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PSYC 201 > chapter 12- disorders > Flashcards

chapter 12- disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Abnormal Behavior

A

thought and behavior patterns characterized as atypical, disturbing, maladaptive, or unjustifiable

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2
Q

Types of definitions (three Ds):

A

Deviance
Not culturally accepted
(this changes across time and context)
Statistically uncommon

Distress

Dysfunction

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3
Q

Normal to Abnormal Continuum

A

Behavior is viewed on a continuum from normal to psychological disorder

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4
Q

DSM-5-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual

A

Lists 20 categories of disorders

Covers more then 300 disorders

Takes an atheoretical approach

Continues to show improved reliability and validity over time

Note that having standards does not guarantee a correct diagnosis

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5
Q

Biological Perspective on Causes of Disorders

A

all abnormal behavior has a physical cause
medical model because mental health disorders are viewed as similar to physical diseases.

As such, they can be diagnosed, treated, or cured in much the same way as other physical illnesses, including by prescribing medications or through surgery.

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6
Q

Psychological Perspective on Causes of Disorders

A

abnormal behavior is caused by internal factors (sometimes with external influences)

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7
Q

Sociocultural Perspective on Causes of Disorders

A

abnormal behavior develops within a social context (family, community, and society) and must be treated according to that social context

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8
Q

Perspective on Causes of Disorders

A

we draw from multiple perspectives, not just one, in treating mental disorders

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9
Q

psychoanalytic view

A

mental disorders are the result of problems during development, or problems with the balance among the id, ego, and superego.

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10
Q

behavioral view (social learning)

A

people with psychological disorders have simply learned inappropriate behavior or have failed to learn the adaptive behavior that most people acquire.

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11
Q

cognitive view

A

mental disorders result from ideas and thoughts; our thinking/interpretations

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12
Q

humanistic view

A

abnormal behavior occurs when the real self does not live up to the ideal self; or when we are blocked from achieving our goals

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13
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A

Key idea: Excessive worry about a number of events, often with no identifiable cause

Lasts for at least 6 months

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14
Q

Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia

A

Person has recurrent abrupt experiences of unexpected intense fear accompanied by physical symptoms

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15
Q

Specific Phobias & Social Anxiety Disorder

A

Key idea: Persistent fear that is excessive and unreasonable
Lasts for 6 months or more

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16
Q

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

A

Key idea: Results from exposure to a traumatic event during which one feels helplessness or fear

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17
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

A

Key idea: a disorder where the person experiences anxiety related to an obsession or compulsion or both

obsession: an involuntary, irrational thought that occurs repeatedly (intrusive thoughts)

compulsion: an action that a person feels compelled to do, even though it is irrational

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18
Q

Dissociative Disorders

A

Involve a loss of connection with some part of our consciousness, identity, or memory.

Dissociative amnesia (sudden loss of memory)

Dissociative identity disorder (multiple personality disorder)

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19
Q

Depressive Disorder

A

May involve depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in one’s usual activities; changes in sleep patterns, appetite, and motor functioning; and loss of energy

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20
Q

Bipolar Disorders

A

Involve shifts in mood between two states: depressed and manic

21
Q

Explaining Mood Disorders

A

Genetics

Neurotransmitters
serotonin & norepinephrine

Stress hormones

Brain structures
prefrontal cortex & limbic system

Psychological factors
learned helplessness
ruminative coping style
cognitive distortions

Sociocultural factors
stressful events
lower SES
prior trauma

22
Q

Schizophrenia

A

characterized by a lack of reality testing, deterioration of social and intellectual functioning, and serious personality disintegration with significant changes in thought, mood perception and behavior

23
Q

Schizophrenia: Epidemiology

A

Typically diagnosed in adolescence or early adulthood

Men generally diagnosed earlier than women

Rates differ by race and ethnicity

24
Q

Schizophrenia: Neural & Developmental Factors

A

Abnormalities in brain structure and neurotransmitter function are associated with schizophrenia.

These abnormalities may have origins in prenatal and early childhood development.

environmental factors might encourage expression of this condition if a person carries the gene for it

25
Q

Schizophrenia: Positive Symptoms

A

Delusions
Hallucinations
Disorganized speech
Disordered behavior

26
Q

Schizophrenia: Negative Symptoms

A

Blunted affect
Alogia
Avolition

27
Q

Autism Spectrum Disorders

A

characterized by impairment in social communication and social interaction; and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities

28
Q

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

A

characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity

29
Q

psychopathology

A

patterns of thinking and behaving that are maladaptive, disruptive, or uncomfortable for the affected person or for others

30
Q

psychological model

A

a view in which mental disorder is seen as arising from psychological processes

31
Q

diathesis-stress model

A

the notion that psychological disorders arise when a predisposition for a disorder combines with sufficient amounts of stress to trigger symptoms

32
Q

agoraphobia

A

a strong fear of being in crowds or away from the safety of home or familiar people

33
Q

body dysmorphic disorder

A

an compulsive disorder characterized by intense distress over imagined abnormalities of the skin, hair, face, or other areas of the body

34
Q

somatic symptom disorder

A

shows the symptoms of a physical disorder for which there is no physical cause

35
Q

illness anxiety disorder

A

fear of physical illness

36
Q

conversion disorder

A

a somatic symptom disorder in which a person appears to be blind, deaf, paralyzed, or insensitive to pain

37
Q

major depressive disorder

A

a condition in which a person feels sad and hopeless for weeks or months, often losing interest in all activities and taking pleasure in nothing

38
Q

delusions

A

false beliefs, such as those experienced by people suffering from schizophrenia or severe depression

39
Q

persistent depressive disorder

A

a pattern of depression in which the person shows the sad mood, lack of interest, and loss of pleasure associated with major depressive disorder but to a lesser degree and for a longer period

40
Q

cyclothymic disorder

A

a bipolar disorder characterized by an alternating pattern of mood swings that is less extreme than that of bipolar I or II

41
Q

antisocial personality disorder

A

a long-term, persistent pattern of impulsive, selfish, unscrupulous, and even criminal behavior

42
Q

Personality Disorders: Cluster A

A

paranoid personality disorder- pervasive pattern of mistrust and suspiciousness regarding others’ motives
schizoid personality disorder-socially isolated, emotionally cold, indifferent to others
schizotypal personality disorder- peculiar thoughts and behaviors, poor interpersonal relationships

43
Q

Personality Disorders: Cluster B

A

antisocial personality disorder- failure to conform to social or legal codes, lack of anxiety and guilt, irresponsible behavior
borderline personality disorder- intense fluctuations in mood, self-image, and interpersonal relationships
histrionic personality disorder- self dramatization, exaggerated emotional expression, and seductive or provocative attention-seeking behaviors
narcissistic personality disorder- exaggerates sense of self-importance, exploitative behavior, lack of empathy

44
Q

Personality Disorders: Cluster C

A

avoidant personality disorder- pervasive social inhibition, fear of rejection and humiliation
dependent personality disorder- excessive dependance on others, inability to assume responsibilities, submissive
OCD- perfectionism, controlling interpersonal behavior, devotion to details, rigidity

45
Q

criterion of abnormality

A

statistical infrequency- unusual/rare
norm violation
personal suffering- experiencing distress
impaired functioning

46
Q

who is most likely to commit suicide

A

older men living alone

47
Q

the practical approach

A

the content, context, and consequences of behavior

48
Q

what is the difference between Bipolar I and bipolar II

A

bipolar I has more intense manic episodes

49
Q

is insanity a psychological term?

A

no, its a legal one

PSYC 201 (5 decks)

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