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Psychology > Conciousness & Sleep > Flashcards

Conciousness & Sleep Flashcards

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1
Q

What is sleep?

A

non waking consciousness

The most common form of altered consciousness.

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2
Q

What are the normal characteristics of sleep?

A

Minimal moving
Stereotypical posture
High degree of stimulation to arouse

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3
Q

Why do all humans require sleep?

A

As a way of restoring energy.

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4
Q

What a circadian rhythms?

A

The eb and flo of the sleep wakefulness cycle.

A cyclical biological process that evolved around the daily cycle of light and dark.

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5
Q

What largely controls circadian rhythms?

A

The hypothalamus.

Though also light and dark.

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6
Q

What are sleeps functions?

A

Consolation of the days memories
Energy conservation
Restoring of bodily functions.

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7
Q

What are the effects of extreme sleep deprivation?

A 
Lowered immune defense
Irritability
Accidents
Hallucinations
More susceptibility to mental illness
low employment functioning
more likelihood of car accidents.
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8
Q

Stage 1 Sleep?

A

Theta Waves, which are slower - Only lasting a few minutes.
Physiological changes accompany this shift from drowsiness to sleep.
The body is brought into a state of calm.

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9
Q

Stage 2 Sleep?

A

Theta waves, slightly larger - low amp spindles and high amp k complexes - sleep deepens
Alpha waves disappear.

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10
Q

Stage 3 Sleep?

A

Delta Waves, large slow rhythmic delta waves.

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11
Q

Stage 4 Sleep?

A

When 50% of the brain waves are delta.

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12
Q

What characterizes stage three and four sleep?

A

relaxed muscles, decreased rate of respiration, lower body temp.
Muscles rest and rejuvenate.

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13
Q

How do REM sleep and NREM sleep differ?

A

The stages cycle through one another in reverse order.
Instead of waking the person enters REM sleep which is characterized by the darting of the eyes.
Faster pulsating respiration
higher sex drive
pulse and blood pressure quickened.
Autonomic activity increased in relaxed muscles.
EEG waves resemble that of an awake brain
Dreaming occurs in REM sleep

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14
Q

Once a cycle is complete where does it start again at?

A

Stage 2

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15
Q

How long does a cycle take?

A

90 minutes.

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16
Q

What is hypersomnia?

A

excessive sleep resulting in daytime sleepiness.

17
Q

What is insomnia?

A

The inability to sleep.

18
Q

What are the three categorizations of insomnia?

A

Initial
Middle
Early morning

19
Q

What are some sleep disorders?

A

Nightmares
Night Terrors
Sleep apnea
Narcolepsy

20
Q

What is the psychodynamic perspective on dreaming?

A

All dreams have meaning and can be interpreted.
unconscious processes are associative processes linked by association not logic.
Manifest and latent content
The underlying meaning of every dream is an unconscious wish - usually sexual or forbidden, wishes or fears.

21
Q

What is the cognitive perspective on dreaming?

A

Cognitive constructions that reflect the concerns and metaphors of waking life.
a form of thought.
A problem solving mechanism
represent the concerns of people in an unusual way.
Rely on the same metaphors as conscious thought processes however are unrestrained.during sleep.

22
Q

According the the cognitive perspective, what do dreams contain that needs to be interpreted?

A

A grammar - Dreams are not the reflection of unconscious wishes, rather expressions od current concerns expressed through a particular language, contructed through the latent content.

23
Q

What is the biological perspective of dreaming?

A

A biological phenom with no meaning at all.

Cortical interpretations of random signals received by the midbrain during REM sleep.

24
Q

What is meant by altered state of consciousness?

A

The usual ways of perceiving, thinking, and feeling are modified or disrupted.

25
Q

What are the characteristics of meditation?

A

A deep state of tranquility, altering the normal flow of conscious thoughts, shuts down the normal flow of self conscious dialog.
Can produce similar EEG waves to sleeping.

26
Q

What are the characteristics of hypnosis?

A

An altered state of consciousness not a non waking consciousness like sleep.
Same alpha waves as being awake even in a deep trance.
Hypnosis taps into the unconscious as seen in memory recall.
A state of deep relaxation and suggestibility.
An altered sense of time and self.
A lack of control of body movements and perception of the world.

27
Q

What is hypnosis not?

A

It is not sleep
It cannot weaken moral attitudes
People always wake from hypnosis.

28
Q

Who are best suited to hyonotisability?

A

People who are imaginative
young people
trauma victims
those who report ESP experiences.

29
Q

Describe the different hypnotic states and their prevalence

A

Hypnoidal state - Lighted trance and achieved by everyone
Light trance - Achieved by 95% of people.
Medium trance - Achieved by 75% of people.
Deep Trance - Achieved by 25% of people
Somnambulism - Achieved only by 2%

30
Q

What is the observer role?

A

People go back in time during a regression from a vantage point of their current age.

31
Q

What is re-vilification?

A

The subject relives the events of trauma.

32
Q

What other phenom have been observed in subjects under hypnosis?

A

Automatic writing.

33
Q

What is the hidden observer?

A

The presence of a secondary observer during hypnosis. Acting independently of the hypnotized consciousness.
The hypnotized consciousness and the hidden observer are oblivious to each others presence.

34
Q

Why is the use of hypnosis to recover lost memories controversial?

A

As they have been pressed for a reason.

35
Q

What brain structures are involved during REM sleep?

A

The amygdala is active which explains the emotional content of dreams.
The frontal circuits involved in critical thinking and social judgement are off that would explain the bizarre story line of dreams.

Dreaming involves a neurologically distinct mechanism that is different from waking mechanisms.

Psychology (8 decks)

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