Treatment of Aphasia & Related Disorders

Question 1

Research has shown that it is effective if

Answer 1

treatment is delivered by qualified people
If content, timing, intensity, duration of treatment are appropriate for the patient
Appropriate measures are used to track performance

Question 2

when should treatment begin

Answer 2

treatment should begin as early as possible, delaying it by 2 months may have negative impact

Question 3

Spontaneous Recovery for occlusive stroke

Answer 3

4-8 weeks

Question 4

Some patients may not be good candidates because of ..

Answer 4

lack of funding, mild impairments, too ill or too weak to undergo treatment

Question 5

Irreversible Aphasia Syndrome

Answer 5

same as global aphasia

Question 6

Poor prognosis for patients who remain globally aphasic one month post-onset

Answer 6

usually remain chronically globally aphasic

may not show enough improvements for third party funders

Question 7

Goals of Treatment

Answer 7

Complete recovery is usually not a viable goal,

functional communication

Question 8

Consideration of Treatment of Auditory comprehension

Answer 8

must be able to remember language long enough to interpret it and assign meaning

Question 9

Sensory memory

Answer 9

lasts 1-2 seconds when incoming stimuli are briefly stored

Question 10

short term memory

Answer 10

lasts longer than sensory memory-several minutes- but can be maintained by rehearsal. Remembering numbers or other sequences rely on short term memory.

Question 11

long-term memory

Answer 11

has very large capacity-info decays slowly if at all. memories can become permanent memory at this stage.

Question 12

working memory

Answer 12

similar to short term memory, sentence comprehension takes place. different from short term memory in that short term is static and on its way to long-term memory. working memory is where active mental processing is going on

Question 13

Treatment of Auditory Comprehension

Treatment of Single-Word Comprehension

Answer 13

Typical treatment- an array of pictures/objects are displayed. patient is asked to point to one of them, carrier phrase is usually used to keep it simple for the patient to understand

Question 14

Treatment of Auditory Comprehension

Treatment of Comprehension of Spoken Sentences

Answer 14

Answering y/n and open-ended questions
Following spoken directions
Sentence verification-pt listens to sentence and selects picture that matches the sentence
Task Switching activities

Question 15

Treatment of Auditory Comprehension

Treatment of Discourse Comprehension

Answer 15

clinician reads aloud a discourse and patient answers questions about the information

Question 16

Is discourse easier to understand than words in isolation?

Answer 16

True because discourse provides context

Question 17

In treatment of discourse comprehension, patients can respond to..

Answer 17

y/n questions
sentence completion
open ended questions
retelling

Question 18

Stimulus manipulations in treating discourse comprehension

Answer 18

familiarity 
length
redundancy, cohesion and coherence
salience
directness

Question 19

what is salience

Answer 19

main idea stands out, easy to identify using emphasis and elaboration and repetition

Question 20

Surface Dyslexia

Answer 20

individuals have lost he ability to directly access words and meaning and must do indirect method. This causes difficulty in words irregularly, such as ‘through’ and ‘neighbor’. Direct route from printed stimulus to semantic representations is unavailable, so patient depends on indirect (grapheme to phoneme)

Question 21

Do people with aphasia have better reading comprehension than auditory comprehension?

Answer 21

False, often their reading comprehension is worse than their auditory comprehension

Question 22

To read we must be able to recognize words and attach meaning to words. This can be done in 3 ways

Answer 22

whole word recognition
phonemic analysis
word recognition by context

Question 23

Phonemic analysis

Answer 23

reader divides words in letters or letter combinations to analyze first

Question 24

Processes in Reading

Answer 24

Syntactic Analysis

Semantic Mapping

Question 25

What is syntactic analysis?

Answer 25

determining relationships among words

Question 26

What is Semantic Mapping?

Answer 26

relating the writer’s intended meaning to their own knowledge.

Question 27

Deep Dyslexia

Answer 27

individuals have lost the ability to access the word and meanings indirectly and must rely on whole-word method. This may cause words that are similar to be confused. Grapheme to phoneme conversion is unavailable and the patient must depend on whole word reading. Uses semantically supportive context

Question 28

Treating Neurogenic Reading Impairments

Answer 28

Teach the patient survival reading skills like reading mail, newspapers, etc. It varies on the what the patient sees as valuable

Question 29

What to take into consideration when treating patients with mild to moderate reading impairments

Answer 29

Determine patients history of literacy

Determine reading capacity

Question 30

Most material in daily life is at __ th grade level

Answer 30

5 or 6

Question 31

Intervention for patients with deep dyslexia

Answer 31

Orally sound out words
Practice discriminating between words that are similar (college, cottage)
Practice completing the letters on words that are spelled regularly

Question 32

Patients who can read at the sentence level, may do better with whole paragraphs than with sentences in isolation

Answer 32

true because the paragraph gives context

Question 33

Webb suggests using reading passages that are at least 50 words long, as it takes that much to get context

Answer 33

False, 200 words

Question 34

Facilitating Volitional Speech

Answer 34

sentence completion tasks
confrontational naming
word/phrase repetition

Question 35

What is the most effective cue for confrontational naming?

Answer 35

Giving the first sound of a word has been shown to be the most effective cue

Question 36

Treatment of Speech Production

3 Parts for enhancing Word Retrieval in Speech

Answer 36

Part 1- diagnosis, baseline, word list
Part 2- Strategy Development and Practice
Part 3- Stabilization and Generalization

Question 37

Cues to give with Word-Retrieval Failure

Answer 37

1- First sound
2- sentence completion
3- rhyme
4- function/location
5- superordinate- its something you drink

Question 38

Treatment of Speech Production

Sentence Production

Answer 38

Imitation drills
Repetition-Elaboration drills
Story Completion
Question- answer drill
Story elaboration
Picture Story elaboration

Question 39

Treatment of Speech Production

Connected speech

Answer 39

prompted story telling

picture description

Question 40

Treatment of Speech Production

Procedural Discourse

Answer 40

ex: tell me how you make a sandwich, tell me how you get to the store

Question 41

Writing requires

Answer 41

spelling
visuomotor skills
limb strength
better syntax than in speaking
more formality than in speaking

Question 42

Treatment of Writing Impairments

Answer 42

Spelling, syntax and grammar are typically focused on
Advanced writing skills are not necessary, only survival writing skills are necessary
computers might make it easier

Question 43

Group Activities for Aphasic Adults

Answer 43

family support groups
psychosocial groups
treatment groups
transition/community reintegration groups

Question 44

Research shows group activities are effective

Answer 44

True, usually after individual treatment

Question 45

recovery time for hemorrhagic strokes or TBI

Answer 45

recovery completed 3-6 months