Treatment-Related Side Effects Flashcards
How does cisplatin affect micronutrient levels?
Decrease in magnesium
What are possible acute side effects of head and neck radiation?
- Fatigue
- Mouth changes (dysgeusia, oral mucositis, xerostomia)
- Skin changes (erythema, pruritis, moist desquamation)
- Throat changes (dysphagia, odynophagia, esophagitis)
- Thick saliva
- Oral infections
- Stiffness of jaw
- Earaches
- Hair loss (in treatment field)
What are possible acute side effects of breast radiation?
- Fatigue
- Hair loss (in treatment field)
- Skin changes (erythema, pruritis, moist desquamation)
- Tenderness and swelling of breast
What are possible acute side effects of pelvis and rectum radiation?
- Diarrhea
- Fatigue
- Hair loss (in treatment field)
- Sexuality and fertility changes
- Skin changes (erythema, pruritis, moist desquamation)
- Urinary and bladder changes (urinary frequency, cystitis, incontinence)
- Rectal bleeding
What are possible acute side effects of brain radiation?
- Fatigue
- Hair loss (in treatment field)
- N/V
- Skin changes (erythema, pruritis, moist desquamation)
- Headache
- Blurry vision
What are possible acute side effects of chest radiation?
- Fatigue
- Hair loss (in treatment field)
- N/V
- Skin changes (erythema, pruritis, moist desquamation)
- Throat changes (dysphagia, odynophagia, esophagitis)
- Cough
- Dyspnea
What are possible acute side effects of stomach and abdomen radiation?
- Diarrhea
- Fatigue
- Hair loss (in treatment field)
- N/V
- Sexuality and fertility changes
- Skin changes (erythema, pruritis, moist desquamation)
- Urinary and bladder changes (urinary frequency, cystitis, incontinence)
What are possible late side effects of radiation to brain?
- Headache
- Leukoencephalopathy
- Dementia
What are some possible late side effects of radiation to bone?
- Damage to osteoblasts
- Osteopenia
What are some possible late side effects of radiation to the cardiovascular system?
- Angina on exertion
- Pericarditis
- Cardiac enlargement
- CHF
What are some possible late side effects of radiation to esophagus?
- Esophageal stenosis, fibrosis, or necrosis
What are some possible late side effects of radiation to GI tract?
- Diarrhea
- Malabsorption
- Chronic enteritis or colitis
- Intestinal changes (stricture, ulceration, obstruction, perforation, fistula)
- Proctitis
What are some possible late side effects of radiation to the head and neck?
- Trismus (restriction of the range of motion of the jaw)
- Dental decay
- Permanent xerostomia
- Alterations in taste and smell
- Osteoradionecrosis (bone death due to radiation)
- Mucosal sensitivity
What are some possible late side effects of radiation to lymphatics?
- Secondary lymphedema in irrdiated area
What are some possible late side effects of radiation to the pulmonary system?
- Dyspnea
- Cough
- Pneumonitis
What are some possible late side effects of radiation to sexual organs?
- Changes in menstruation
- Symptoms of menopause
- Infertility
- Erectile dysfunction
What are some possible late side effects of radiation to the skin?
- Telangiectasis (dilated small blood vessels)
- Pigmentation changes
- Atrophy
- Fibrosis
What are some possible late side effects of radiation to the urinary system?
- Hematuria
- Cystitis
What are possible acute and late side effects of total body irradiation that affects the bone marrow?
Acute: anemia, neutropenia, pancytopenia, hemorrhage, infection
Late: secondary hematological cancers
What are possible acute and late side effects of total body irradiation that affects the brain and CNS?
Acute: confusion, meningitis
Late: cognitive changes, memory loss
What are possible acute and late side effects of total body irradiation that affects the GI system?
Acute: xerostomia, mucositis, esophagitis, N/V/D, electrolyte imbalance, acute GVHD
Late: radiation enteritis, denudation of small intestine villi, chronic GVHD
What are possible acute and late side effects of total body irradiation that affects the skin?
Acute: generalized erythema, hyperpigmentation
Late: fibrosis, delayed wound healing, increased risk for basal cell cancers
What are the possible acute and late side effects of brachytherapy for breast cancer?
No known nutrition-related side effects
What are the possible acute and late side effects of brachytherapy for gynecological cancers?
Acute: N/D, discomfort when urinating
Late: diarrhea, bladder irritation
What are the possible acute and late side effects of brachytherapy for esophageal cancers?
Acute: esophagitis, dysphagia, odynophagia
Late: esophageal stenosis, fibrosis, ulcerations
What are the possible acute and late side effects of brachytherapy for prostate cancer?
Acute: discomfort when urinating, diarrhea, cramping, bloating, flatulence, proctitis
Late: urinary stricture, incontinence, diarrhea
What are the possible acute and late side effects of brachytherapy for tongue cancer?
Acute: mucositis, xerostomia, taste alterations
Late: xerostomia, mucosal fibrosis, ulcerations
What are the possible acute and late side effects of the radiopharmaceutical Samarium 153 (Quadramet) which is used for metastatic bone pain?
Acute: myelosuppression (anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia), N/V, neurological changes (dizziness, peripheral neuropathy)
Late: risk of secondary malignancy
What are the possible acute and late side effects of the radiopharmaceutical Strontium 89 (Metastron) which is used for metastatic bone pain?
Acute: myelosuppression (anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia), temporary increase in bone pain, flushing
Late: risk of secondary malignancy
What are the possible acute and late side effects of the radiopharmaceutical Radium 223 (Xofigo) which is used for metastatic bone pain?
Acute: myelosuppression (anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia), N/V/D, neurological changes (peripheral edema)
Late: none of note
