Substance Use Flashcards
1
Q
Substance Use Disorder
A
- Problematic pattern of using alcohol or another substance resulting in impairment in daily life or noticeable distress.
- Often continues substance use despite consequences
- Must have at least 2 of the following for a given substance within a 12-mo period:
1. Taking the substance in larger amounts or for longer than they meant to
2. Wanting to cut down or stop using the substance but not managing to
3. Spending a lot of time getting, using, or recovering from substance use
4. Cravings and urges to use substance
5. Not managing to do what you should at work, home, or school b/c of substance use
6. Continuing to use, even when it causes relationship problems
7. Giving up important social, occupational, or recreational activities b/c of substance use
8. Using substances repeatedly, even when it puts you in danger
9. Continuing to use, even when you know you have a physical or psychological prob that could have been caused or made worse by substance
10. Needing more of the substance to get the effect you want (tolerance)
11. Development of withdrawal symptoms, which can be relieved by taking more substance.
2
Q
Substance Intoxication
A
- Development of a reversible, substance-specific syndrome as a result of recent substance ingestion
- Must include maladaptive behavior or psych changes and specific signs of substance’s effects on nervous system.
3
Q
Substance Withdrawal
A
Maladaptive behavioral change w/ physio and cog correlates, due to cessation or reduction of heavy or prolonged substance use
4
Q
Alcohol
A
- Signs of Intoxication: inappropriate sex or aggressive behaviors, impaired judgment, slurred speech, emo lability, incoordination, unsteady gait, involuntary, rhythmic eye movement, impaired attention or memory stupor (insensibility), coma.
- Signs of Withdrawal: sweating, tachycardia (fast heart beat), hand tremor, insomnia, nausea or vomiting, transient illusions or hallucinations, anxiety, psychomotor agitation, grand mal seizures, delirium
tremens (DT’s). - Symptoms of intoxication, withdrawal, and withdrawal delirium for Sedatives, Hypnotics, and Anxiolytics are the same as those associated with Alcohol
5
Q
Wernicke-Encephalopathy & Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
A
- Commonly caused by alcohol abuse
- Wernicke-Encephalopathy and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome are different conditions that often occur together due to brain damage caused by a lack of vitamin B1 (thiamine).
- Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome - chronic memory dx caused by severe deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B-1), may attempt to compensate for memory loss by fabricating memories, can cause hallucinations and personality changes, prognosis is generally poor.
- Wernicke-Encephalopathy - acute, life threatening (but reversible) condition, reqs emergency tx, results from severe acute deficiency of thiamin, may experience confusion, loss of muscle coordination (leg tremors), and vision changes (abnormal
eye movements, double vision, eyelid drooping), prognosis is good if treated accordingly.
6
Q
Amphetamines/Cocaine
A
- e.g. methamphetamines, trazadone
- Think about Wolf of Wallstreet
- Signs of Intoxication: euphoria, anxiety, hyperactivity, grandiosity, confusion, anger, paranoia, auditory hallucinations, tachycardia, altered blood pressure, dilated pupils, perspiration or chills, nausea or vomiting, weight loss, psychomotor agitation, muscular weakness, seizures.
- Signs of Withdrawal: dysphoric mood, fatigue, vivid and unpleasant dreams, insomnia or hypersomnia, increased appetite, psychomotor agitation or retardation.
7
Q
Caffeine
A
- Signs of Intoxication: restlessness, nervousness, excitement, insomnia, flushed face, diuresis, gastrointestinal disturbance, muscle twitches, rambling flow of thought and speech, tachycardia or arrhythmia, periods of inexhaustibility, psychomotor agitation.
- Signs of Withdrawal: headache (most common), changes in mood (e.g. depression, anxiety), difficulty concentrating, fatigue, increased appetite.
8
Q
Cannabis
A
- Signs of Intoxication: impaired motor coordination, euphoria, anxiety, sensation of slowed time, impaired judgment, social withdrawal, conjunctival injection (red eyes), increased appetite, dry mouth, tachycardia.
- Signs of Withdrawal: irritability, anger or aggression, nervousness or anxiety, sleep difficulty (insomnia), decreased appetite or weight loss, restlessness, depressed mood, stomach pain, shakiness/tremors, sweating, fever, chills, and/or headache.
9
Q
Hallucinogens
A
- e.g. mushrooms, LSD, peyote, & other psychedelic drugs
- Signs of Intoxication: perceptual changes, anxiety, depression, ideas of reference, paranoid ideation, pupillary dilation, tachycardia, sweating, palpitations, blurred vision, tremors, incoordination.
- Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (Flashbacks): Following the cessation of use, reexperiencing one or more perceptual symptoms experienced while intoxicated w/ hallucinogen, causes sig distress or impairment in social, occupation, or other important area of functioning.
10
Q
Opioids
A
- e.g. heroin, fentanyl, pain relievers
- Remember red head clt when found in car - had runny nose & eyes, so they brought her to hospital, in a coma, couldn’t wake up, slurred speech, couldn’t pay attention or remember, apathetic
- Signs of Intoxication: initial euphoria followed by apathy or dysphoria, pupillary constriction, drowsiness or coma, slurred speech, impairment in attention and memory.
- Signs of Withdrawal: dysphoric mood, nausea or vomiting, muscle aches, lacrimation or rhinorrhea (runny eyes & nose), pupillary dilation, diarrhea, yawning, fever, insomnia.
11
Q
Substance Use vs. Substance Induced Disorder:
A
- Substance induced dxs - dx caused by taking (or ceasing taking) drugs or alcohol.
- Substance use dx - primary area of concern is substance use, doesn’t cause another dx
- e.g. substance induced mood dx could look like depression that starts after a
person begins heavy abuse of alcohol on a regular basis, depression is induced
(caused) by substance use.
12
Q
12 Step Programs
A
- e.g. AA, NA, etc.
- Almost always part of addiction tx and are based on a disease model
- Alcoholism is a disease that cannot be cured but only controlled
13
Q
The Alcoholic Family
A
- Dependent: alcoholic family member
- Enabler: often spouse, person who does everything to get dependent to stop drinking except what might actually work (confrontation or leaving relationship)
- Hero - relative aware of what’s going on and tries to assume responsibility for family by being successful (often oldest child)
- Scapegoat: relative who rejects family sys (often 2nd child)
- Lost Child: relative who quietly withdraws from family sys (often 3rd child)
- Mascot: relative who “plays the clown” in order to relieve family tension or own pain (often youngest child)
14
Q
Remission
A
- Following specifiers are used only after NO criteria for Substance Use Dx except cravings have been met for at least 3 mos.
- Specifiers don’t apply if person is on agonist therapy [e.g., methadone] or in a controlled environment, [e.g. locked hospital unit].)
- Early Full Remission: None of the criteria for Substance Use Dx except cravings are
met for at least 3 mos but less than 12 mos. - Sustained Full Remission: No criteria for Substance Use Dx except cravings have been met for at least 12-mos (or longer).
15
Q
CAGE Questionnaire
A
- Screening tool used to ax for alcohol probs - Helps determine whether person drinks in excess and may benefit from alcohol tx
1. Have you ever felt you needed to Cut down on your drinking?
2. Have people Annoyed you by criticizing your drinking?
3. Have you ever felt Guilty about drinking?
4. Have you ever felt you needed a drink first thing in the morning (Eye-opener) to steady your nerves or to get rid of a hangover?
*Two or more “yeses” indicate individual may have alcohol prob and needs further ax
