Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK CM > Treatments > Flashcards

Treatments Flashcards

1
Q

Spinal stenosis

A

*Pain control
*PT–>cycling, swimming
*steroid injections
surgical= decompression
laminectomy
**surgery only for refractory or severe cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Akylosing Spondylitis

A
  • first line: NSAIDS + exercise + PT
  • second line: Anti-TNF drugs if no resp to NSAIDS
  • –>Etanercept
  • –> Adalimumab
  • –> Infliximab
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Thoracic outlet syndrome

A
  1. conservative management for 95% cases
    * PT
    * Pain relief
    * avoid activities that compress neurovascular bundle
  2. if above doesnt work– surgical decompression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Olecranon Bursitis

A
  • olecranon bursitis=padding to area, NSAIDS, ACE wrap for compression
  • septic bursitis= drainage and ABX—-Dicloxacillin or Clindamycin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Olecranon fx

-displaced and non-displaced

A

TX:

  • non-displaced: reduction and posterior long arm splint–90 degrees flexion
  • *ALLLL are considered intraarticular and need reduction
  • –>after splinting–TAKE XR

*displaced: ORIF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

elbow dislocation

A
  • stable (+pulses)= EMERGENT reduction w/ long (posterior) arm splint at 90 degrees—XR— ortho follow up
  • Unstable=ORIF
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

radial head fx

  • displaced
  • nondisplaced
A
  • nondisplaced= immobilization: sling, long arm splint 90 degrees
  • displaced: surgical ORIF
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ulnar shaft (nightstick) fracture

  • –>nondisplaced distal 1/3
  • –>nondisplaced mid-prox 1/3
  • —>displaced
A
  1. nondisplaced distal 1/2=short arm cast
  2. nondisplaced mid-proximal 1/3=long arm cast
  3. displaced (>50%)= ORIF
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Monteggia fx

A

If Unstable fracture–>needs ORIF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Galeazzi fx

A
  • this is unstable fx—needs ORIF

* long arm/sugar tong splint before surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Lateral Epicondylitis aka tennis elbow

A
  • conservative: activity modifications, RICE, NSAIDS, counterbalance braces, interarticular steroid injections for short-term relief
  • can take up to 6 MO to heal
  • surgery if refractory to conserv management
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Medial Epicondylitis aka golfer’s elbow

A
  • sim to lateral but harder to treat
  • conservative=activity modification, RICE, NSAIDS, counterbalance braces, intraarticular steorid injections for short term relief,
  • can take up to 6 MO to heal
  • srugery if refractory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cubital tunnel syndrome

A
  • wrist immobilization esp with sleep
  • NSAIDS
  • chronic=intraarticular steroids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Scaphoid (navicular) fx

  • displaced
  • non displaced
A
  • nondisplaced fx or snuffbox tenderness=thumb spica splint

* displaced= >1mm: ORIF or pin placement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Scapholunate Dissociation

A
  • initial: radial gutter splint

* surgical repair of the scapholunate ligament usually req to prevent degenerative arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Colles fx

  • stable
  • unstable
A
  • stable=closed reduction followed by sugar tong splint or cast
  • ORIF if comminuted or unstable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Smith’s fx

A
  • Stable + initial management: closed reduction followed by sugar ton splint or cast
  • ORIF if comminuted or unstable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Lunate dislocation

A
  • ortho emergency!!!!

