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Core Conditions > Treatments > Flashcards

Treatments Flashcards

1
Q

GORD

A

PPI + H2 antagonists + Lifestyles changes

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2
Q

Peptic Ulcers

A

H-pylori = CLATM ( 2 out of Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin, Tetracycline, Metronidazole + PPI)
No infections = Antacids, Antacids, PPI

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3
Q

Crohn’s

A

Stop smoking
Corticosteroids
Immunosuppressants - Azathioprine, Mercaptopurine or Methotrexate
Surgical resection

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4
Q

UC

A

Mesalazine, analgesia, surgical resection

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5
Q

IBS

A

Lifestyle modification

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6
Q

Infective gastroenteritis

A

Rehydration

BRAT ( Bananas, Rice, Applesauce and toast)

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7
Q

Pancreatitis

A 
Acute = Fasting, analgesia
Chronic = Enzyme replacement
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8
Q

Gallstones

A

Medical - Ursodiol

Surgical - Cholecystectomy

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9
Q

Hepatitis

A

B - Vaccine available but treatment mostly symptomatice

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10
Q

Appendicitis

A

Appendectomy

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11
Q

Bowel Obstruction

A

Endoscopic stenting or bowel resection if perforation or peritonitis

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12
Q

Hernias

A

Some left as asymptomatic

Surgical repair

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13
Q

ACS

A 
Acute = MONAC + PCI
Chronic = Lifestyle changes, Aspirin/ Clopidogrel + ACEi, B-blockers and Ca-blockers, Statin
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14
Q

Angina

A

Modify risk factors

GTN spray, B/Ca-Blockers, Aspirin and Statin

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15
Q

AF

A

Rate control - B-blockers/Digoxin
Rhythm Control - Chemical (Amiodarone) or Electrical (Shock)
Thromboprophylaxis - Warfarin

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16
Q

Hypertension

A

1) < 55 = ACEi, >55 or Black = Ca-blockers
2) ACEi + Ca-blocker
3) Add Thiazide diuretic
4) Consider Sprinonolactone

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17
Q

DVT

A

Treatment dose of LMWH

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18
Q

LVF

A 
Acute = Furosemide
Chronic = ACEi + B-blockers
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19
Q

CHF

A

Lifestyle changes

ACEi + B-blockers + Duiretics

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20
Q

Breast Abscess

A

Advise to continue breastfeeding and give analgesia
Abx - flucloxacillin
If does not settle then FNA and culture

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21
Q

Fibrocystic Disease

A

Analgesia and well supported bra

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22
Q

Ductal Papilloma

A

Excision - Microdochetomy or total duct excision

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23
Q

Breast Carcinoma

A

Excision - Wide local or total mastectomy then Chem/Radiotherapy
Tamoxifen for 5 years post

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24
Q

T1 Diabetes

A

Insulin

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25
Q

T2 Diabetes

A

Depending on severity
Lifestyle advice
Metformin + Gliclazide

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26
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Levothyroxine

27
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

Block and replace - Carbimazole + Levothyroxine
Radioactive Iodine
Thyroidectomy

28
Q

Cushings

A

If pituitary or adrenal adenoma then surgical removal

Ketoconazole - inhibits cortisol

29
Q

Iron Deficiency Anaemia

A

Ferrous Salts orally

Treat underlying cause if found

30
Q

Macrocytic Anaemia

A

If B12 or Folate deficiency treat with supplements
B12 = Hydroxycobalmin
Folic acid tablets
If both must give B12 first

31
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Encourage exercise, weight loss, dietary changes

Analgesia, Corticosteroid injections and joint replacements

32
Q

Gout

A 
Acute = NSAIDs, Analgesia, Colchicine
Chronic = Allopurinol prophylaxis
33
Q

Septic Arthritis

A

Empirical Flucloxacillin/ Erythromycin + fusidic acid
Drain and clean joint
Replace prosthetic joint
Immobilise joint in early stages but mobile again to avoid contractures

