Treatment Therapies Flashcards
1
Q
Types of Trauma Treatment Therapies
A
- Trauma Informed Therapy
- Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)
- Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT)
- Prolonged Exposure Therapy
2
Q
Trauma Informed Therapy
A
- Aware of trauma’s complex impact, e.g. clt was hurt by someone or something, affects coping and functioning in all areas, integrates trauma’s into every aspect of tx
- Teaches understanding psych, neuro, bio, and interpersonal effects of trauma
- Emo, psych, and physical safety must be established first, trauma txs don’t begin while trauma actively occurs
- Focuses on clts gaining back control and power
3
Q
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)
A
- Alleviates symptoms of trauma through Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing of trauma.
- Highly structured 8 step protocol.
- Used for ppl who experienced trauma and are still emotionally affected by it.
- Trauma overwhelms normal cog and neuro coping.
- Clts recall distressing images/memories, while engaging in bilateral stimulations/controlled eye movements.
- Utilizes desensitization techniques.
4
Q
Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT)
A
- Evidence-based tx for children and adolescents used to treat effects of trauma.
- Involves child’s parents/caregivers, individual sessions for child and parents and joint sessions.
- Helps reduce emo and behavioral trauma symptoms
- Relatively short term tx (8-25 sessions).
- Includes 3 stages:
1. Stabilization: Stabilization skills helps dyad tolerate trauma processing, e.g. psychoed, relaxation skills, parenting skills.
2. Trauma narrative: Allows child to tell their trauma story. Over several sessions, child gives increasing details of trauma, e.g. begins w/ facts, then thoughts and feelings. Helps make sense of experience. Is a form of exposure therapy to painful memories. As child repeats narrative more and more, emo and physio reactivity decreases.
3. Integration and consolidation: final phase, occurs after creation and processing of trauma narrative, focuses on enhancing personal safety and future growth.
5
Q
Prolonged Exposure Therapy
A
- Evidence-based tx for PTSD.
- Helps clts gradually approach trauma-related memories, feelings, situations and places that cause anxiety as a result of trauma.
- Uses imaginal (retelling of trauma memory) and in-vivo (in person) exposure.
6
Q
Types of Cognitive and Behavioral Therapy Theories
A
- Behavioral Therapy
- Cognitive Therapy
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
- Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT)
- Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
- Exposure Therapies
7
Q
Behavioral Therapy
A
- Behavioral change of occurs thru reinforcements and punishment
- Positive Reinforcement - behavior followed by a reward, increases likelihood behavior will occur again (e.g. kid gets stickers when they do chores, increasing likelihood of doing chores again)
- Negative Reinforcement - behavior followed by removal of an aversive (undesirable) stimulus, increases likelihood behavior will occur again. (e.g. teacher cancels HW after students worked hard in class, increasing likelihood they will work hard in the future.)
- Positive Punishment - undesired behavior followed by undesirable stimulus, resulting in decrease of behavior (e.g. spanking kid when they hit, decreases likelihood of hitting)
- Negative Punishment - behavior followed by removal of desired stimulus. (e.g. take away teen’s phone after they snuck out, resulting in decrease in that future behavior)
- Token Economy (Contingency Management) - exchange system using principles of operant conditioning, where a token is given as a reward for a desired behavior and may be exchanged for a reward, e.g. power, prestige, goods, or services.
- Shaping - operant conditioning in which increasingly accurate approximations of a desired response are reinforced. (e.g. teach kid to make their bed - first straighten comforter, reward behavior, then
progressively give more responsibility and reward, until they fully make the bed) - Good for children with behavioral problems.
8
Q
Cognitive Therapy
A
- Change occurs thru learning to modify dysfunctional thought patterns.
- Explore patterns of thinking and beliefs that lead to self-destructive/undesired behaviors.
- Once a clt understands the relationship between thoughts and feelings, clt’s able to modify or change existing patterns of thinking to cope with stressors in a more helpful way
- Focuses on automatic thoughts, schemas, assumptions, and beliefs.
- Good for treating anxiety and depression.
9
Q
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
A
- Change occurs by learning to modify dysfunctional thought patterns
- Once clt understands relationship between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, clt can modify or change patterns of thinking to cope w/ stressors in a more helpful way, causing a positive shift in emotions, and prob behaviors
- Thp is a collaborative teacher who uses structured learning and provides HW for clts to continue to work on behavioral change in between sessions.
- Teaches clts to monitor and write down negative thoughts, mental images, emotions, and behaviors in order to recognize how thoughts affect mood and behavior.
- Clts learn to recognize negative patterns of thought, evaluate their validity, and replace them with healthier ways of thinking.
- Negative Cognitive Triad: 1. View of self (e.g. “I’m not worth anything.”), 2. View of the world (e.g. “Everybody hates me.”), 3. View of the future (.g. “There are no hopes for my future.”)
