Basics and Tips

Question 1

define reduction

Answer 1

action to reposition a deformed limb into anatomical alignment

Question 2

ORIF

Answer 2

open reduction internal fixation

—reduction done after opening skin

Question 3

Sprain

Answer 3

tearing of ligament

Question 4

Strain

Answer 4

tearing of a tendon

Question 5

valgus

Answer 5

deformation of limb away from body midline

Question 6

varus

Answer 6

deformation of the limb toward the body midline

Question 7

flexum

Answer 7

lack or deficit of extension in the ROM of a joint

Question 8

dull/ache pain describes

Answer 8

local pathology

Question 9

burning/tingling describes

Answer 9

nerve-related

Question 10

pain at rest that is relieved by movement

Answer 10

inflammatory

Question 11

night pain

Answer 11

inflammatory

Question 12

pain upon effort

Answer 12

mechanical pathology

Question 13

pain that is not increased by movement of the joint may mean the origin is?

Answer 13

elsewhere and the pain is referred

Question 14

xray rules of two

Answer 14

1. 2 VIEWS: antero-posterior (AP) and Lateral
2. 2 JOINTS: the joint above and below the injury
3. 2 TIMES: xray b4 and after reduction or manipulation
4. 2 SIDES: bilateral xrays of injured and uninjured sides for comparison

Question 15

what is the diaphysis

Answer 15

long shaft of bone

Question 16

what is metaphysis

Answer 16

b/w the epiphysis and diaphysis

Question 17

what is epiphysis

Answer 17

end of bone

Question 18

what is epiphyseal plate

Answer 18

growth plate

Question 19

what is articular cartilage

Answer 19

covers epiphysis

Question 20

what is periosteum

Answer 20

bone covering—- pain sensitive

Question 21

what is medullary cavity

Answer 21

hollow chamber in bone

Question 22

red marrow makes?

Answer 22

RBC

Question 23

yellow marrow is

Answer 23

adipose

Question 24

what is endosteum

Answer 24

thin layer lining the medullary cavity

Question 25

open fx

Answer 25

when bone is exposed to air

Question 26

pathologic fx

Answer 26

implies fx through weakened bone (previous dz there before the break)

Question 27

stress fx

Answer 27

implies overuse or misuse

Question 28

low back pain for less than 4 weeks DOES/DOES NOT require imaging?

Answer 28

does not

Question 29

if any of the following four are present with back pain— imaging is needed

Answer 29

1. neuro deficits—- thinking cauda equina
2. spinal infection–> s/s would be fever + spinal pain + neuro deficits
3. PT with CA or RF for CA + neuro deficits—— if no neuro deficits, the risks vs benefits of imaging should be weighed
4. suspected compression fx—>should get at least xrays