* emergent closed reduction and split followed by ORIF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

lunate fx

A
  • immobilization with orthopedic ref/FU

* *NOT ortho emergency like the lunate dislocation is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

scoliosis

  • tx based on what three things*
    1. angles <25 degrees
    2. when do consider bracing and who gets it—contras
    3. surgical corrections
A
  • skel maturity * severity of deformity * curve progression *
    1. observation and monitoring progression every 6-9 MO
  1. Bracing: stops progression in pts wih flexible deformity and still skeletally immature
    *if cobb angle incrs 5 degrees or more over a 3-6 MO period
    or
    *some patients with cobb angle of 30-39 degrees
    *contra: if skeletally mature, little growth remaining, cobb angle >50 degrees or <20 degrees
  2. Surgical: alternative to bracing if >40 degrees
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

herniated disc aka nucleus pulposus

  • conservative
  • second line and when is it done
  • operative
A
  1. conservative: preferred initial tx–>NSAIDs + continuation of ordinary activities as tolerated + PT
  2. corticosteroid injections: second line if refractory——-and usually done after MRI sed to diagnose disc dz
  3. surgical: laminctomy and discectomy—-if persistent and disabling pain > or greater than 6 weeks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

lumbosacral sprain/strain

A
  1. analgesics (NSAIDs) and resume normal activites is pref
  2. brief bed red (max 2 days) if mod pain
  3. muscle relaxants may help with spasms in some cases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

compression fx

A
  1. orthopedic & neurosurgery consult to determine appropriate workup and management—either conservative or surgical
  2. conservative: observation, analgesics, bracing with gradual return to activity
  3. surgical: kyphoplasty may be used if s/s are severe or persistent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Spondylolysis

  • asympto
  • sympto
  • bracing?
A
  1. low-grade or asympto: observation, no activity or restriction
  2. Sympto: PT and activity restriction in some PTs
  3. Bracing may be helpful for acute pars stress reaction or failed PT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Spondylothisthesis

  • mild
  • severe
A
  1. mild: tx like spondylolysis–PT, activity restrction in some cases
  2. severe: cases may need surgical intervention
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Cauda Equina Syndrome

A

TX—CALL ORTHO/SURGERY/NEURO ASAP

  1. emergent decompression
  2. Corticosteroids to reduce infalmm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

RA

A

goal is to minimize pain + swelling, prvent progression, help PT remain as functionl as possible

  1. exercise to maintain ROM and muscle strength
  2. DMARD (methotrexate or Leflunomide) + NSAID for immediate sympt control
    * **DMARDs started early!!!
  3. Corticos second line for ss control— this does not slow the dz process tho
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Reactive Arthritis

A
  1. first line: NSAIDs
  2. if no response: sulfasalazine or Methotrexate second line +/- intraarticular glucocorticoid injections
    * NO ABX*—- they do not fix the reactive arthritis—- only used to treat the underlying cause (GI or GU infection)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Polyarteritis Nodosa

A
  1. Glucocorticoids +/- Cyclophosphamide if severe or refractory
  2. Hep B+: tx for BHV and possible tx with plasmaphoresis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

polymyalgia rheumatica

A
  1. low-dose corticos=initial toc

2. methotrexate is no resp to corticos OR if corticos are contraindicated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Polymyositis

A
  1. high dose corticosteroids first line

2. Methotrexate, Azathioprine, IVIG, Mycophenolate—refrac to steroids or if contra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Dermatomyositis

A
  1. high dose glucocorticoids first line
    2 Hydroxychloroquine useful for skin lesions
  2. Immunosuppressive agents for patients who don’t respond to steroids or if corticosteroids are contraindicated (methotrexate, azathioprine, IVIG, mycophenolate)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Fibromyalgia

A
  1. conservative tx: initial tx–>stay active + low intensity exercise
  2. 1st line medical tx–>amitriptyline (TCA)
    * SNNRI: Duloxetine or Milnacipram OR cyclobenzaprine alternative
  3. Local anesthetic at trigger points
  4. Pregabalin FDA approved esp for sleep s/s
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Sjogren Syndrome

A
  1. Increase mucosal secretions–>artificial tears to prevent corneal ulcer, increase fluid intake, sugar free gum, artificial saliva and fluoride treatments
  2. Cholinergic drugs: Pilocarpine or Cevimeline=incrs salivation + lacrimation
    SE: diaphoresis, flushing, sweating, bradycardia, dirrhea, N/V
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Systemic Sclerosis aka Scleroderma

