Explanations of Depression Flashcards
who came up with the negative triad
Beck (1967)
Depression- Faulty information processing
Beck suggested some people are more prone to depression because of faulty information processing. (Thinking negatively, blow small things out of proportion)
Depression- Negative self-schema
Schema is a package of ideas and information developed through experience. Schema is used to interpret the world, so if a person has a negative self-schema, they interpret all information about themselves in a negative way.
What is The negative triad
Negative view of the world, Negative view of the future, Negative view of the self
Who came up with the ABC model
Ellis (1962)
What does the ABC model stand for
Activating event, beliefs, consequences
explain the Activating event in the ABC model
Ellis suggests that depression arises from irrational thoughts. Depression occurs when a negative event is experienced.
explain the Beliefs in the ABC model
Negative events trigger irrational beliefs, eg.
Ellis called the belief that we must always suceed MUSTERBATION.
I-CANT-STAND-TO-DO-IT-ITIS is the belief that it is a disaster when things do not go smoothly
UTOPIANISM is the belief that the world must always be fair and just.
explain the consequence in the ABC model
When an activating event triggers irrational beliefs there are emotional and behavioral consequences.
If you believe you always must succeed then fail at something, the consequence is depression.
strength of Beck’s negative triad- supporting research
Clark and Beck (1999) concluded that cognitive vulnerabilities (e.g faulty info processing and negative schema) are more common in depressed people.
Cohen et al (2019) tracked 473 adolescents development and found that early cognitive vulnerability predicted later depression.
strength of Beck’s negative triad - real-world application
Assessing cognitive vulnerability in young people at risk of depression means they can be monitored. Cognitive vulnerability is applied to CBT to alter cognitions underlying depression, making a person more resilient to real-life events.
strength of Ellis’ ABC model- real-world application
ABC model is applied to REBT (rational emotive behaviour therapy). David et al (2018) found evidence that REBT can change negative beliefs and relieve depression symptoms.
limitation of Ellis’ ABC model- only explains reactive depression
Can only explain reactive depression (depression negative events as a trigger). In some cases it is not obvious what triggers depression, known as endogenous depression.
