‘Bloodgood’-fully resistant to anthracnose

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24
Q

Pyrus calleryana

A

Rosaceae, crimson fall color, tolerant, best to transplant w/o leaves, resistant to fire blight, invasive

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25
Q

Populus

A

Salicaceae, cheap lumber, usually only survive for around a decade (fast growing), pioneers, can grow on toxic sites and are used for stream remediation using waddles (plant stems about 1” thick in streambank so they shoot up and decrease erosion)
tremuloides have largest distribution in NA and very site tolerant
grandidentata (Bigtooth Aspen)
deltoides grows by streambank

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26
Q

Quercus

A

Fagaceae, half of annual hardwood lumber production in US, strong-wooded, climax plant, acid soils, require mycorrhizae, red transplant much more easily than white, have cones of juvenility
Harmed by overfertilization (kills microorganisms/mycorrhizae), cant take up nutrients without acid soils (becomes iron-deficient)
Affected by oak wilt and anthracnose

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27
Q

Ulmus

A

Ulmaceae, vase-shaped, tolerant, fairly rot-resistant, have bark inclusion at times so break
Affected by Dutch Elm disease-symptom of ‘flagging’ (dead branch at top of tree where disease enters), chinese and siberian elm resistant, phloem necrosis (kills and has wintergreen odor)
Jefferson and Princeton are best resistant cultivars

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28
Q

Zelkova serrata

A

(Japanese Zelkova), Ulmaceae, good replacement for elm, easily transplants, massive root system that can cause problem for sidewalks, site tolerant, ozone indicator, valuable lumber in Japan

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29
Q

Acer palmatum

A

Aceraceae, well-drained, likes moderation

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30
Q

Acer ginnala

A

Aceraceae, cold hardy, moist open fields, tolerant

31
Q

Acer griseum

A

Aceraceae, part shade to full sun, true shade and cold site plant

32
Q

Amelanchier

A

Rosaceae, understory but likes full sun
Sassakatoon (blueberry-like)
Affected by heat (attracts lacebugs) and lacebugs (sap-sucking)

33
Q

Betula populifolia

A

Betulaceae, poor thin aerated soils, like warmer

34
Q

Betula papyrifera

A

Betulaceae, farther N species, loamy soils, more moisture than Gray

35
Q

Betula nigra

A

Betulaceae, wet sites, good city tree, cant tolerate sand

36
Q

Betula lenta

A

Betulaceae, hardy down South, wintergreen

37
Q

Betula alleghaniensis

A

(Yellow/Swamp Birch), Betulaceae, grows in colder spots, most wintergreen

38
Q

Carpinus caroliniana

A

Betulaceae, native understory, shade and damp stream sites

39
Q

Ostrya virginiana

A

Betulaceae, native understory, tough pioneer

40
Q

Hamamelis

A

Hamamelidaceae, last plant to bloom in October

41
Q

Rhus

A

Anacardiaceae (Cashew family), pioneer invasive, white fruit are poisonous, common to disturbed sites, tend to clump together

42
Q

Larix Decidua

A

easy to transplant, needs well-drained soil and full sun not tolerant of shade, likes disturbed sites

43
Q

Taxodium distichum

A

Cupressaceae, southern swamps, flood tolerant, most rot-resistant wood

44
Q

Metasequoia glyptostroboides

A

easy to transplant, no disease, fossils

45
Q

tsuga

A

native to northern cool slopes, wooley adelgid, not planted very much anymore

46
Q

Juniperus

A

Cupressaceae, fleshy cones, pioneer, best in full sun, acid or limey soils, not good in wet or shade sites
affected by phomopsis tip blight and cedar apple rust

47
Q

Juniperus virginiana

A

dry site plant

48
Q

Thuja occidentalis

A

moist site plant

49
Q

Atlantic White-Chamaecyparis thyoides

A

wet site plant (swamps)

50
Q

Taxus

A

landscape plant, require fertile well-drained soils (wet sites kill), seeds of aril are poisonous
affected by Black Vine Weevil

51
Q

Forsythia

A

full sun, yellow flowers in the spring susceptible to frost damage

52
Q

Lonicera tatartica

A

Tatarian Honeysuckle, red or orange fruits, site tolerant plant

53
Q

Hydrangea

A

flowers-blue=acid, pink=basic, indicators of drought (shrivel up when they need water but come back to life when they get it)

54
Q

Viburnum

A

pioneer, can thrive in heavy clay to sandy soils, not dry, need crosspollination for good fruit
affected by Viburnum Leaf Beetle

55
Q

Syringa

A

Oleaceae, thrive in full sun and wind, rejuvenate pruning (remove old stems)
affected by powdery mildew

56
Q

Ilex

A

Aquifoliaceae, mostly evergreens but most cold hardy are deciduous, need high oxygen acidic soils, dioecious

57
Q

Ilex opaca

A

American Holly, native to New England through Florida within 100 miles of coast, acid soils

58
Q

Ilex meserveae

A

hybrid of Canadian and English hollies, cold hardy broadleaf evergreen

59
Q

Ilex glabra

A

seashore tolerant, wet site and cold hardy

60
Q

Ilex verticillata

A

deciduous, native to cold swampy wet areas

61
Q

Prunus serotina

A

natives are long-lived (most cherries only live 25 yrs)

affected by Black knot disease

62
Q

Prunus serrulata ‘Kwanzan’

A

used in Washington Cherry Festival

63
Q

Rhododendron

A 
Ericaeceae (Heath family), largest genus of woody plants, all require acid soils, moderate shade, and moist but not wet sites, deadhead pruning
all azaleas (5 stamens and funnel/trumpet flowers) are rhododendrons (10 stamens and bell flowers)
evergreen azaleas=Delaware Valley White+Hino Crimson--affected by canker, powdery mildew, and Black Vine Weevil
64
Q

Rhododendron maximum

A

requires shade

65
Q

Rhododendron catawbiense

A

most common landscape, native to Blue Ridge Mountains

Roseum elegans-most hardy catawba cultivar and most common

66
Q

Kalmia

A

Ericaceae, poor tolerance of pollution and urban situations

67
Q

Pieris

A

Ericaceae

affected by lacebug (black under leaf)

68
Q

Hedera helix

A

attach by root-like hairs, sun or shade very poor with SW exposure, invasive

69
Q

Pachysandra

A

groundcover, avoid full sun-causes yellowing

70
Q

Vinca minor

A

better full sun than shade, avoid SW exposure, blue flowers

71
Q

Euonymus fortune

A

tolerant, invasive

72
Q

Coronillia varia

A

Crown Vetch, Leguminaceae, common along highways, blooms pink in summer

73
Q

Pueraria lobata

A

Kudzu Vine, fastest growing vine in the U.S. (60 ft a yr), mostly impacts southern forest by covering things

Woody Plants (7 decks)

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