A
  • organ specific
    1. GERD: PPIs
    2. Hypertensive renal dz: ACEI
    3. Raynauds: vasodilators–CCBs
    4. severe: DMARDs: methotrexate, Mycophenolate, Cyclophosphamide for refrac or severe
    5. Pulmonary fibrosis: Cyclophosphamide
    6. Pulm HTN: Bosentan, Sildenafil
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

antiphospholipid syndrome

A

asympto: no tx
- recurrent thrombosis may require lifelong Warfarin or other type of anticoag
- low molecular weight Heparin used in pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Systemic Lupus Erythematous
mild and define mild
-mod and define
-severe and define

A

*tx depends on level of organ involvement
FOR ALL PT: sunscreen + avoidance of prolonged sun exposure

MILD (skin, joint, mucosal s/s)

  • hydroxychloroquine w/ or w/o NSAIDs and/or short term low-dose glucocorticoids
  • sometimes NSAIDs can be used alone for very mild dz

MODERATE: significant but non-organ threatening

  • hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine+ short term glucocorticoid
  • CAN ADD: Belimumab—monoclonal antibody that inhibs B-lymphs—reserved for active cutaneous or MSK dz unresponsive to glucos or other immunosuppressants

SEVERE: life or organ threatening
*high dose glucos or intermittent IV “pulses” of Methylprednisolone with other immunosuppressive agents (cyclophosphamide, Mycophenolate, Rituxmab)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Jeuvenille Rheumatoid Arthritis
-1st
2nd
severe

A
  1. NSAIDs=1st line
  2. Steroids=2nd or NSAIDs not eff
    * *PT

Severe or as second line: Anakinra (interleukin-1 rec inhib), methotrexate, lefluonmide

IF (+)ANA= routine eye exams every 3 MO bc of uveitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Pelvic Fx

A

dep on severity and location

WATCH OUT FOR BLEEDING=mc complication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

hip dislocation

A

-conservative=closed reduction under conscious sedation
OR
ORIF surgery

41
Q

Hip fx

A

Surgical ORIF

42
Q

Trochanteric Bursitis

A
  1. rest and NSAIDs
  2. Steroid injs
  3. surgery if all else fails— resection of bursa
43
Q

Congential hip dislocation/dysplasia

A

<6MO: Pavlik harness
6m-2y: closed reduction in OR
*monitoring with routine hip xrays until skeletal maturity

44
Q

SCFE

A

*non-weight bearing with crutches followed by internal fixation

45
Q

Leg Calve Perthes Dz

A
  • observation with activity restriction (non-weight bearing inititally)
  • orthro f/u
  • usually self limiting condition–revascularization within 2 years
  • PT
  • brace/cast
  • surgical for advanced cases
46
Q

TIbial or Fibular fx

A
  1. nondisplaced and closed: tx with full leg cast for 4-6 weeks–>then below knee walking cast for another 4-6 weeks
  2. comminuted or displaced–>ORIF
47
Q

bakers or popliteal cyst

A
  • conservatice: ice, NSAIDs
  • intraarticular cortico injections help with knee pain + swelling
  • neeedle drainage for very large cysts
  • refractory cases=surgical excision
48
Q

MCL and LCL injuries–grade 1-3

A
  • Grades 1=sprain and grade 2=incomplete tear–> conservative: pain control, PT, RICE, NSAIDs, immobilizer
  • grade 3=complete tears=surgical if very bad
49
Q

PCL injury

A
  1. conservative if PCL ONLY: rest, ice, compression and elevation (RICE), NSAIDs, knee immobilizer
  2. surgical: if acute injury or assoc with multiple injuries
50
Q

ACL injury

A

TX—therapy vs surgical— depends on activity level of PT

  • CONVERSATIVE: nsaids, ICE, compression and PT
  • SURGICAL: mainly done in younger/atheltic PT
51
Q

