Treatment for Gingival and Periodontal Disease

Question 1

what are the characteristics of a healthy gingiva

Answer 1

• knife edge, scalloped gingival margin
• stippling
• pink
• absence of bleeding on probing
• no erythema or oedema
• no attachment or bone loss
• no patient symptoms

Question 2

how often does healthy gingiva have stippling

Answer 2

30%

Question 3

how do physiological bone levels range from the apex to the cemento enamel junction in a healthy individual

Answer 3

1-3mm

Question 4

what is gingival health defined as

Answer 4

less than 10% bleeding sites with probing depths less than or equal to 3mm, with no loss of attachment, no bone loss and no interdental recession

Question 5

describe the characteristics of plaque induced gingivitis

Answer 5

• no radiological bone loss
• no interdental recession
• bleeding on probing in more han 10% of cases
• inflamed gums

Question 6

how can puberty modify plaque induced gingivitis

Answer 6

gums are red

Question 7

is there probing attachment loss in healthy gingiva

Answer 7

no

Question 8

is there probing attachment loss in gingivitis

Answer 8

no

Question 9

what is the probing pocket depth for healthy gingiva

Answer 9

less than or equal to 3mm

Question 10

what is the probing pocket death for gingivitis

Answer 10

less than or equal to 3mm

Question 11

how much bleeding on probing is there in healthy gingiva

Answer 11

less than 10%

Question 12

how much bleeding on probing is there in gingivitis

Answer 12

more than 10%

Question 13

is there radiological bone loss in healthy gingiva

Answer 13

no

Question 14

is there radiological bone loss in gingivitis

Answer 14

no

Question 15

what are teeth with gingivitis more likely to do

Answer 15

• show loss of attachment
• be lost
• progress to periodontitis

Question 16

what are the characteristics of periodontitis

Answer 16

inflammation and loss of periodontal attachment
- spacing between teeth and loss of interproximal gingival attachment

Question 17

what is the clinical difference between health and periodontitis

Answer 17

• subgingival plaque biofilm
• attachment loss
• deep pockets
• bone loss
• gingival inflammation

Question 18

is loss of attachment reversible

Answer 18

no

Question 19

alongside loss of attachment, what else may periodontitis patients have

Answer 19

• increased probing depth pockets of greater than 3mm
• increased bleeding on probing
• gingival recession
• tooth mobility
• halitosis
• bad taste
• tooth sensitivity to hot or cold
• abscesses

Question 20

describe the characteristics of a site with unstable periodontitis

Answer 20

• probing pocket depth of greater than 4mm, with or without bleeding
• loss of attachment
• suppuration on probing

Question 21

what is the difference between true and false pockets

Answer 21

in false pockets there is gingival swelling that increases the pocket depth without actually losing attachment
in true pockets there is genuine loss of attachment

Question 22

what is the sequence of the periodontitis treatment plan

Answer 22

• immediate/emergency care
• initial disease control
• reevaluation
• reconstructive
• maintenance/supportive care

Question 23

what is involved in the steps for periodontal treatment

Answer 23

• basis of therapy, and then four steps

Question 24

what is the basis of therapy for periodontal treatment

Answer 24

• examination
• assessment of risk factors
• diagnosis

Question 25

what is step one of periodontal treatment

Answer 25

this is control of local and systemic factors professional mechanical plaque removal

Question 26

what is step two of periodontal tretment

Answer 26

subgingival instrumentation with adjunctive measures

Question 27

what is step three of periodontal treatment

Answer 27

repeated subgingival instrumentation periodontal surgery access flap

Question 28

what is step four of periodontal treatment

Answer 28

supportive periodontal therapy with risk adaptive intervals continuous monitoring of local and systemic factors

Question 29

which step of periodontal treatment is reconstructive

Answer 29

step three

Question 30

which step of periodontal treatment involves reevaluation

Answer 30

step one and step two

Question 31

which steps of periodontal treatment are in the intial disease control phase

Answer 31

basis of therapy, 1 and 2

Question 32

which step of periodontal treatment is maintenance and supportive care

Answer 32

step four

Question 33

which step of periodontal treatment is the immediate emergency care

Answer 33

the basis of therapy

Question 34

what can affect treatment outcomes

Answer 34

- early diagnosis, prevention and prompt intervention - screening using BPE

Question 35

what is BPE

Answer 35

basic periodontal examination

Question 36

what is BPE

Answer 36

this is a screening tool that performs by walking the probe around each tooth and recording only the worst score

Question 37

how is dentition divided for periodontal screening

Answer 37

six sextants

Question 38

are all teeth in the sextants examined

Answer 38

yes, with the exception of third molars unless the first and second molars are missing

Question 39

how many teeth should be in each sextant to qualify for recording

Answer 39

two

Question 40

describe the BPE probe

Answer 40

- 15mm long - markings at each mm with colour coding at 5, 10 and 15mm

Question 41

describe BPE score 0

Answer 41

no need for periodontal treatment

Question 42

describe BPE score 1

Answer 42

oral hygience instruction

Question 43

describe BPE score 2

Answer 43

oral hygiene instruction removal of plaque retentive factors including all calculus

Question 44

describe BPE score 3

Answer 44

root surface debridement

Question 45

describe BPE score four

Answer 45

assess the need for more complex treatment

Question 46

why is the use of BPE screening good

Answer 46

- it assists in reaching a diagnosis of gingivitis or periodontitis for the patient - formulation of a treatment plan or decision to refer to a specialist - determine whether detailed charting is indicated or if special tests like radiographs are required

Question 47

if you are good at treating periodontitis, two thirds of sites with what characteristics can be treated

Answer 47

those with increased pocket depths of more than 4mm can be treated to make the pocket 4 or less and does not bleed on probing

Question 48

how many grams of force on the BPE should be applied

Answer 48

25g

Question 49

what is the probing pocket depth of active periodontitis

Answer 49

greater than 4mm

Question 50

what is CAL

Answer 50

clinical attachment level

Question 51

what are some plaque retention factors

Answer 51

restorations calculus retainer