Basics and Tips Flashcards
define reduction
action to reposition a deformed limb into anatomical alignment
ORIF
open reduction internal fixation
—reduction done after opening skin
Sprain
tearing of ligament
Strain
tearing of a tendon
valgus
deformation of limb away from body midline
varus
deformation of the limb toward the body midline
flexum
lack or deficit of extension in the ROM of a joint
dull/ache pain describes
local pathology
burning/tingling describes
nerve-related
pain at rest that is relieved by movement
inflammatory
night pain
inflammatory
pain upon effort
mechanical pathology
pain that is not increased by movement of the joint may mean the origin is?
elsewhere and the pain is referred
xray rules of two
- 2 VIEWS: antero-posterior (AP) and Lateral
- 2 JOINTS: the joint above and below the injury
- 2 TIMES: xray b4 and after reduction or manipulation
- 2 SIDES: bilateral xrays of injured and uninjured sides for comparison
what is the diaphysis
long shaft of bone
what is metaphysis
b/w the epiphysis and diaphysis
what is epiphysis
end of bone
what is epiphyseal plate
growth plate
what is articular cartilage
covers epiphysis
what is periosteum
bone covering—- pain sensitive
what is medullary cavity
hollow chamber in bone
red marrow makes?
RBC
yellow marrow is
adipose
what is endosteum
thin layer lining the medullary cavity
open fx
when bone is exposed to air
pathologic fx
implies fx through weakened bone (previous dz there before the break)
stress fx
implies overuse or misuse
low back pain for less than 4 weeks DOES/DOES NOT require imaging?
does not
if any of the following four are present with back pain— imaging is needed
- neuro deficits—- thinking cauda equina
- spinal infection–> s/s would be fever + spinal pain + neuro deficits
- PT with CA or RF for CA + neuro deficits—— if no neuro deficits, the risks vs benefits of imaging should be weighed
- suspected compression fx—>should get at least xrays
