Treatment of Phobias

Question 1

What is systematic desensitization?

Answer 1

gradually reduces phobic anxiety through counterconditioning using an anxiety hierarchy

Question 2

How does systematic desensitization work?

Answer 2

The phobic stimulus (CS) is paired with relaxation which becomes a new CR.

Question 3

What is reciprocal inhibition?

Answer 3

Not possible to be afraid and relaxed at the same time, so one emotion prevents the other

Question 4

What is flooding?

Answer 4

Immediate exposure to the phobic stimulus. No gradual buildup. There is no option of avoidance and so the patient very quickly realizes that the stimulus is harmless through the exhaustion of the fear response, this is called extinction.

Question 5

Is flooding ethical?

Answer 5

Not unethical, but not a pleasant experience so it is important to give informed consent. They must be prepared and know what to expect.

Question 6

Strength of SD (effectiveness)

Answer 6

Gilroy et al (2003) followed up 42 people who had SD for arachnophobia. At follow-up, the SD group was less fearful than the control group.

Question 7

Strength of SD (learning disabilities)

Answer 7

SD doesn’t require understanding or engagement on a cognitive level and isn’t traumatic.

Question 8

Strength of flooding

Answer 8

cost-effective and quick

Question 9

Limitation of flooding

Answer 9

traumatic, higher drop out rates