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Treatments Flashcards

1
Q

GORD

A

PPI + H2 antagonists + Lifestyles changes

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2
Q

Peptic Ulcers

A

H-pylori = CLATM ( 2 out of Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin, Tetracycline, Metronidazole + PPI)
No infections = Antacids, Antacids, PPI

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3
Q

Crohn’s

A

Stop smoking
Corticosteroids
Immunosuppressants - Azathioprine, Mercaptopurine or Methotrexate
Surgical resection

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4
Q

UC

A

Mesalazine, analgesia, surgical resection

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5
Q

IBS

A

Lifestyle modification

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6
Q

Infective gastroenteritis

A

Rehydration

BRAT ( Bananas, Rice, Applesauce and toast)

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7
Q

Pancreatitis

A 
Acute = Fasting, analgesia
Chronic = Enzyme replacement
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8
Q

Gallstones

A

Medical - Ursodiol

Surgical - Cholecystectomy

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9
Q

Hepatitis

A

B - Vaccine available but treatment mostly symptomatice

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10
Q

Appendicitis

A

Appendectomy

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11
Q

Bowel Obstruction

A

Endoscopic stenting or bowel resection if perforation or peritonitis

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12
Q

Hernias

A

Some left as asymptomatic

Surgical repair

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13
Q

ACS

A 
Acute = MONAC + PCI
Chronic = Lifestyle changes, Aspirin/ Clopidogrel + ACEi, B-blockers and Ca-blockers, Statin
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14
Q

Angina

A

Modify risk factors

GTN spray, B/Ca-Blockers, Aspirin and Statin

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15
Q

AF

A

Rate control - B-blockers/Digoxin
Rhythm Control - Chemical (Amiodarone) or Electrical (Shock)
Thromboprophylaxis - Warfarin

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16
Q

Hypertension

A

1) < 55 = ACEi, >55 or Black = Ca-blockers
2) ACEi + Ca-blocker
3) Add Thiazide diuretic
4) Consider Sprinonolactone

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17
Q

DVT

A

Treatment dose of LMWH

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18
Q

LVF

A 
Acute = Furosemide
Chronic = ACEi + B-blockers
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19
Q

CHF

A

Lifestyle changes

ACEi + B-blockers + Duiretics

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20
Q

Breast Abscess

A

Advise to continue breastfeeding and give analgesia
Abx - flucloxacillin
If does not settle then FNA and culture

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21
Q

Fibrocystic Disease

A

Analgesia and well supported bra

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22
Q

Ductal Papilloma

A

Excision - Microdochetomy or total duct excision

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23
Q

Breast Carcinoma

A

Excision - Wide local or total mastectomy then Chem/Radiotherapy
Tamoxifen for 5 years post

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24
Q

T1 Diabetes

A

Insulin

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25
T2 Diabetes
Depending on severity Lifestyle advice Metformin + Gliclazide
26
Hypothyroidism
Levothyroxine
27
Hyperthyroidism
Block and replace - Carbimazole + Levothyroxine Radioactive Iodine Thyroidectomy
28
Cushings
If pituitary or adrenal adenoma then surgical removal | Ketoconazole - inhibits cortisol
29
Iron Deficiency Anaemia
Ferrous Salts orally | Treat underlying cause if found
30
Macrocytic Anaemia
If B12 or Folate deficiency treat with supplements B12 = Hydroxycobalmin Folic acid tablets If both must give B12 first
31
Osteoarthritis
Encourage exercise, weight loss, dietary changes | Analgesia, Corticosteroid injections and joint replacements
32
Gout
``` Acute = NSAIDs, Analgesia, Colchicine Chronic = Allopurinol prophylaxis ```
33
Septic Arthritis
Empirical Flucloxacillin/ Erythromycin + fusidic acid Drain and clean joint Replace prosthetic joint Immobilise joint in early stages but mobile again to avoid contractures
34
Prolapsed disc
Bed rest and analgesia + physio | Surgery if cauda equina symptoms
35
Depression
Talking therapy, support groups, sort out underlying problems SSRIs, Tricyclics
36
Anxiety
Talking therapies - Bio-psycho-social approach CBT SSRI's, Tricylics, Benzo's
37
Alcohol dependance
AA groups etc | Acute withdrawal = Pabrinex + Benzo's
38
Delirium
Treat underlying cause | Halloperidol/ Lorazepam - sedatives
39
Dementia
Pt centred care | Donepezil
40
Stroke/TIA
Ischaemic: Within 4.5 hrs = Alteplase (TPA), outside 4.5 = Aspirin Chronic = Combination of Aspirin, Clopidogrel and Dipyridamole Haemorrhagic = Reverse anticoagulants with prothrombin concentrates or surgical clipping or repair
41
SAH
Surgical prevention of further bleeding | Long term = lifestyle changes
42
Epilepsy
Sodium valproate, Carbemazepine, Levitarecetam, Lamotrigine, Phenytoin
43
Bacterial Meningitis
IV/IM Benzylpenicillin Nutritional support and analgesia Corticosteroids
44
Migraine
Analgesia + antiemetics Severe = triptans Prophylaxis - B-blockers, amitryptilline
45
Tension headache
Simple OTC analgesia Massage Relaxation techniques Chronic = Amitriptyline
46
Parkinsons
Levodopa + Carbidopa/Benseazide
47
UTI
Uncomplicated - Nitrofurantoin/ Trimethoprim | Fluids and analgesia
48
Pyelonephritis
Rest, fluids and analgesia | Abx - Ciprofloxacin/Co-amoxiclav empirically
49
Hydronephrosis
Partial block and no infection = fluids, analgesia Complete block = Catheter/stenting Infection = Abx
50
AKI
Treat underlying cause if possible | Fluids, stop nephrotoxic drugs, treat complications - Hyperkalaemia, acidosis, pulmonary oedema
51
CKD
Lifestyle and diet changes Review medications BP + DM control Dialysis / RRT if severe
52
BPH
Alpha blockers - Doxazosin 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors - Finasteride Surgery if very large
53
Prostatic carcinoma
Prostatectomy + Chemo/radiotherapy
54
Acute asthma
High flow O2, Nebulised salbutamol, antimuscarinic, IV hydrocortisone or oral prednisolone
55
COPD
Stop smoking Inhalers - Salbutamol, Salmeterol, Tiotropium, ICS, Oral prednisolone Oxygen therapy
56
Bronchial Carcinoma
NSCLC - Neo-adjuvatn chemo to downstage then surgical resection and then adjuvant chemo/radiotherapy SCLC - Combined chemo/radiotherapy - 5yr survival = 25 %
57
Pneumothorax
Tension = Large bore cannula decompression Chest drain O2 therapy If recurrent then pleurodesis
58
Pleural effusion
Treat underlying disease Tap effusion for symptomatic relief Chest drain or pleurodesis
59
Lobar Pneumonia
CAP - Amoxicillin/macrolide - add fluclox if stap aureus suspected HAP - Co-amox
60
Pulmonary Embolus
LMWH/Fondaparinux + 100% O2 Warfarin for 3 months post Rivaroxaban prophylaxis
61
Peripheral vascular disease
Lifestyle modification B-blockers, antiplatelets and peripheral vasodilators Surgery - angioplasty/ bypass
62
AAA
< 5.5 cm = monitor | > 5.5 cm = Endovascular stenting or open resection
63
Varicose veins
Reassure few serious complications Lifestyle advice - avoid standing/sitting for long periods of time Can be removed for cosmetic reasons

Core Conditions (10 decks)

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