Mensical tear

A
  1. conservative: RICE, ortho f/u, PT

2. Surgical: arthroscopic repair or partial meniscectomy if severe or persistent

52
Q

Patellofemoral sydrome (Chondromalacia)

A
  • conservative: RICE, nsaids, rehab=initial tx

* elastic knee sleeve for patellar stabilization

53
Q

patella dislocation

A
  1. Closed reduction–>push anteriomedially on patella while gently extending the leg
  2. post reduction films*******
  3. knee immobilizer
  4. quad strengthening
54
Q

Patellar fx

A

non displaced=knee immobilizer + leg cast

*displaced=surgery

55
Q

Femoral Condyle Fx

A
  • IMMEDIATE ortho consult
  • ORIF
  • usually heals poorly
56
Q

Tibial Plateau Fx

A
  1. conservative: non-weight bearing initially with high hinged knee-brace + ortho f/u IF NOT DISPLACED
  2. Dispalced=surgery
57
Q

Knee (tibial/femoral) dislocation

A

IMMEDIATE ORTHO CONSULT FOR:

  1. prompt reduction
  2. most cases require surgrical intervention
  3. CHECK PULSES*****
58
Q

Osgood-Schlatter Dz

A
  • conservative: RICE, NSAIDs, knee immobilization—– most s/s resolve w.in 12-24 MO
  • surgical only if refractory and if so…. only done after growth plate closes
59
Q

ankle sprain

A
  1. RICE
  2. NSAIDs
  3. crutches first 2-3 days
  4. ACE wrap for support
60
Q

achilles tendon rupture

A
  1. nonoperative: splint initially then cast

2. surgical repair

61
Q

Ankle fx in general

A

*dep on aligment of bones and stability of the ankle joint
GOAL=have bones heal as closely to perfect as possible
—>misalignment as ilttle as 2cm can lead to arthritis

stable break w.o displacement= splint or cast w/ or w/o crutches
unstable or displaced= surgical repair

62
Q

Stress (march) fx

A
  • rest
  • avoid high impact activities
  • ice
  • split
  • NSAIDs
  • SURGERY only for the high risk areas like the 5th metasaral
63
Q

Plantar Fasciitis

A
  • Rest
  • ice
  • NSAIDS
  • heel/arch support in shoes (orthotics)
  • PT
  • steroid inj if no relief with conservative tx
  • can take up to 1 yr to fully heal….. if not better post 1 yr– surgery
64
Q

Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome

A
  • INITIAL= conservative–NSAIDS, rest, orthotics, properly fitted shoes
  • corticos if refractory to initial tx
  • surgery–tunnel release for severe cases
65
Q

Hallux Valgus (Bunion)

A
  • 1st line: comfortable, wide-toed shoes

* surgical repair if refractory to conserv tx

66
Q

Neurpathic (charcot) Arthropathy

A
  • conservative: rest, non-weight bearing. Accommodative footwear
  • surgical rarely performed—- only indicated if severe deformity
67
Q

morton’s neuroma

A
  1. conservative: metatarsal support or pad, broad-toed shoes with firm soles
  2. glucocoticoir inj if refractory
  3. surgical resection
68
Q

Jones fx

A

TX
*non weight bearing in short leg cast for 6-8 weeks

COMPS
*nonunion or malunion— which then needs surigcal repair

69
Q

Lisfranc Injury

A
  • ORIF

* then non weight bearing cast for 12 weeks

70
Q

post and ant shoulder dislocations

A

ANT=reduction and immobilization
MUST CHECK AXILLARY NERVE for injury b4 AND after reductio.

