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Clinical > Oral Hygiene Instruction > Flashcards

Oral Hygiene Instruction Flashcards

1
Q

describe the features of healthy gingiva

A

pink health stippled gingivae with good tone and absence of bleeding on brushing or probing

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2
Q

describe gingivitis

A

plaque induced inflammation of the gingivae characterised by red, swollen tissues which bleed on brushing or probing

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3
Q

what is the definition of plaque induced gingivitis

A

inflammatory response of the gingival tissues resulting from bacterial plaque accumulation located at and below the gingival margin

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4
Q

what are single tuft toothbrushes used for

A

hygiene in places of permanent prosthetic restorations, around dental implants, in places of furcation and interdental niches

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5
Q

what are the different types of electric toothbrushes are there

A

oscillating rotary
sonic
ultrasonic
ionic

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6
Q

what does the head of the manual toothbrush cover

A

three neighboring teeth

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7
Q

how large are adult toothbrush heads

A

23-30mm adults

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8
Q

how large are toothbrush heads in children

A

18-20mm

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9
Q

function of the neck of the toothbrush

A

allows for easier head maneuvering, can absorb and spread part of the force used by holding hands

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10
Q

function of the handle of the toothbrush

A

comfortable and secure grip with anti slip surface
circular cross section

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11
Q

describe the features of the bristles on toothbrush heads

A

rounded nylon fibres
multitufted
medium soft
small head
replace every 2-3 months

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12
Q

how many bristles on a toothbrush

A

3-4 rows with 10 bunches per row

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13
Q

what is the diameter of the bristles on toothbrushes

A

0.4mm

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14
Q

describe the bass technique for toothbrushing

A
  • toothbrush placed under 45 degree angle with bristle tips pointing toward the gingival sulcus
  • slight pressure in a way that allows the bristles to enter the gingival sulcus and go slightly below the gumline
  • bristles should make short and delicate back and forth movements with minimal displacement of the bushes head
  • 20-30 vibrations in one series, around 4-5 series for each tooth group
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15
Q

describe fones method

A

toothbrush positioned perpendicular to teeth with bristles facing the tooth
slight pressure
head of the brush makes round motions cleaning teeth from both dental arches at the same time
five circular motions for each group
palatal and lingual surfaces are cleaned in complete disclusion, one dental arch at a time

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16
Q

what is leanards method for tooth brushing

A

vertical brushing
dangerous to periodontium

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17
Q

what is the brushing sequence

A

start at lingual surface and go from 3 to 4 then do palatal 1 to 2
then buccal 2 to 1 and buccal 4 to 3

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18
Q

what is surface cleaning

A

cleaning each type of surface in each tooth one by one

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19
Q

what is the solo method cleaning

A

clean each of the three surfaces of a single tooth and then move on to the next one

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20
Q

how long should each surface be cleaned

A

minimum 3 seconds

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21
Q

how much fluoride in adult toothpaste

A

1250-1500ppm

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22
Q

how much fluoride in childrens toothpaste at 6 months old

A

1000ppm and a grain of rice on toothbrush

23
Q

how much fluoride on at 3-6 years old

A

1000-1450ppm, pea

24
Q

how much fluoride in older than 6 years

A

1450ppm

25
Q

what is the main solid component of toothpaste

A

abrasive and polishing substances

26
Q

how much of toothpaste is composed of abrasive and polishing substances

A

25-60%

27
Q

what are some of the abrasive and polishing substances found in toothpaste

A
  • hydrated dicalcium phosphate
  • silica gel, sodium aluminosilicate
  • grounded plastics like polystyrene and polyethylacrylate
28
Q

what substance is found in anti tartar control toothpastr

A

pyrophosphatase

29
Q

what is found in toothpastes targeting hypersensitivity

A

aminofluorides, potassium and strontium salts

30
Q

what is found in toothpastes treating caries prophylaxis

A

fluoride compounds
aminofluorides
sodium fluoride

31
Q

what is found in bactericidal and bacteriostatic fluoride

A

stannuous fluoride and triclosan

32
Q

what is found in bleaching toothpaste

A

carbamide and hydrogen peroxide

33
Q

how long should a piece of floss be

A

30-50mm

34
Q

how long should the floss being used at any one time on a tooth be

A

4mm

35
Q

how thick are orange interdental brushes

A

0.45mm

36
Q

how thick are red interdental brushs

A

0.5mm

37
Q

how thick are blue interdental brushes

A

0.6mm

38
Q

how thick are yellow interdental brushes

A

0.7mm

39
Q

how thick are green interdental brushes

A

0.8mm

40
Q

how thick are purple interdental brushes

A

1.1mm

41
Q

how do oral rinses work

A

they reduce microbial adhesion to the teeth by modification of the tooth surface or impaired expression of surface adhesins

42
Q

what are the cationic forms of oral rinses

A

chlorhexidine
zinc ions
cetylpyridinium chloride

43
Q

what is found in anionic oral rinses

A

sodium dodecyl sulfate

44
Q

what is a non ionic agent found in oral rinses

A

triclosan

45
Q

what is in eludril and corsodyl

A

chlorhexidine

46
Q

what is chlorhexidine

A

the most effective antiplaque agent with hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties

47
Q

which type of molecules is chlorhexidine more effective at fighting against

A

gram positive organisms

48
Q

how does chlorhexidine work

A

it binds through electrostatic forces to phosphate, carboxyl, sulphate groups on the oral mucosa, on bacteria and in the pellicle
interferes with the normal membrane function of the bacteria causing leakage of cell constituents and precipitation of cell contents
it reduces the metabolic activity of the dental plaque and inhibits enzmes that are essential for microbial accumulation on the tooth surface

49
Q

what are the side effects of chlorhexidine

A

discolouration of the teeth
changing of taste

50
Q

what is fluoride prophylaxis

A

this is the mechanism of the action of fluoride in protecting the teeth

51
Q

describe the mechanism of action of fluoride

A
  • replacement of hydroxyapatites by fluoroapatites
  • less soluble and more acid resistant
  • inhibits bacterial adhesion to tooth tissues by inhibiting glycotransferase, an enzyme that converts glucose into a polysaccharide needed for adhesion
  • in high concentration, it is directly toxic to bacteria and inhibits metabolism
52
Q

list all the functions of fluoride prophylaxis

A
  • bacteriacidal and bacteriostatic
  • strengthens the structure of the enamel by forming fluoroapatite
  • obliterates dentinal tubules to fight against hypersenstivity
  • inhibit the deposition of dental plaque through amine fluorides
53
Q

what are the systemic modes of fluoride administration

A
  • water fluoridation
  • milk
  • salt
  • dietary fluoride supplements
54
Q

what are the topical modes of fluoride transmission

A
  • solution
  • varnish
  • foam
  • gels
  • dentifrices
  • fluoride rinses
  • fluoride releasing pit and fissure sealant

Clinical (27 decks)

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