Nutrients and Supplementation Flashcards
Which nutrients support detoxification of carcinogens?
isothiocyanates, flavonoids?
Which nutrients support the protection of DNA from oxidation?
Vitamin A, C, D, E, and selenium
Which nutrients support DNA repair?
Folate, selenium, lycopene, retinoids
Which nutrients support cell cycle regulation?
Polyphenols, retinoids, folate, selenium
Which nutrients support the promotion of cell differentiation?
Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, retinoic acid
Which nutrients support induction of apoptosis in initiated cells?
Curcumin, polyphenols, sulforaphane, isothiocyanates, quercetin, lycopene
Which nutrients support the prevention of angiogenesis?
Indol-3-carbinol, curcumin
Which nutrients support the suppression of inflammation?
Omega-3 fatty acids, indol-3-carbinol
Which nutrients support the regulation of hormonal signals?
Soy isoflavones, vitamin D, carotenoids
Which foods contain the most ALA (alpha-linolenic acid), an essential omega 3 fatty acid?
Plant foods (flax seeds, chia seeds, walnuts, soybeans, plant oils - soy, canola, flaxseed)
What are two key components in flaxseeds that most research so far has focused on?
ALA and lignans
What is a functional food, according to AND?
“Whole foods along with fortified, enriched, or enhanced foods that have a potentially beneficial effect on health when consumed as part of a varied diet on a regular basis at effective levels based on significant standards of evidence”
What are some natural sources of resistant starch (a prebiotic)?
Bananas, legumes, beans, brown rice, quinoa, lentils, raw oat products, and raw potato starch
What food is the best non-fish source of omega-3 fatty acids, in the form of ALA?
Flaxseed
What food is a good source of inulin-type fructans?
Chicory root
What are the benefits of inulin?
Improves glucose tolerance, promotes bowel regularity, improves absorption of Mg and Ca, increases amounts of healthy bacteria while reducing levels of pathogenic bacteria in the colon, allows for production of butyrate (SCFA) which inhibits growth of colon tumor cells and promotes apoptosis
How may phytochemicals play a role in cancer chemoprevention?
By suppressing oxidative stress-induced DNA damage
Why is St. John’s Wort problematic when taking certain medications?
It may influence the cytochrome P-450 (CYP) enzyme system and reduce concentrations of some drugs (including imatinib and irinotecan, which are commonly used in cancer treatments)
What are some supplements that may interfere with the cytochrome P-450 enzyme system?
St. John’s Wort, Allium sativum (garlic), Panax ginseng, Ginko biloba, silybum marianum (milk thistle)
What are the four botanical dietary supplements that have been found to cause drug-supplement interactions in human trials?
St. John’s Wort, Goldenseal, Echinacea, and Allium (Garlic) oil
True or False: Antioxidant supplements should be routinely recommended to patients undergoing cancer therapy.
False, supplemental antioxidants should be used with great caution, especially among those seeking a curative regimen