POST=reduction and immobilization

71
Q

AC separation

A
  • types 1-3: conservative (ice, brief sling immobilization and rest). early rehab for ROM preservation
  • types 4-6: surgical reattachement of ligaments
72
Q

Shoulder impingement syndrome

A

TX= conserv + PT

73
Q

Adhesive capsulitis aka frozen shoulder

A
  • rehab= mainstay.
  • anti-inflamms
  • intraarticular steorid inj
  • heat
74
Q

Rotator cuff tear and tendinitis

A

TEAR:

  • conservative
  • surgery for refractory (>6MO)

TENDONITIS

  • Shoulder pendulum or wall climbing exercises
  • ice
  • rest
  • NSAIDs
75
Q

humeral head fx

A

Sling immobilization, analgesics & physical therapy

76
Q

Humeral shaft fx

A

Coaptation splint or sling with prompt ortho follow up

Surgical if open fracture, vascular or brachial plexus injuries

77
Q

Osteomalacia

A

Treatment is aimed at the underlying cause
Vitamin D supplementation and calcium supplementation
For patients with severe vitamin D deficiency, they should be given 50,000 IU of Vitamin D2 or D3 PO once a week for 6-8 weeks, then 800 IU of vitamin D3 thereafter

78
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta

A

Bisphosphonates
PT
surgical interventions
Most PT are wheelchair bound

79
Q

Torticolis

A
  • If torticollis in early infancy is left untreated, a striking facial asymmetry can persist.
  • Passive stretching is an effective treatment in up to 97% of all cases.
  • Surgical release of the muscle origin and insertion if the deformity does not correct with passive stretching during the first year of life
  • For acquired torticollis in childhood, traction or a cervical collar usually results in resolution of the symptoms within 1 or 2 days.
80
Q

Scoliosis

A
  • Depends on the curve magnitude, skeletal maturity, and risk of progression.
  • Specific management is dependent on the Cobb angle, measured on a standing PA x-ray of the spine.
  • Curvatures of less than 20 degrees typically do not require treatment unless they show progression.
  • Bracing is indicated for curvatures of 20–40 degrees in a skeletally immature child.
  • Curvatures greater than 40 degrees are resistant to treatment by bracing.
  • Thoracic curvatures greater than 70 degrees have been correlated with poor pulmonary function in adult life, leading treatment algorithms toward preventing progression to this extreme.
  • Curvatures reaching a magnitude of 40–60 degrees are indicated for surgical correction as they are highly likely to continue to progress.
  • Surgical intervention consists of spinal instrumentation and fusion.
81
Q

acute osteomylelitis

A
  • Prompt antibiotics - for 4-6 weeks. At least two weeks of IV antibiotics.
  • Empiric Tx in adults = Nafcillin, Oxacillin, Cefazolin (Vancomycin if PCN allergy)
  • Vancomycin if MRSA!**

*If suspecting pseudomonas (IVDU, puncture wound) vanco + cefepime or cipro

82
Q

chronic osteomyelitis

A

Treatment = surgical debridement and cultures

83
Q

Osteoarthritis

A
  1. Lifestyle modifications = weight management, exercise
  2. Analgesia =
    * *Acetaminophen is the first choice. NSAIDS also work well, but have more side effects, particularly in the elderly. Topical NSAIDS can be used if one or two joints.
  3. Steroid injections (but more than 3-4 injections per year is not recommended)
  4. Surgery (joint replacement) if serious disability
84
Q

septic arthritis

A

Management:

  1. PROMPT IV ABX TREATMENT!
  2. Joint drainage as needed
  3. Debridement as needed

ABX choice:
1. Empiric = Ceftriaxone & Vancomycin
If KNOWN to be gonococcal = Ceftriaxone alone is sufficient

85
Q

compartment syndrome

A
  1. Emergent fasciotomy to decompress the compartment
  2. While waiting for surgery: place limb at level of heart, remove constrictive clothing or casts, etc., IV fluids and O2.
86
Q

avasc necrosis

A
  1. Non operative management with bed rest, non-weight bearing, and medications including bisphosphonates and pain medication.
  2. Joint-preserving procedures aimed at halting or slowing the progression:
    * *Core decompression (taking out the dead tissue and sometimes filling the cored area with grafts
    * *Grafting - creating a structural support for the bone from fibular grafts
  3. Total joint replacement
87
Q

