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Core Conditions > Abdominal > Flashcards

Abdominal Flashcards

1
Q

Is GORD more common in Men or Women

A

3x more common in men

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2
Q

Causes of GORD

A

Failure of LOS, Increased abdominal pressure and delayed gastric emptying

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3
Q

3 symptoms of GORD

A

Acid reflux, Oesophagitis and Halitosis

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4
Q

3 Investigations of GORD

A

Endoscopy, pH Manometry and Barium Swallow

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5
Q

Treatment of GORD (Medical and Surgical)

A

Lifestyle changes, PPI and H2 antagonist/ Fundoplication

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6
Q

2 Main causes of Peptic ulcers

A

H.pylori and NSAIDs

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7
Q

Differences between Gastric and Duodenal Ulcers

A

Gastric - Aggravated by eating, relieved by vomiting, more common in older
Duodenal - Relieved by food so causes weight gain and more common ages 25-50

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8
Q

Investigations of Peptic Ulcers

A

Endoscopy, H.pylori breath/stool test

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9
Q

Treatment of Peptic Ulcers

A

If no H.pylori - Antacids and H2 antagonists

H.pylori - CLATM - Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin/ Metronidazole and PPI

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10
Q

Differences between Crohns and UC

A

Crohns - Can affect whole of GI tract, full thickness affected, most common in ileocecal region, smoking increases risk,
UC - Only colon involved, continuous, superficial, smoking is protective, blood and mucus in stools.

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11
Q

Common age range for Crohns

A

Adolescence and early adulthood

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12
Q

Treatment of Crohns

A

Stop smoking, corticosteroids acutely and immunosuppression chronically - Azathioprine, Methotrexate etc

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13
Q

Investigation of IBD

A

Faecal Calprotectin

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14
Q

Treatment of UC

A

Analgesia, Mesalazine and Surgical Resection

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15
Q

Age range for IBS

A

20-30 yrs

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16
Q

Symptoms of IBS

A

Uncomfortable and painful abdomen, relieved by defecation/ passing wind

17
Q

Symptoms of Infective Gastroenteritis

A

Sudden Diarrhoea +/- blood and mucus, +/- nausea and vomiting, fever and malaise

18
Q

Treatment of IG

A

Fluids and Analgesia

- No Abx unless blood in the stool

19
Q

Causes of Pancreatitis

A

I GET SMASHED - Gallstones and Alcohol most common

20
Q

Acute Pancreatitis Symptoms

A

Upper abdo pain, radiates to the back, lasts <72 hrs

  • Cullens and Grey Turners Sign
  • Worse after eating
21
Q

Chronic Pancreatitis Symptoms

A

Less severe but similar pain

22
Q

2 Signs of Acute Pancreatitis

A

Raised Amylase/Lipase

23
Q

Acute Pancreatitis Treatment

A

Fasting, Analgesia and IV Fluids

24
Q

Chronic Pancreatitis Treatment

A

Enzyme replacement therapy and Somatostatin

25
Q

Gallstone Risk Factors

A

Fat, Female, Forty, Fertile

26
Q

Most common type of Gallstone

A

Cholesterol - 80%

27
Q

Symptoms of Gallstones

A

Biliary Colic - Right epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, jaundice, pale stools and dark urine

28
Q

Treatment of Gallstones

A

Cholecystectomy oir Ursodiol to dissolve if small

29
Q

2 Modes of Hepatitis Virus Transmission

A

A+ E = Faeco-oral

B + C = Blood borne

30
Q

Symptoms of Hepatitis Infection

A

Fever, Jaundice (Intrahepatic), Nausea, anorexia

31
Q

Age range for Appendicitis

A

10-20 years

32
Q

Symptoms of Appendicitis

A

Generalised pain becoming localised - McBurney’s Sign

Nausea, Vomiting, Constipation/Diarrhoea

33
Q

Investigations of Appendicitis

A

Urinalysis and USS

34
Q

Symptoms of Bowel Obstruction

A

Nausea, Vomiting, Constipation, Pain and Dysphagia

35
Q

Common causes of Small Bowel Obstruction

A

Adhesions, Malignancy and Hernia

36
Q

Common causes of Large Bowel Obstruction

A

Malignancy, Volvulus and Diverticular Disease

37
Q

Define a Hernia

A

Protrusion of a structure through the wall containing it

38
Q

Differences between Femoral and Inguinal Hernia

A 
F = 4,000/yr, more common in women, reducible and do not reappear on cough
I = 70,000/yr, more common in men and reappear on cough
39
Q

Difference between Direct and Indirect Inguinal Hernias

A 
Indirect = Through the internal inguinal ring and the canal
Direct = Through weakness in canal (Hesselbach's Triangle)

Core Conditions (10 decks)

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