- Automatic Thoughts - thoughts about ourselves or others ppl are often unaware of and aren’t always accurate or relevant to the situation
- Schemas - major target of CBT is changing schemas. Network of rules or templates for info processing shaped by developmental influences and other life experiences, dictate how ppl think about and interpret the world, play a role in regulating self-worth and coping skills
- Reframing - “reframing” negative or untrue assumptions and thoughts into ones that promote adaptive behavior and lessen anxiety and depression.
- Cognitive Restructuring - identify irrational, maladaptive, or distorted beliefs, question evidence for the belief, and generate alternative thoughts.
- Thought Record - records situation, automatic thought, emotion, behaviors,
and alternative thoughts/responses.
10
Q
Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT)
A
- Change behavioral, emo, and cog patterns associated w/ dysfunction by helping clts improve emo and cog regulation
- Emphasizes accepting uncomfortable thoughts and feelings and learning how to
cope w/ them. - Evidence-based tx for Borderline Personality Disorders, clts struggling w/ chronic suicidal ideation and/or self-injury, eating disorders, and substance use disorders.
- Clts can contact thp b/w sessions for ‘coaching calls’ (or texts)
- Mindfulness - practice of being fully aware and present w/o trying to change the moment.
- Distress Tolerance - teaches skills for tolerating unpleasant thoughts, feelings,
and situations w/o engaging in undesired coping mechanisms. - Interpersonal Effectiveness - teaches skills to build and maintain positive relationships.
- Emotion Regulation - teaches skills on how to manage negative or overwhelming emos, teaches understanding that negative emos are a normal part of life.
- ‘Wise mind’ helps clts balance both reason and emotion in decision making.
11
Q
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
A
- Short term, present focused therapy
- Helps clts identify and replace self-defeating rigid thought patterns, beliefs, and unhealthy behaviors interfering w/ their life goals w/ healthier thoughts and behaviors that help them achieve their goals.
- Effective for clts w/ depression, anxiety disorders, substance use issues, and generally to achieve life goals.
- Looks at underlying reasons ppl jump to conclusions, rather than focusing on inaccuracy of beliefs and labeling cognitive distortions
- Teaches unconditional self acceptance.
- Some tools used are cognitive reframing, visualizations, self-help tools, and homework
12
Q
Exposure Therapies
A
- Exposes clt to source of anxiety in a safe environment, allowing them to overcome their
anxiety. - Treats anxiety disorders (e.g. phobias, PTSD, social anxiety disorder, and GAD)
- Exposure can be an intervention strategy used w/in cognitive behavioral therapy to help
ppl confront fears. - Systematic Desensitization - treat phobias, exposes clts to progressively more anxiety provoking situations/material as they are taught relaxation skills to manage anxiety.
- Prolonged Exposure Therapy - evidence based tx for PTSD, helps clts approach trauma-related memories, feelings and situations over time.
13
Q
Family Therapy Theories
A
- Attachment Theory
- Structural Family Therapy
- Strategic Family Therapy
- Bowen Family Systems Theory
14
Q
Attachment Theory
A
- Model for understanding how attachment to early caregivers affects long term functioning.
- How a caregiver responds to infant/toddler’s cues shapes child’s world view
- Assesses bond b/w mo and kid by observing how kid responds when caregiver leaves and returns
- Secure Attachment - easy access to a wide range of feelings and memories, balanced view of parents and worked thru past hurt and anger, strong sense of self and empathy
- Preoccupied/Anxious Attachment - overwhelmed w/ anger and hurt
toward caregivers, sometimes value intimacy so much they become overly dependent on past and present attachment figures, often recall role reversal in childhood, hard time seeing their own responsibility in relationships, fear abandonment. - Dismissive/Avoidant Attachment - dismisses importance of love, connection, and emotions, idealizes caregivers, but actual memories don’t corroborate idealization, dislikes looking inward and often has shallow or lacks self-reflection, tends to be very independent, dismissive of own emotions, and others’ emotions
- Fearful/Avoidant Attachment - usually has hx of trauma or loss, dismisses importance of love and connection, often out of fear/belief they aren’t worthy of love, difficulty trusting others and may feel uncomfortable w/ emotional closeness.
15
Q
Structural Family Therapy
A
- Change occurs thru remodeling family’s org (structure).
- Joining is the first task of a structural family thp, blending in w/ family and adapting to family’s affect, style, and language.
- Many family probs arise as a result of maladaptive boundaries and subsystems
w/in family sys, thp helps family understand how family structure (relationships, alliances, and hierarchies) can be changed, impact of rituals and rules, and how new patterns of intrxn can be integrated into the family. - Enmeshed Boundaries - relatives are overly dependent and too closely involved and reactive to other relatives, experience higher incidence of incest.
- Disengaged Boundaries - relatives are disconnected and isolated, greater prevalence of substance abuse.
- Can be good for families w/ conflict b/w in-laws, parents, spouses, and/or siblings
- Family Map - tool thp uses to depict family’s relationship dynamics, including sub-systems, alliances, coalitions, and boundaries, conceptualizes case outside of the actual therapy session, not used or shared w/ family.