Gout

A
  • ***ACUTE:
    1. NSAIDS (not asa)—superior to colchicine
    2. corticosteroids– if refractory to NSAIDS or NSAIDS contra–injected into joint or oral
    3. Colchicine– if NSAIDs and steroids dont work
  • **PROPHYLAXIS
    1. avoid purine rich foods
    2. allopurinol–>decrs uric acid production
    3. Uricosuric drugs (probenecid)–>incrs urine excretion of uric acid
    4. Colchicine (lower doses)
88
Q

pseudogout

A

TX

  1. first lne= NSAIDS (if 2+ joints invovled)
  2. corticos inj (if 1 or 2) or PO (2+ joints)
  3. colchicine—-can be used acutely or prohylaxtically in PT with 3+ pseudogout attacks/yr
89
Q

Osteoporosis

A

LIFE STYLE MODS:

  1. CA 1,500 mg/day and Vit D 800 mg/IU supplementations per day
  2. weight bearing exercises
  3. smoking cessation

PHARMACO TX—indicated for pts with T score of -1.5–> -2.5 OR under -2.5

  1. Bisphosphonates are 1st line for prevention and management
    *PO: Alendronate and Risedronate are preferred–>if cannot tolerate PO, IV can be done
    MOA: inhibit bone reabsorption and decrease osteoclastic activity, which decrease the risk of fractures
  2. Denosumab–>Monoclonal antibody prevents osteoclasts from developing
    * good for high risk PT or PT who failed bisphosphonates
  3. Teriparatide–>PTH therapy— incrs bone mineral density– SEVERE osteoporosis ( t-score < -3.5)
  4. Raloxifene–> selecive estrogen receptor modifer–>inhibs bone resoprtion and reduces risk of vertebral fx—- also used for BCA prophylaxis
90
Q

Osteochondroma and prognosis

A
  • Management = observation if asymptomatic
  • Symptomatic = surgical resection of lesion
  • > should be excised if it interferes with function, is frequently traumatized, or is large enough to be deforming.
  • The prognosis is excellent. Malignant transformation is very rare.
91
Q

Paget’s dz of bone aka osteitis deformans

A

FIRST LINE TX=bisphosphonates

92
Q

Osteoid Osteoma

A
  1. NSAIDs with serial exmas/xrays every 6 MO–most resolve spontaneously over years
  2. SYMPTO=surgical resection
    * PROGNOSIS=excellecent.. no known cases of malignant transformation
    * but does have tendency to recur if incompletely excised
93
Q

Chondrosarcoma

A

TX

  • if not mets=surgical resection
  • mets=chemo
94
Q

Ewings Sarcoma

A

TX = chemotherapy followed by limb sparing resection when possible. If excision not possible, radiation.

95
Q

Acute low back pain

  • initial monotherapy
  • second line
  • third line or severe cases or refractory
A

INITIAL= NSAIDs
*acetominophen if NSAIDs contra

SECOND LINE:

  • combination tx with muscle relaxants—NSAIDS/ACETO +
    1. cyclobenzaprine
    2. diazepam (not so much)
    3. methocarbamol
    4. Carisoprodol

THIRD OR SEVERE OR REFRACTORY

  • Opioids
  • tramadol
96
Q

What red flag signs should prompt imaging in patients presenting with low back pain?

A 
fever 
trauma 
hx of CA 
neuro deficits 
weight loss 
extremes of age--- under 18 or over 50 
focal bony tenderness 
coagulopathy 
night pain 
urinary/bowel incontience
97
Q

Do boys or girls typically develop slipped capital femoral epiphysis at a younger age?

A

girls–present at younger age: 10-14
vs
boys— 12-16

98
Q

Developmental dysplasia of the hip occurs with increased incidence if an infant also has which neck condition?

A

torticolis

—mc caused by SCM fibrosis

MSK CM (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions