Infection Hazards in Dentistry Flashcards
what is SIPCEP
the scottish infection prevention and control education pathway
how many microorganisms per millilitre of saliva are there
100 million
how many cultivable bacterial species can be found within the oral cavity
350
what disease do prions cause
variant creutzfeldt Jakob
what is the clinical relevance of prions
highlights the importance of clean and sterile instruments
what disease do viruses cause
respiratory infections and blood borne infections
what is the clinical relevance of viruses
occupational health and infection prevention
what disease do bacteria cause
dental infections
what is antimicrobial stewardship
being judiscious about prescribing anti biotics to lengthen the amount of time antibiotics will be effective for
what disease does fungi cause
oral candidosis
what is oral candidosis
oral thrush
what is the chain of infection model
- infectious agent
- reservoir
- portal of exit
- mode of transmission
- portal of entry
- susceptible host
do prions have DNA or RNA
no
are prions eliminated by steam sterilisation alone
no
how much ventilation should there be within dental practices
enough to have 10 complete air changes per hour
why is it important to ventilate a dental practice
bacterial endotoxins are found in the dental unit waterline aerosols which end up in the air, so if there is not ventilation all the time then people will be much more likely to become infected with these bacteria
what do studies suggest is associated with temporal onset of asthma
occupational exposure to contaminated DUWL
what is DUWL
dental unit water lines
what are the 3 Cs that increase the chances of transmission of respiratory viruses
- closed settings with poor ventilation
- close contact
- crowding
what have studies shown good ventilation is associated with
improved health
better concentration
environmental satisfaction
less work absence
sleep quality
reduced air pollutants
what does regulation 6 of the workplace health, safety and welfare regulations state that employers must do
ensure that every enclosed workspace is ventilated by a sufficient quantity of fresh or purified air
what should carbon dioxide concentrations be kept below in spaces with enhanced aerosol generation rates
800 ppm
what sort of activities can lead to enhanced aerosol generation
singing, loud speech and aerobic activities
what is the most common yeast causing infection in the oral cavity
candida albicans
what causes false membrane candidosis
pseudomembranous
what causes red candidosis
erythematous
is candida auris difficult to identify
yes
is candida auris resistant to many drugs
yes
what is the hierarchy of controls for controlling a hazardous environment
elimination
substitution
engineering controls
administrative controls
PPE
which elements of the hierarchy of controls should be used first due to their effectiveness
elemination, substitution and engineering controls
what is the goal of the hierarchy of hazard control
reduce the risk that human error can cause an incident
what does elimination do
physically remove the hazard
what does substitution do
replace the hazard
what do engineering controls do
isolate people from the hazard
what are examples of engineering controls
rubber dams, high volume aspiration, effective surgery ventilation
what are administrative controls
changing the way people work
what is ppe
personal protective equipment
what is the last line of defence on the hierarchy of controls
vaccinations
