Psychology: The study of mental processes and behavior

Question 1

Psychology

Answer 1

.The scientific investigation of mental processes (Thinking, remembering, and feeling) and behavior. biology, psychological experience, and cultural factors.

Question 2

Biopsychology

Answer 2

The physical basis of psychological phenomena as motivation, emotion, and stress

Question 3

Localization of function

Answer 3

The extent to which different parts of the brain control different functions - a major issue in behavioral neuroscience.

Question 4

Psychological anthropologists

Answer 4

Study psychological phenomena in other cultures by observing people in their natural setting.

Question 5

Cross-cultural psychology

Answer 5

Tests psychological hypothesis in different cultures

Question 6

Free will versus determination

Answer 6

Do we choose our actions or is behavior determined by things outside our control

Question 7

Mind-body problem

Answer 7

The question of how mental and physical events interact

Question 8

Introspection

Answer 8

The process of looking inward and reporting on ones conscious experience.

Question 9

Structuralism

Answer 9

The study of the structure of consciousness - experimentation the only appropriate method for a science of science of psychology.

Question 10

Paradigm

Answer 10

A broad system of theoretical assumptions that a scientific community uses to make sense of it’s domain of study.

Question 11

Perspectives

Answer 11

Schools of thought

Question 12

Psychodynamics

Answer 12

Dynamic interplay of mental processes - Freud’s theories.

Question 13

Psychodynamic perspective

Answer 13

Three key principles - 1. peoples actions are determine by the way thoughts, feelings, and wishes are connected in their minds. 2. many of these mental processes occur outside of conscious awareness. 3. These mental processes may conflict with one another leading to compromises among competing motives.

Question 14

Behaviorist perspective

Answer 14

The way objects or events in the environment (stimuli) come to control behavior through learning.

Question 15

Cartesian dualism

Answer 15

dual spheres of body and mind

Question 16

Humanistic perspective

Answer 16

Focus on the uniqueness of the individual.

Question 17

Empathy

Answer 17

The idea to treat people with respect and warmth, stressing every individuals freedom o make their own choices in life.

Question 18

Ideal self

Answer 18

Our expectations

Question 19

Person centered

Answer 19

Helping individuals understand their unique frame of reference and helping individuals achieve their desire to be their best.

Question 20

Self actualization

Answer 20

The idea that people are motivated to reach their full potential

Question 21

Self concept

Answer 21

Our achievements.

Question 22

Cognitive perspective

Answer 22

The focus on the way people perceive, process, and retrieve information.

Question 23

Cognition

Answer 23

Thought - dominates the study of psychology

Question 24

Information processing

Answer 24

The environment provides inputs, which are transformed, stored and retrieved using various mental programs.

Question 25

Rationalist philosophers

Answer 25

Emphasis on the role of reason in creating knowledge - the mind can arrive at knowledge independently of experience (Descartes)

Question 26

Evolutionary perspective

Answer 26

Many behavioral tendencies in humans evolved out of a need to survive and rear healthy offspring.

Question 27

Nature-nurture controversy

Answer 27

nurture - behavior is primarily learned and not biologically ordained. nature - similarities between humans and other animals, shared tendencies rooted in biology.

Question 28

Natural selection

Answer 28

The mechanism that accounts for evolution.

Question 29

Adaptive traits

Answer 29

Characteristics that help organisms to adjust and survive in their environment.

Question 30

Ethology

Answer 30

The study of animal behavior from an evolutionary and biological perspective

Question 31

Sociobiology

Answer 31

Explores possible evolutionary and biological bases of human social behavior.

Question 32

Evolutionary psychologists

Answer 32

Psychologist who apply evolutionary thinking to a wide range of psychological phenomena - the heritability of mental and behavioral tendencies as well as physical traits.

Question 33

Reproductive success

Answer 33

The capacity to survive and produce offspring

Question 34

Inclusive fitness

Answer 34

Not only the individuals reproductive success but influence on the success of genetically related individuals.

Question 35

Empiricism

Answer 35

Systematic observation, ideally experimental