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Preschool Language > Treatment of the infant > Flashcards

Treatment of the infant Flashcards

1
Q

The infant in Utero

A
  • The Intrauterine Environment
  • The First Trimester- 3months
  • The Second Trimester-6 months
  • The Third Trimester- 6-9 months
  • Birth
  • Newborn
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2
Q

The womb

A

What happens in the womb is as important as

  • external factors that interrupt development, disrupt development
  • Normal completion of each phase depends on successful development of the previous phase
  • one thing messes up and everything is messed up
  • the nervous system is most at risk for injury at 3-5 months gestational age
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3
Q

Uterine Environment

A
  • The uterus is a contextual environment and motor outcomes (infants) are significantly impacted by it
  • Aquatic environment (amniotic fluid)
  • The intrauterine environment is gravity free, it is warm and the baby is protected
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4
Q

1st trimester- 3 months- 12 weeks (8)

A
  • Myelination of the nervous system occurs a few weeks after conception
  • Vestibular system begins to form at 2 months of gestation
  • major organs begin to develop in the 3 months of gestation
  • Somatosensory system is active at 7.5 weeks of gestation
  • 1st movement 7-8 weeks gestation
  • Independent arm and leg movement 8-9 weeks
  • Thumb sucking begins at three months in utero
  • 42 days a sense of smell is developing in utero (6 weeks)
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5
Q

2nd trimester 3-6 months (9)

A
  • Exploratory hand to face movement begins
  • Sneering and squinting has been observed at 14 weeks gestation
  • Liquid breathing at 4 months-helps with growth of lungs
  • Taste 15 weeks
  • 17 weeks- response to light touch throughout the body
  • 20 weeks- cochlea is functioning
  • By the end of the 2nd trimester the baby is pushing legs against the womb and rolling
  • A lot of babies who are premature come at this stage so they lose this extension flexion period that is important to development
  • Mother’s voice dominants, hear blood flow, heart beat, gastrointestinal sounds
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6
Q

3rd trimester 6-9 months (7)

A
  • Multiple facial expressions
  • By 36 weeks the vestibular system is active (not mature yet)
  • Auditory system is well developed
  • Babies are very visually driven, in the 3rd trimester visual system is established through the first 8 months gestation
  • Brain controls body temp, breathing, and contractions of intestines
  • Before full term the nerve fibers are hyperexcitable.
  • Pre-term babies are much more irritable due to these excitable nerve fibers
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7
Q

Birth (3)

A
  • Baby experiences global compression during birth, very calming and organizing (doesn’t happen with c-section)
  • Extends during birthing process (1st extension/ flexion activity)
  • get initial processing of linear and vestibular information as they get out of birth canal
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8
Q
  1. Newborn (3)

2. Abilities of newborn (3)

A
  1. Enter gravity- not used to it
    - Need to have an active role or respiration, food, elimination, and body temperature
    - Sensory experiences are no longer controlled by mom, they need to modulate themselves
  2. Abilities of newborns
  3. They seek maternal contact, recognize smell, voice, face
  4. Imitate facial expressions
  5. Direct gaze
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9
Q

Motor development red flags (6)

A
  • Flat head- infant is in a stuck fixed position (baby is not moving enough) torticollis
  • Baby can’t turn head to both sides
  • Stiff
  • Not meeting milestones
  • Only use one side (dominant in only 1 side)
  • Regression of skills-motor skills
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10
Q

Sensory systems (4)

A
  • Vestibular
  • Somatosensory
  • Visual
  • Auditory
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11
Q

Vestibular system (6)

A
  • Tells us where our head is in space
  • Disrupts balance
  • Directly senses gravity
  • Senses acceleration
  • Reading, school age issues, stabilizes our eyes
  • Arouses our nervous system
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12
Q

Vestibular dysfunction (8)

A
  • Poor head control
  • Resisting movement
  • Fear of movement
  • Seek a surface, better on the floor
  • Generally anxious and irritable
  • Poor eye coordination
  • Head is locked on their shoulders
  • Scoot on their behinds- get a lot of input from this (indicative of a problem)
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13
Q

