Treatment of Germany's Allies Flashcards
Who were Germany’s Allies in World War I
Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and Turkey
Which ally did the The Treaty of St Germain deal with?
Austria
Date of the Treaty of St Germain
September 1919
Land lost under Treaty of St Germain
Austria lost land to Italy and Romania.
Land was taken to create the new states of Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia. Poland which had previously been divided up was re-established as an independent country and given land too.
Reparations under Treaty of St Germain
Amount was never fixed, but Austria was told to pay reparations
Military restrictions under Treaty of St Germain
30,000 men in the army, no conscription and no navy.
Ban on uniting with other countries under Treaty of St Germain
Austria was forbidden from uniting with Germany
Impact of Treaty of St Germain
Italy joined war in 1915. Allies promised to give it land if Italy supported them and the war was won. Italy felt they weren’t given enough land.
Much of Austria’s industry was in the land given to Czechoslovakia. So income lost and economy collapsed in 1921
New states = mixed nationalities= often clashed
Eastern Europe now made up of new, small states instead of on powerful empire
Which German ally did the Treaty of Neuilly impact?
Bulgaria- November 2019
Treaty of Neuilly - Land lost?
Bulgaria lost land to Yugoslavia, Greece and Romania. But, Bulgaria did gain som eland from Turkey
Treaty of Neuilly - Reparations
£100 million
Treaty of Neuilly- military restrictions
Bulgarian army limited to 20,000. No conscriptions.
No air force
Only 4 battleships
Which ally did the Treaty of Trianon impact?
Mostly Hungary
Treaty of Trianon- land
Hungarian land lost to Romania, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and Austria
Treaty of Trianon - reparations
Agreed reparations to be paid but amount not fixed.Economy collapsed so nothing was ever paid.
Treaty of Trianon - military restrictions
Limited to 30,000 men
No conscription
Only allowed 3 patrol boats.
Which German ally did The Treaty of Sevres impact
Mostly Turkey- August 1920
Treaty of Sevres - Land
Turkey lost land to Greece
In Europe Turkey lost all its land, except for a small area
The Turkish (Ottoman) empire was split up
Treaty of Sevres - military restrictions
Turkish army restricted to 50,000 men.
Navy restricted to 7 sail boats and 6 torpedo boats
Allies allowed to keep troops in Turkey.
Impact of The Treaty of Sevres
People of Turkey were so furious wit the treaty they revolted and overthrew the government.
New President threatened to fight the Allies. British were not prepared to fight another war so they agreed to overwrite the treaty with the Treaty of Lausanne.
Turkey to open important waterways connecting the Black Sea to the Mediterranean ( Dardanelles and Bosporus straits) to other countries
Terms of the Treaty of Lausanne
Turkey regained:
some of the land Green had taken
Control of the Dardanelles and Bosphorous straits
Right to decide how big their armed forces should be
Reparations cancelled and allied troops withdrawn.
What is the Significance of the Treaty of Sevres
It proved that the other treaties were unenforceable - when a country rebelled against harsh terms there are very little that other countries could do.
People were scared of returning to war , so they were reluctant to use force to deal with broken treaties.
By agreeing to a new treaty it looked as if Britain was accepting that the original treaty was unfair. This undermined all the treaties.
Seeing this Mussolini and Hitler realised that they could also get away with breaking international law as no one would stop them.
Problems faced by new states- country that worked well?
Lots of new countries were made at the end of the First World War. Some worked well like Czechoslovakia, which was rich in natural resources and home to well established industry. It was politically stable. Other countries struggled.
Problems faced by the new state of Poland
The Allies wanted to create a strong buffer zone between Germany and the USSR so they re-established Poland as a country between these two. But Poland had no natural barriers such as rivers or mountains, and on its own the country was hard to defend.
Poland was given a strip of German land- the Polish Corridor- the aim was to weaken Germany by splitting it in half while giving Poland access to the sea. However, that meant lots of Germans lived in Poland, which they hated. The USSR also argued about Poland’s eastern borders.
Poland was surrounded by enemies who want to reclaim their territory.
