Treatments - Mechanism of Action

Question 1

Mechanisms of Red LLLT (Low Level Light Therapy)?

Answer 1

• A 633nm wavelength bright red light that is applied to the skin, The photons (light particles) penetrate through the cellular membrane and absorbed by cytochrome c oxidase, the target chromophore, this creates a photochemical reaction
• The photochemical reaction results an indirect increase in cyclic AMP (cAMP), increase adenosine triphosphate (ATP), intracellular calcium, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and photodissociation of nitic oxide (NO)

Benefits: In result better cell performance to reduce inflammation, wound healing, rejuvenation, cell proliferation (cell turn over), hair growth, post treatment

Question 2

Mechanisms of Near Infrared LLLT?

Answer 2

• A 830nm wavelength invisable light that is applied to the skin.
  The light energy is absorbed by photoaccpetors in cell membrane, creating a photophysical reaction
• The photophysical reaction alters the molecules characteristics by rotating and vibrating them to which activates the membrane-located transport mechanism
• This mechanism increase cell energy, leading to adenosine triphosphate (ATP), intracellular calcium, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and photodissociation of nitic oxide (NO) before into signal transduction and gene expression, resulting observable effects

Benefits: increase cell energy, promoting cell regeneration, reduce inflammation, muscle tension and pain

Question 3

Mechanisms of Blue LLLT?

Answer 3

• A 415nm wavelength blue light that is applies to the skin. The porphyrins in p/c.acnes bacteria absorbs the energy from the blue light which creates a photocohemical reaction

Benefits: in result, induces bacteria death, reduce acne, and free radical damage

Question 4

Mechanisms of Diamond Microdermabrasion?

Answer 4

• The diamond tip and suction resurfaces the skin by creating gentle abrasion to remove the SC, while vacuuming debris and dead skin cells, can also help lymphatic draining

Question 5

Mechanisms of Crystal Microdermabrasion?

Answer 5

• The positive pressure propels aluminium oxide crystals onto the skin creating small abrasions to remove the SC, and uses negative pressure to vacuum the left over crystal and debris on the skin.

Question 6

Mechanisms of Ultrasound/Dermal delivery? (I&E)

Answer 6

• It consists a handheld device containing a piezoelectric crystal that contacts and refracts, which turns the electrical current/energy into audio/sound waves
• The audio/soundwaves creates heat and vibration, which helps disorganises the corneocytes and create gaps for the ingredients to penetrate deeper into the skin/epidermis

Mechanism of Action
- Cavitation: - bubbles formation in SC, the oscillations (move back an forth) and shock wave from bubbles collapse causes disorganisation to the channel formation (SC). Active ingredients move via channels into the skin
- Thermal effects: Ultrasound generate heat in tissues, increase diffusion of active ingredients
- Convective transport: Movement of fluids within tissue by ultrasound energy help move active ingredients

Question 7

Mechanisms of Thermolysis (Electrolysis)?

Answer 7

• Alternating current that is creating a friction making a thermal response, thermal response travels down through the insulated tip producing only heat/thermal energy of the tip of the probe.
• Heat collected disperse down the base of hair follicle denaturing stem cells, only works on Anagen stage
• In result, heat generation, coagulation and tissue destruction at the site.

Question 8

Mechanism of Chemical Peels?

Answer 8

• Utilise chemical substance to produce desquamation of the SC remodels the skin.
• Mechanisms of action can vary depending on the active substance or substances contained in the peel. AHA & BHA

Question 9

Mechanism of Light Based Hair Removal (LBHR)?

Answer 9

The light is attracted to the pigment in hair or the blood supply that is attached to the hair follicles, the light travels through the hair shaft and a thermal reaction occurs which destroys the hair follicles

Question 10

Mechanism of Hydro-Microdermabrasion?

Answer 10

• The diamond tip and suction resurfaces the skin by creating gentle abrasion to remove the SC while hydrating the skin.
• Also vacuums debris and dead skin cells, and help lymphatic draining

Question 11

Mechanism of Galvanic (Electrolysis)?

Answer 11

• A direct current that reacts with water and salt molecules within the cells which creates a chemical reaction
• The chemical reaction forms sodium hydroxide (NAOH) or lye at the tip of the probe
• In result, unravels proteins (of cell) causing the cells to die. Only works in anagen phase