Somatosensory system (5)

A
  • temperature awareness
  • Posture and movement
  • Internal awareness of moving
  • Touch
  • Coordination of upright posture
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14
Q

Somatosensory system dysfunction (5)

A
  • Hypersensitive to touch
  • Impoverished self touch
  • Impoverished movement
  • Difficulty grading their movement (one or all kind of thing) either run at full speed
  • Motor planning difficulties
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15
Q

Visual system 1 (10)

A
  • Major learning system
  • Organize spatial information
  • Drives movement
  • Helps us with our anticipation, adaptation, survival
  • Babies eyes are not sensitive to light in the first month of life, their light detection threshold is 50X higher (higher tolerance)
  • 1 week after birth, red, orange, yellow, and green
  • 2-3 months sharper acuity, more teaming with their eyes
  • 2-3 months can shift gaze from one object to another without moving their head
  • 3 months 10X visual tolerance threshold
  • 2-3 months add new items to the infants room or change crib position
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16
Q

Visual system dysfunction (6)

A
  • Poor binocular control
  • Poor eye mobility
  • Limited visual awareness
  • Lack of eye head dissociation
  • Excessive blinking
  • Longer visual processing time
17
Q

Visual system 2- strategies and abilities at 6 months (9)

A
  • Talk to baby from different points in the room
  • Night light
  • Put baby on tummy during the day- different visual plan
  • 6 months- significant changes- able to see more distinctly, move eyes quickly and accurately
  • Visual acuity improves from 20/400 at birth to 20/25 at 6 months
  • Color vision is similar to ours at 6 months
  • Better hand eye coordination at 6 months
  • should have first eye exam at this point
    7-12 months
  • Better awareness of overall body- coordinating body movement
18
Q

Auditory system (8)

A
  • Listening
  • Processing lang
  • Localizing sound
  • Contributes to understanding of time and space
  • Emotionality
  • Balance and regulation
  • Body knowledge and rhythm
  • Anticipation, survival, movement
19
Q

Auditory dysfunction (4)

A
  • Low arousal
  • Hypervigilant
  • Decreased involvement of sounds
  • No vocal play
20
Q

Typical Infant Speech and Language Development Birth-12 Months (3)

A
  • cognition
  • socialization
  • communication
21
Q

How typical influences treatment (5)

A
  • Infant derived from Latin term “infan”- not speaking
  • Culture and Interaction
  • The adult’s role
  • The infant’s role
  • Adult communication patterns that encourage development
22
Q

Infant communication

A
  • Knowing how infants learn and develop typically drives treatment
  • nonverbal
  • development of lang and speech is what makes a child a communicative being
  • They actually communicate before lang
  • Use is the developing factor in lang
  • Social factor they learn so they can communicate better or have some level of social contact
23
Q

Caregiver and infant communication

A
  • Caregivers provide meaning
  • In interaction adults have the more involved role, we can anticipate the infants behavior
  • We can monitor infants expressions and change as needed
  • We can drive variance in an infant
  • Infant elicited social behavior- infant does something and the adult responds in exaggerated ways with slower rates
  • We are trying to enhance recognition and discrimination
24
Q

Infant directed speech (motherese)

A
  • It is modified
  • Small core vocab- object directed
  • Here and now topics
  • Heightened use of gestures and facial expression
  • Frequent questioning
  • Treating infant behaviors as meaningful
  • Turn taking relationship
  • Facial expressions, signal meaning to the infants
  • Typical relationship- caregivers respond to 30-50% of noncrying vocalizations
  • Repeat 1 out of 6 vocalizations exactly
    1. Adult speech modification gains and holds infants attention
    2. Establish bond
    3. Enables communication to occur at the earliest opportunity
25
Q

Signs that an infant is ready to engage 1 (6)

A
  • Pink Color
  • Regular-slow breathing
  • Active self-calming (such as bracing legs or feet against surface)
  • Holding fingers or holding one hand in other
  • Grasping caregiver’s finger
  • Sucking on fist or fingers

