Treatment of disease Flashcards
How did the Romans treat disease?
- Supernatural (offerings and prayers)
- Natural (Herbs, bloodletting)
- Hippocratic (observation, prognosis, care)
- Galen (Theory of opposites)
What did the Romans prioritise over treating disease?
Staying clean, bathing, following the beliefs of Regimen
How were diseases treated in the Medieval time period?
- Supernatural (planets, prayers)
- Natural (Herbs, bloodletting)
- Galen (Theory of opposites)
The Black Death
- Prayer, flagellation, burning of herbs and spices, wearing lucky charms!
Why was it likely for treatment to change in the Renaissance period?
The renaissance was a time of technological advancement and experimentation
Why were there few advancements in treatment in the Renaissance period?
- Although there was better understanding, it offered no other treatments so people continued to use old ways
- People were scared of change
- The Great plague of 1665 was treated in much the same way as the Black death of 1348
How was disease treated in the renaissance period?
- 4 humours (purging + bloodletting)
- Planets / astrology
How was disease treated in the Industrial time period?
- Burning barrels of tar
- Herbal /chemical cures
- People strayed from the supernatural to more scientific
- Burning clothes of the infected
What improved rather than treatment in the Industrial period?
The prevention of disease improved rapidly in the industrial period with Jenners vaccine in 1796 and Pasteur and Koch’s work introducing more vaccines as well
Why was treatment in the Modern period different from in the past?
- Treatments were chemical based and manufactured rather than naturally found
- They were based from scientific research (actually worked)
How was disease treated in the Modern period of medicine?
- Magic bullets (salvarson 606 / prontosil)
- Penicilin
- Genetic screening / modification
- New technology
What allowed the treatment of disease to advance so rapidly in the modern period?
- New technology such as x-rays progressed to CAT and MRI scans
- People began to believe more in science rather than the supernatural
- The World wars / Boer wars highlighted a need for better treatment as many soldiers were dying of disease and the population was unhealthy
What were hospitals like in the Roman time period?
- Army hospitals in forts but HOME TREATMENT in towns
- 4 beds in a ward
- Surgeon and assistants
What were hospitals like in medieval times?
- Hospitals were controlled by THE CHURCH
- 1400 -> 500 hospitals with only 5-6 beds
- Infectious diseases were not allowed in hospitals
- Treated with food,rest, and prayer
- No MEDICAL treatment
- Nuns
What were hospitals like in the Renaissance time period?
- Hospitals closed with Henry VIII rule and taken over by councils
- 11 new hospitals opened, each with more beds
- Still infectious patients were not allowed in
- Prayer, simple surgery, herbs, bloodletting
- Patients were clean, warm and fed
What were hospitals like in the 1850s before Nightingale?
- Treatment depended on your wealth
- Home treatments were considered healthier
- Voluntry hospitals had around 4000 beds
- Small local hospitals
What effect did Nightingale have on hospitals?
- Improved hygiene and cleanliness
- Sanitiation, Ventilation, Supplies, Trained nurses
Death rate fell (in Crimea) from 40% to 2%
What were hospitals like before the NHS?
- Cottage hospitals / special hospitals for mentally ill / infectious
- Aseptic surgery
- Trained nurses, sanitation, supplies, and ventilation
- Hospitals relied on charities or private funding
in 1919 Ministry of health gave governemnt an overview of healthcare provision
How did the NHS change hospitals?
- Larger hospitals (but fewer)
- Wide range of treatments on offer
- Improved identification tech (MRIs/ Xrays)
- Improved treatment tech (Dialysis / radiotherapy)
- Specialist care
- Infectious patients kept seperate to reduce spread of disease
What factors contributed to the advancement of hospitals?
- Crimean / world war
- Nighingale
- Government intervention
- Science and tech
- Right to vote
What were the turning points in the advancement of hospitals?
- Henry VIII sees less church control
- Nightingale causes better conditions
- NHS makes hospitals efficient and accessible
How were doctors trained in Roman times?
- Training was not compulsory
- Acted as apprentices to experienced doctors
- Reading of the hippocratic corpus
- Doctors had to take the hippocratic oath
How did Galen change the way doctors were trained?
- Encouraged disection
- Promoted false ideas
- Distinguished and proved brain controlled body
- Educated doctors on anatomy (false often tho)
How were doctors trained in the medieval period?
- Wise women and family passsed down ideas
- Development of UNIVERSITIESSSS
- Universities provided 7 year expensive course to train physicians
- Only around 100 physicians
- Students read galens books and observed
- Students had to memorise work rather than test it uno
How were doctors trained in the Renaissance time period?
- QUESTIONING TRADITIONAL IDEAS
- Vesalius and Harvey disprove Galen
- Training becomes more practical
- Students encouraged to EXPERIMENT
- Women cannot b physicians tho #peak
How were doctors trained in the industrial time period?????
- Universities with lectures, books, some practical stuf
- Observing symptoms and carrying out disections
- Observe as well as read
- Subjective training to what the professor wants to teach
- No government intervention
- Exams and official recognition as doctors tho (have to register)
- Women as doctors yay 1876
Before the NHS, how were doctors trained?
- University with considerable practical work
- Professors decide training with some intervention from Royal College
- Little specialisation or further training
- No government regulation
How did the introduction of the NHS change the way doctors were trained?
- University for 7 years
- Doctors had to keep up to date by reading medical journals
- Proffessors and royal colleges still decide what the doctors learn
- Government intervention as to how a doctor is trained
- Specialisation!!
What factors caused the training of doctors to change?
- Galen, Vesalius, Harvey
- Change in attitudes such as women being allowed to go to university
- Government involvement
- Science and tech spreads ideas and allows experimentation
What were the turning points in the training of doctors?
- Galens work
- Vesalius and Harvey
- NHS
What were the turning points in the treatment of disease?
- Spontaneus generation
- Germ theory
- Discovery of DNA
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