34
Q

Prolapsed disc

A

Bed rest and analgesia + physio

Surgery if cauda equina symptoms

35
Q

Depression

A

Talking therapy, support groups, sort out underlying problems
SSRIs, Tricyclics

36
Q

Anxiety

A

Talking therapies - Bio-psycho-social approach
CBT
SSRI’s, Tricylics, Benzo’s

37
Q

Alcohol dependance

A

AA groups etc

Acute withdrawal = Pabrinex + Benzo’s

38
Q

Delirium

A

Treat underlying cause

Halloperidol/ Lorazepam - sedatives

39
Q

Dementia

A

Pt centred care

Donepezil

40
Q

Stroke/TIA

A

Ischaemic:
Within 4.5 hrs = Alteplase (TPA), outside 4.5 = Aspirin
Chronic = Combination of Aspirin, Clopidogrel and Dipyridamole
Haemorrhagic = Reverse anticoagulants with prothrombin concentrates or surgical clipping or repair

41
Q

SAH

A

Surgical prevention of further bleeding

Long term = lifestyle changes

42
Q

Epilepsy

A

Sodium valproate, Carbemazepine, Levitarecetam, Lamotrigine, Phenytoin

43
Q

Bacterial Meningitis

A

IV/IM Benzylpenicillin
Nutritional support and analgesia
Corticosteroids

44
Q

Migraine

A

Analgesia + antiemetics
Severe = triptans
Prophylaxis - B-blockers, amitryptilline

45
Q

Tension headache

A

Simple OTC analgesia
Massage
Relaxation techniques
Chronic = Amitriptyline

46
Q

Parkinsons

A

Levodopa + Carbidopa/Benseazide

47
Q

UTI

A

Uncomplicated - Nitrofurantoin/ Trimethoprim

Fluids and analgesia

48
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

Rest, fluids and analgesia

Abx - Ciprofloxacin/Co-amoxiclav empirically

49
Q

Hydronephrosis

A

Partial block and no infection = fluids, analgesia
Complete block = Catheter/stenting
Infection = Abx

50
Q

AKI

A

Treat underlying cause if possible

Fluids, stop nephrotoxic drugs, treat complications - Hyperkalaemia, acidosis, pulmonary oedema

51
Q

CKD

A

Lifestyle and diet changes
Review medications
BP + DM control
Dialysis / RRT if severe

52
Q

BPH

A

Alpha blockers - Doxazosin
5-alpha-reductase inhibitors - Finasteride
Surgery if very large

53
Q

Prostatic carcinoma

A

Prostatectomy + Chemo/radiotherapy

54
Q

Acute asthma

A

High flow O2, Nebulised salbutamol, antimuscarinic, IV hydrocortisone or oral prednisolone

55
Q

COPD

A

Stop smoking
Inhalers - Salbutamol, Salmeterol, Tiotropium, ICS, Oral prednisolone
Oxygen therapy

56
Q

Bronchial Carcinoma

A

NSCLC - Neo-adjuvatn chemo to downstage then surgical resection and then adjuvant chemo/radiotherapy
SCLC - Combined chemo/radiotherapy - 5yr survival = 25 %

57
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Tension = Large bore cannula decompression
Chest drain
O2 therapy
If recurrent then pleurodesis

58
Q

Pleural effusion

A

Treat underlying disease
Tap effusion for symptomatic relief
Chest drain or pleurodesis

59
Q

Lobar Pneumonia

A

CAP - Amoxicillin/macrolide - add fluclox if stap aureus suspected
HAP - Co-amox

60
Q

Pulmonary Embolus

A

LMWH/Fondaparinux + 100% O2
Warfarin for 3 months post
Rivaroxaban prophylaxis

61
Q

Peripheral vascular disease

A

Lifestyle modification
B-blockers, antiplatelets and peripheral vasodilators
Surgery - angioplasty/ bypass

62
Q

AAA

A

< 5.5 cm = monitor

> 5.5 cm = Endovascular stenting or open resection

63
Q

Varicose veins

A

Reassure few serious complications
Lifestyle advice - avoid standing/sitting for long periods of time
Can be removed for cosmetic reasons

Core Conditions (10 decks)

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