treating psychological disorders, chapter 13 Flashcards
Psychological Therapy (Psychotherapy)
a therapist uses various techniques to help a person overcome difficulties, gain personal insight, and achieve personal growth
Multiple perspectives
Biopsychosocial perspective (not just one right way)
Evidence-based
Biological & Psychological perspectives
1940s-lithium discovered; treats bipolar disorder
behaviorism and humanistic approaches refined treatment. part of evidence based practice
Evidence-based practice
Best scientific evidence
individual clinical expertise
Patient values. part of evidence based practice
Psychoanalytic
uncover unconscious motivations/issues
Freudian psychoanalysis
Psychodynamic therapy
Techniques: free association, dream analysis, hypnosis, projective tests, talk therapy
Humanistic (client-centered therapy)
Discover person’s needs/goals
Techniques:
Empathy
Genuineness
Unconditional positive regard
Active Listening
rogers called it person-centered therapy
Behavioral
Aim: to change behavior; to help the person learn a more healthy, adaptive behavior
Techniques:
Systematic desensitization
Flooding
Aversion therapy
Token economies
Modelling
cognitive
Aim: To change client’s maladaptive thinking patterns
Techniques:
Cognitive restructuring
Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy
Cognitive-behavioral therapy
Cognitive Distortions
Recognize automatic negative thinking
types of mental health professionals
psychologist- PHD or PsiD
psychatrist- med school
counselors- LPC, masters and certification with the state
social workers- masters and license
couples of family therapist- masters
rational emotive therapy process
challenging an irrational cognitive process with a rational intervention
all or nothing thinking
seeing each event as completely good or bad, right or wrong, a success or a failure
arbitrary inference
concluding that something negative will happen or is happening even though there is no evidence to support
emotional reasoning
assuming that negative emotions are accurate without questioning them
magnification and minimization
overestimating the importance of negative events and underestimating the impact of positive events
overgeneralization
applying a negative conclusion of one event to other unrelated events and areas of ones life
unconditional positive regard
the therapists attitude that expresses caring for and acceptance of the client as a valued person
congruence
in person-centered therapy, a consistency between the way therapists feel and the way they act toward clients
gestalt therapy
an active form of humanistic treatment that seeks to create conditions in which clients can become more unified, more self aware, and more self-accepting
systemic desensitization therapy
a behavioral method for treating anxiety in which clients visualize a graduated series of anxiety-provoking stimuli while remaining relaxed
assertiveness training
a set of methods for helping clients learn to express their feelings and stand up for their rights in social situations
positive reinforcement
presenting a positive reinforcer (reward) after a desired response
token economy program
a system for improving the behavior of clients in institutions by rewarding desirable behaviors with tokens that can be exchanged for various rewards
extinction
the gradual disappearance of a conditioned response
flooding
an exposure technique for reducing anxiety that keeps a client in a stressful but not harmful situation till they calm down
implosive theory
an exposure technique in which clients are helped to imagine being kept in a feared but harmless situation
aversion conditioning
a method for reducing unwanted behavior by using classical conditioning principals to create a negative response to some stimulus
rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)
a treatment designed to identify and change illogical, self-defeating thoughts that lead to anxiety and other symptoms of disorder
empirically supported therapies (EST’s)
treatments for psychological disorders who’s effectiveness has been validated by controlled experimental research
electroconvulsive shock therapy (ECT)
a brief electric shock administered to the brain, usually to reduce severe depression that does not respond to psychoactive medication
antipsychotics
meds that relieve the symptoms of schizophrenia and other severe psychological disorders
tranquilizers (anxiolytics)
meds that reduce tension and symptoms of anxiety
community psychology
an approach to minimizing or prevents psychological disorders by promoting social change and community mental health programs
