Treatment of Psychological Disorders Flashcards
What barriers are their to treatment?
intrapersonal or enviornment
Personal Barriers
deal with it on their own, problem not severe, treatment thought to be ineffective, perceived stigma
Structural/Environment Barriers
not being able to afford treatment, lack of clinician available, inconvenience of attending treatments, lack of transportation
Psychotherapy Approaches to Treatments
psychoanalysis
Psychoanalysis
the theoretical foundation of this theory is the psychodynamic theory. However, the key issues are the role of the unconscious, childhood experiences, insight (personality structure), object relations (important social characters in your life), the client-therapist relationship is why you are the way you are and trying to understand who you are, however we want transference which is as the relationship gets deeper you transfer your problems into the patient-therapist relationship. However, we do not want counter transference which is when the therapist transfers their problems to the patient. And there is therapist interpretation.
Modern versions of psychoanalysis
the modern version is IPT (interpersonal psychotherapy) which focuses on assisting clients in improving their current relationships and their clients talk about there interpersonal behaviors and feelings. The treatment focus is on interpersonal functioning and the critical issue is developing insight in both intellectual way and emotional ways.
Social Cognitive Approaches to Treatment
There is the behavioral approaches, cognitive approaches, and cognitive behavioral therapy
Behavioral Approach
based on laboratory studies with a sole focus on observable behavior only and the treatment is based on learning theory. This is from behavioral analysis to try to understand and it utilizes operant conditioning to eliminate undesirable behavior and promote desired behavior. It also focuses on reducing unwanted emotional responses by using exposure techniques and exposure and response prevention which is effective for phobias and anxiety
Cognitive Approaches
psychopathology understood as a function of dysfunctional cognitions with low self efficacy and negative self views, and it is not classical conditioning of a response to an event rather than the interpretation of the event. It utilizes cognitive restructuring focusing on irrational beliefs, maladaptive cognitive processes, automatic beliefs/assumptions, and replaces negative thinking with more positive/realistic thinking by considering the evidence for the negative irrational thoughts
Examples of Social Cognitive
-rational emotive therapy (Ellis) deals with negative emotions and not the events themselves but the interpretation of the event
-ABC model where A is the activating event, B is the beliefs about the event that happened, and C is the consequence and emotional response to the belief
-3 forms of acceptance which are unconditional self acceptance (you believe in yourself and do not let negative emotions in), unconditional other acceptance (do not take things personally), and unconditional life acceptance (things won’t always go my way but thats life)
-cognitive distortion therapy (Beck) is about cognitive distortions that are biased/exaggerated thought patterns/beliefs and they may be irrational and misrepresent reality, and may promote negative thinking. Examples of this are polarized thinking, over generalizations, focusing soley on negative information/disqualifying the positive, catastrophizing, and jumping to conclusions, with the focus of becoming aware/conscious of these then identifying them and challenging them with evidence
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
acknowledges there are behaviors that clients cannot control with rational thought but here are also ways in which rational thought can be helpful to clients and combines behavioral techniques with cognitive techniques. CBT is problem focused, action oriented, and transparent and effective for depression, GAD, panic disorder, and most mood disorders.
Humanistic and Existential Approaches to Treatment
understanding human nature and active agents subjects
Humanistic Therapy
person centered approach (Carl Rogers) and it is about the true self and tendency toward growth and includes conditions of worth which is the false self and therapists role is to provide congruence, empathy, and unconditional positive regard
Gestalt Therapy
focused on assisting clients in awareness of their thoughts, behaviors, and experiences (Fritz Perls), the ownership of responsibility and therapists role was to be encouraging and warm and reflect back to the client their impressions of the client and the techniques they use are focusing the clients current experience in the therapy sessions and putting their emotions into action
Systems Perspective and Approaches to Treatment
understands psychopathology in the context of dysfunctional social groups and the key issue is homeostasis and their is the family systems approach that has subsystems/hierarchies that are marital, parental, and sibling and also boundaries are in place. Family systems approach focuses on family relationships/alliances, communications patterns, boundaries that are disengaged (overly strict boundaries) and enmeshed (no boundaries)
