Locomotor Flashcards

1
Q

Which is the most common form of arthritis

A

Osteoarthritis

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2
Q

Pathology of OA

A

Loss of cartilage and joint space, remodelling of bone and inflammation

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3
Q

Risk factors of OA

A

FH, Age, Female, Obese, Joint injury,

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4
Q

Symptoms OA Vs RA

A

OA - Weight bearing joints, activity related pain, no morning stiffness, exacerbated by exercise and relieved by rest
RA - Hands, and feet, morning stiffness - improves throughout the day with movement

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5
Q

OA investigations + treatment

A

X-ray - looking for osteophytes

Modify risk factors, analgesia and corticosteroids

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6
Q

Risk factors for Gout

A

Male, Red meal, Alcohol, Obesity, CKD, CHF, HTN, DM, Psoriasis

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7
Q

Gout Pathology

A

Hyperuricemia due to deficiency of HGPRT which increases the de-novo pathway for purine production leading to excess - This is broken down to uric acid, increasing blood conc.

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8
Q

Most common gout joint

A

MTP of the big toe

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9
Q

Confirmation of gout diagnosis

A

Monosodium urate crystals in joint fluid

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10
Q

Gout Treatment

A

Acute - NSAIDs and Colchicine
Prophylaxis - Allopurinol and lifestyle advice
Do not start Allopurinol in acute attack but if already established can continue

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11
Q

Most common organism responsible for septic arthritis

A

Staph Aureus

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12
Q

Risk factors for septic arthritis

A

Age, Diabetes, Joint Damage/ replacement, Skin Infections

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13
Q

Presentation of Septic Arthritis

A

Hot, Painful and Swollen Joint

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14
Q

2 Stages of Prosthetic joint septic arthritis

A

Early - Inflammation, discharge and effusion

Late - Pain and Mechanical dysfunction

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15
Q

Joint aspiration colours

A
Normal = Straw coloured
Inflamed = Cloudy
Septic = Opaque
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16
Q

Septic arthritis treatment

A
Flucloxacillin empirically (Erythromycin if allergic) + Fusidic acid + Gentamicin if immunosuppressed. 
Also joint drainage
17
Q

A what ages does a prolapsed disc happen?

A

< 40yrs as disc degenerates with age and becomes unable to prolapse

18
Q

Symptoms of prolapse

A

Strenuous exercise, acute back pain, sciatic pain, aggravated by movement

19
Q

Which discs are most common?

20
Q

Investigations of prolapse

A

Usually clinical diagnosis - X-ray usually normal and MRI reserved for surgical patients

21
Q

Treatment of prolapse

A

Bed rest, Analgesia, Epidural corticosteroids

Surgery if Bladder symptoms or foot drop