Treaties

Question 1

UN Charter Art. 1

Answer 1

• Purpose of UN is to maintain international peace and security
• To foster friendly relations between members
• Equal rights and cooperation

Question 2

UN Charter Art. 2

Answer 2

• Sovereign equality of all members

- Members can’t use force or threat of force in international relations

Question 3

UN Charter Art. 103

Answer 3

• UN charter is superior to any other international agreement should conflicting obligations arise

Question 4

UN Charter Art. 24

Answer 4

• UN SC has primacy in matters of int. peace and security

Question 5

UN Charter Art. 25

Answer 5

• Members must carry out UN SC decisions

Question 6

UN Charter Art. 39

Answer 6

• UN SC can decide what is a threat to int. peace and security

Question 7

UN Resolution No. 377

Answer 7

• Uniting for Peace resolution
• Can call emergency session if 7 UN SC members vote in favour or if UN GA majority vote in favour
• Can make decisions concerning int. peace and security if UN SC is failing to do so

Question 8

WTO GATT Art. 1

Answer 8

• Most Favoured Nation treatment (MFN)

Question 9

WTO GATT Art. 2

Answer 9

• Bound tariffs

Question 10

WTO GATT Art. 3

Answer 10

• National Treatment (NT)

Question 11

ILO Constitution Art. 20

Answer 11

• Conventions adopted only binding to states that ratify them

Question 12

ILO Constitution Art. 22

Answer 12

• Members must make annual report on conventions

Question 13

ILO Convention No. 87, 1948

Answer 13

• Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise

Question 14

ILO Convention No. 105, 1957

Answer 14

• Abolition of Forced Labour

Question 15

ILO Convention No. 138, 1973

Answer 15

• Minimum Age

Question 16

ILO Convention No. 183, 1999

Answer 16

• Child Labour

Question 17

ILO Convention No. 100, 1951

Answer 17

• Equal Pay

Question 18

ILO Convention No. 111, 1958

Answer 18

• Discrimination

Question 19

ILO Constitution Art. 33

Answer 19

• Noncompliance can be reported to ICJ

- Can lead to sanctions or expulsion

Question 20

WB IBRD Art. 3

Answer 20

• Resources in the bank can only be used for development and reconstruction projects

Question 21

IMF Art. 4

Answer 21

• State obligations to allow IMF surveillance

Question 22

UN Charter Art. 94

Answer 22

• Members obliged to comply with ICJ decisions

- Failure to comply can be reported to UN SC

Question 23

ICJ Statute Art. 38

Answer 23

• Sources of law hierarchy:
  1) International Conventions
  2) Customary Law
  3) National Legal Systems
  4) Judicial Scholarship

Question 24

ICJ Statute Art. 59

Answer 24

• ICJ decisions don’t set precedent

Question 25

ICC Rome Statute Art. 5

Answer 25

• Relevant crimes are:
  1) Genocide
  2) War Crimes
  3) Crimes Against Humanity
  4) Crimes of Aggression [5(2): definition to be agreed upon]

Question 26

ICC Rome Statute Art. 20

Answer 26

• Complementarity Principle

- Court decides if domestic trial was genuine

Question 27

Treaty of Paris, 1952

Answer 27

• Treaty establishing European Coal and Steel Community

Question 28

Treaty of Rome, 1957

Answer 28

• Treaty establishing EURATOM

- Treaty establishing European Economic Community: integrated market within 12 years

Question 29

Treaty of Maastricht, 1992

Answer 29

• Turned EEC into EU

Question 30

Treaty of Lisbon, 2009

Answer 30

• Reshaping EU institutions and relationship with citizens
• Decision-making more effective: less need for unanimity, EU president and foreign policy increased in influence, no referendum, treaties passed through national parliaments only
• More democratically legitimate: increasing EU parliament power, EU charter of HR
• Promoting integration and loyalty to EU rather than nation
• EU has international legal personality

Question 31

Montreal Protocol, 1987

Answer 31

• Universally ratified in 2009

- Banning use of ozone-depleting products

Question 32

Kyoto Protocol, 1997

Answer 32

• 191 States & EU
• Reducing greenhouse emissions by 2012 (failure)
• US never ratified, Canada withdrew 2015

Question 33

Paris Agreement, 2016

Answer 33

• 197 signed, 180 ratified
• Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC): Each country chooses how they will reach reduction goals
• Financial assistance for developing countries to create sustainable frameworks

Question 34

EU Common Agricultural Policy, 1968 (CAP)

Answer 34

• Creation of single agricultural market with fixed prices to ensure no more food shortages in Europe
• Subsidising large scale production
• Makes up 40% of EU budget

Question 35

NATO Treaty Art. 5

Answer 35

• Collective Defense
• Attack against one is attack against all
• Council decides if action is necessary and technically need UN SC authorisation