Treatment of Psychological Disorders Flashcards
Name The Different Treatments of the Psychodynamic Perspective
Psychoanalysis
Psychodynamic psychotherapy
Psychoanalysis
Attempts to change personality patterns through insight (free association and interpretation) and the therapist-patient relationship (transference) - on the couch
Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
Intensive therapy 3 to 5 times a week in which the patient discusses issues that come to mind while sitting face to face
Name the treatments of the Cognitive-Behavioral approach
Systematic desensitisation Exposure techniques Operant techniques Participatory modelling Skills training Cognitive therapy
Systematic desensitization
Classical conditioning - induces relaxation - client encouraged to approach phobic stimulus gradually in imagination
Exposure techniques
Classical conditioning - exposure to feared object in real life - all at once (flooding) - gradually (gradient exposure)
Operant techniques
Therapeutic approach - educes change by altering patterns of reinforcement and punishment
Participatory modelling
cognitive-social technique - therapist models behavior
Skills training
Cognitive-social technique - therapist teaches skills
Cognitive therapy
Theraputic approach - changing problematic and dysfunctional thought patterns and behavior
State the Humanist treatment options
Gestalt
Client-centered
Gestalt
Focus on the here and the now - brings out disavowed feelings
Focus on the authentic inner experience
What is the focus of the Client centered approach?
Empathy and unconditional positive regard - patients are encouraged to experience who they really are
What is the scientist-practitioner model
The importance of scientific evidence in informing client practice
What is the psychodynamic approach?
Mental symptoms reflect unconscious conflicts that induce anxiety. The goal of therapy is to gain insight into those conditions.
What is the central theme of the psychodynamic approach?
The role of insight and the therapeutic alliance
What is insight?
Understanding ones own psychological processes and unconscious conflicts
Why do problems with insight occur?
because of maladaptive ways of viewing the self and relationships.
Unconscious conflicts with wishes and fears, and
Maladaptive ways of dealing with emotions.
When does therapeutic change occur?
When the individual has understandings of their own psychological workings.
The capacity to make conscious and rational decisions.
What are the three techniques psychodynamic psychotherapists use to bring about therapeutic change?
Free association
Interpretation
Analysis of transference
What is free association?
Saying whatever comes to mind - mapping of unconscious networks.
What is interpretation?
Therapist interprets what comes out in free association.
What is analysis of transference?
Patients troubles are brought into the relationship with the therapist and transferred on him.
What is the cognitive-behavioural approach?
Symptoms are maladaptive learned behavior patterns that can be changed by applying behaviorist principle of learning.
What does the cognitive-behavioural approach target?
Highly specific psychological processes
What does CBT focus on?
A short term therapy that focus’ on the current behavior of the person.
What is the initial focus of CBT?
Initial behavioral analysis,
the problem behavior,
stimulus associated with it.
What do classic conditioning techniques focus on?
associations that develop between neutral stimuli and emotions.
What are the aims of cognitive therapy?
Change dysfunctional cognitions and thought patterns (automatic thoughts)
What is Ellis’ ABC system of psychopathology?
A - Activation conditions
B - Belief systems
C -Emotional consequences
What is the purpose of Ellis’ ABC system
replacing irrational thought with rational thought.
What does the Humanistic therapy focus on?
The phenomenology of the patient.
How the individual experiences themselves, relationships and the world.
What is the focus of family therapy?
To change maladaptive family patterns.
What is the viewpoint of the biological perspective?
Psychological disorder is reflected in the pathology of the brain
What is the success rate of ECT?
80%
What is the function of anti psychotics
Inhibiting dopamine which is implicated in positive symptoms
What is the function of tricyclic antidepressants
Block the re uptake of serotonin
What is the function of MAO inhibitors?
Prevents the NT from breaking down in the pre synaptic neuron allowing the NT to work for longer periods.
What is the function of SSRI’s
Block uptake of Serotonin
How do BDZ’s work?
Increase the activity of NT GABA - dampens neural activity.
What is eclectic psychotherapy?
Combine techniques to fit a particular client
What is integrative psychotherapy?
Clinicians choose elements of various school to create their own style.
What receptors to anti psychotics target?
D2 - dopamine 2 receptors
What is the difference between a SSRI and a MAO inhibitor
An SSRI blocks the re uptake of serotonin and a MAO inhibitor prevents the NT from breaking down in the pre synaptic neuron.