***Need to make sure the child is ready for therapy

26
Q

Signs that an infant is ready to engage 2

4

A
  • Enjoying being held – calming when held
  • Focusing eyes, watching faces or objects
  • Trying to smile or coo
  • Looking, listening, and following for brief periods of time
27
Q

Signs that the Infant is Distressed (and not ready) 1 (7)

A
  • Erratic breathing pattern (increased rate, gasping, catch-up breathing)
  • Color changes (pale, white, blue, grey)
  • Hiccupping
  • Gagging
  • Coughing or sneezing
  • Yawning or sighing
  • Grunting
28
Q

Signs that the Infant is Distressed (and not ready) 2 (8)

A
  • Spitting up
  • Squirming
  • Arched back and neck
  • Stiff or overly lax limbs
  • Dull, tired, glassy-eyed appearance
  • Staring, looking away, panicked or worried expression
  • Crying weakly or being irritable, frantic, disorganized
  • Suddenly going to sleep (shutting down)
29
Q

The treatment process 1

A
  • Continually consider typical development of all systems
  • Connect with the infant- mother or father’s lap
  • Continually consider invitation and distress signals
  • Modify environment as needed
  • Grade handling and intervention
  • Activate
  • Play
  • Incorporate principles of typical development

— Repetition, trial and error, practice, carryover across environments

30
Q

The treatment process 2

A
  • Encouraging development is all about play
  • Normal development is the reference point
  • Infants maybe wary of you
  • Connect with the whole baby- hard with a baby who is neurologically devastated (don’t get hung up on disability)
  • Model language during play
  • Connect visually with the baby- don’t treat from behind
  • Stimulating language
  • Identify strengths and use those
  • Is treatment environment conducive to learning
  • Baby has to be actively participating, motivating
  • Provide opportunity to display strengths
  • You have to give the infant enough time to respond
31
Q

Typical Motor Development at 3 months (5)

A
  • visually tracks moving toy, side to side when on back
  • reaches for objects held above chest when on back
  • keeps head in the middle to watch faces or toys when on back
  • pushes up on arms when on tummy
  • lifts and holds head up when on tummy
32
Q

Signs to watch for at 3 months (4)

A
  • difficulty lifting head
  • stiff legs with little to no movement
  • pushes back with head
  • keeps hands fisted and lacks arm movement
33
Q

Typical Motor Development at 6 months (6)

A
  • reaches for nearby toy when on tummy
  • transfers a toy from one hand to the other when on back
  • reaches both hands to play with feet when on back
  • uses hands to support self when sitting
  • rolls from back to tummy
  • while standing with support, accepts, entire weight with legs
34
Q

Signs to watch for at 6 months (7)

A
  • rounded back
  • unable to lift head up
  • poor head control
  • difficult to bring arms forward to reach out
  • arches back and stiffens legs
  • arms held back
  • stiff legs
35
Q

Typical Motor Development at 9 months (7)

A
  • In a high chair, holds and drinks from a bottle
  • Explores and examines an object using both hands
  • turns several pages of a chunky (board) book at once
  • In simple play imitates others
  • Sits and reaches for toys without falling
  • moves from tummy or back into sitting
  • creeps on hands and knees with alternate arm and leg movement
36
Q

Signs to watch for at 9 months (7)

A
  • uses one hand predominately
  • rounded back
  • poor use of arms in sitting
  • difficulty crawling
  • uses only one side of body to move
  • inability to straighten back
  • cannot take weight on
37
Q

Typical Motor Development at 12 months (5)

A
  • finger feeds self
  • releases objects into a container with a large opening
  • uses thumb and pointer finger to pick up tiny items
  • Pulls to stand and cruises along furniture
  • Stands alone and takes several steps
38
Q

Signs to watch for at 12 months (5)

A
  • difficulty getting to stand because of stiff legs and pointed toes
  • only uses arms to pull up to standing
  • sits with weight to one side
  • strongly flexed or stiffly extended arms
  • needs to use hands to maintain sitting

Preschool Language (13 decks)

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