treating psychological disorders, chapter 13

Question 1

Psychological Therapy (Psychotherapy)

Answer 1

a therapist uses various techniques to help a person overcome difficulties, gain personal insight, and achieve personal growth

Multiple perspectives
Biopsychosocial perspective (not just one right way)
Evidence-based

Question 2

Biological & Psychological perspectives

Answer 2

1940s-lithium discovered; treats bipolar disorder
behaviorism and humanistic approaches refined treatment. part of evidence based practice

Question 3

Evidence-based practice

Answer 3

Best scientific evidence
individual clinical expertise
Patient values. part of evidence based practice

Question 4

Psychoanalytic

Answer 4

uncover unconscious motivations/issues

Freudian psychoanalysis

Psychodynamic therapy

Techniques: free association, dream analysis, hypnosis, projective tests, talk therapy

Question 5

Humanistic (client-centered therapy)

Answer 5

Discover person’s needs/goals
Techniques:
Empathy
Genuineness
Unconditional positive regard
Active Listening
rogers called it person-centered therapy

Question 6

Behavioral

Answer 6

Aim: to change behavior; to help the person learn a more healthy, adaptive behavior
Techniques:
Systematic desensitization
Flooding
Aversion therapy
Token economies
Modelling

Question 7

cognitive

Answer 7

Aim: To change client’s maladaptive thinking patterns
Techniques:
Cognitive restructuring
Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy
Cognitive-behavioral therapy

Question 8

Cognitive Distortions

Answer 8

Recognize automatic negative thinking

Question 9

types of mental health professionals

Answer 9

psychologist- PHD or PsiD
psychatrist- med school
counselors- LPC, masters and certification with the state
social workers- masters and license
couples of family therapist- masters

Question 10

rational emotive therapy process

Answer 10

challenging an irrational cognitive process with a rational intervention

Question 11

all or nothing thinking

Answer 11

seeing each event as completely good or bad, right or wrong, a success or a failure

Question 12

arbitrary inference

Answer 12

concluding that something negative will happen or is happening even though there is no evidence to support

Question 13

emotional reasoning

Answer 13

assuming that negative emotions are accurate without questioning them

Question 14

magnification and minimization

Answer 14

overestimating the importance of negative events and underestimating the impact of positive events

Question 15

overgeneralization

Answer 15

applying a negative conclusion of one event to other unrelated events and areas of ones life

Question 16

unconditional positive regard

Answer 16

the therapists attitude that expresses caring for and acceptance of the client as a valued person

Question 17

congruence

Answer 17

in person-centered therapy, a consistency between the way therapists feel and the way they act toward clients

Question 18

gestalt therapy

Answer 18

an active form of humanistic treatment that seeks to create conditions in which clients can become more unified, more self aware, and more self-accepting

Question 19

systemic desensitization therapy

Answer 19

a behavioral method for treating anxiety in which clients visualize a graduated series of anxiety-provoking stimuli while remaining relaxed

Question 20

assertiveness training

Answer 20

a set of methods for helping clients learn to express their feelings and stand up for their rights in social situations

Question 21

positive reinforcement

Answer 21

presenting a positive reinforcer (reward) after a desired response

Question 22

token economy program

Answer 22

a system for improving the behavior of clients in institutions by rewarding desirable behaviors with tokens that can be exchanged for various rewards

Question 23

extinction

Answer 23

the gradual disappearance of a conditioned response

Question 24

flooding

Answer 24

an exposure technique for reducing anxiety that keeps a client in a stressful but not harmful situation till they calm down

Question 25

implosive theory

Answer 25

an exposure technique in which clients are helped to imagine being kept in a feared but harmless situation

Question 26

aversion conditioning

Answer 26

a method for reducing unwanted behavior by using classical conditioning principals to create a negative response to some stimulus

Question 27

rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

Answer 27

a treatment designed to identify and change illogical, self-defeating thoughts that lead to anxiety and other symptoms of disorder

Question 28

empirically supported therapies (EST’s)

Answer 28

treatments for psychological disorders who’s effectiveness has been validated by controlled experimental research

Question 29

electroconvulsive shock therapy (ECT)

Answer 29

a brief electric shock administered to the brain, usually to reduce severe depression that does not respond to psychoactive medication

Question 30

antipsychotics

Answer 30

meds that relieve the symptoms of schizophrenia and other severe psychological disorders

Question 31

tranquilizers (anxiolytics)

Answer 31

meds that reduce tension and symptoms of anxiety

Question 32

community psychology

Answer 32

an approach to minimizing or prevents psychological disorders by promoting social change and community mental health programs